Nutrition Requirements and Issues - by Aanya Arney

1. By: Aanya Arney pyp3e

2. Body Energy Requirements
for females*
— 2 - 3 years old: 1000-1400 Kcal/d
— 4- 9 years old: 1400-1600 Kcal/d
— 9- 13 years old: 1800-2200 Kcal/d
— 14- 18 years old: 2400-2800Kcal/d
Vary significantly based on gender and age
for males
— 2 - 3 years old: 1000-1400 Kcal/d
— 4- 9 years old: 1400-1600 Kcal/d
— 9- 13 years old: 1600-2000 Kcal/d
— 14- 18 years old: 2000-2400Kcal/d

3. Childhood: Nutritional Problems -
Globally
 Obesity
— Begins generally after the age of 2 - do not
restrict dietary fat before this age
— 30% of children are obese: rate is increasing
— Childhood obesity is not generally “outgrown”
— Growth adiposity rebound between 5 and 7 years
is critical in predicting adult obesity
» Early rebound more predictive of later obesity

4. Childhood: Nutritional Problems –
Globally continue …
Iron Deficiency: 6-13%
— Children at risk due to low iron stores at birth (up to
250,000 per year)
» Growth-retarded infants
» Infants of diabetic mothers
— Children at risk due to inadequate intake
» Early introduction of cow’s milk (before 12 months)
» Unsupplemented infant formula (up to 30% of sales)
» Breastfeeding without iron supplementation (20% at 9 months
— Children with increased GI blood loss

5. Poor nutrition in
older people
 Need more support and care
 Less likely to be able to live independently
 Need more frequent and longer stays in hospital
 More likely to fall

6. Background factors
for poor nutrition
 Inappropriate, inadequate food intake
 Poor appetite
 Poverty
 Social isolation
 Dependency

7. Body Composition

8. Summary
 Nutritional issues in childhood and adolescence
differ in developing and developed countries
 The antecedents of adult diseases are found in
childhood nutritional disorders
 Obesity
 Allergy
 Cancer