The document provides an overview of life in medieval Europe during the Middle Ages (500-1500 AD). It describes the fall of the Roman Empire and the rise of feudalism and manorialism. Key events included Charlemagne uniting much of Western Europe in the 800s and the Viking invasions from the 800s to 1100s. The Catholic Church gained significant political and economic power, and monasteries helped advance farming techniques and copy religious texts. Towns and trade developed, and a middle class emerged consisting of merchants, traders, and craft workers organized into guilds. Overcrowding in cities led to epidemics like the Black Death in the mid-1300s.

1. Middle Ages Turn to page 394 Make sure you are reading the chapter!

2. What were the Middle Ages? Between 500 and 1500 A.D. As a result of the fall of the Roman Empire and invading groups, Europe fragmented into smaller groups with different languages.

3. Charlemagne Around 800 AD, a Frank named Charlemagne united most of Western Europe The Pope declared him Emperor. His accomplishments: Reuniting Western Europe Education Economy Christianization

4. Vikings From Norway, Sweden, and Denmark Seafaring People Pillaged and plundered through Europe from 800 to about 1100 AD On a positive note, they reopened trade routes.

5. Feudalism Emerges as a Government System King Barons, Nobles, Lords, Princes Protection Vassals knights Peasants or serfs

8. Pay taxes and food to the Lord of the Manor

10. Most people in Western Europe in the Middle Ages were Roman Catholic.

11. Religious and Economic Power People were constrained by the idea of punishment-hell, and reward-heaven. Clergy (church leaders) collected taxes and fiefs from Lords for performing various religious services-baptisms, weddings, church services, etc.

12. Church Political Power People who were excommunicated were left out of everything. Church officials advised kings and lords.

13. Church organization Pope Parish Priests Archbishops Bishops

14. Everyday Priests were in every community They performed various religious rites and took confessions from parishoners.

15. Monasteries and Convents Monasteries – Monks –developed better ways to farm; copied religious writings Convents- Nuns helped with education and health

16. Scholasticism Used reasoning to explain things that had always been explained by faith alone.

17. Trade and Towns People were beginning to feel safer. They opened up the ancient trade routes. European merchants bought and sold goods from afar. Towns began as manors became overcrowded; lords allowed serfs to buy freedom and move to towns.

19. Along rivers and highways

21. Middle Class Develops Merchants Traders Craft workers Guilds of certain occupations began to: Set quality standards Set price controls Pay dues to support those of their number in need

22. Steps to Becoming a Guild Member Ages 8-14: Be an apprentice. Live with someone who can teach you the trade, but you are not paid a salary. You are there to learn. After apprenticeship: Become a journeyman. You are paid for your work, and eventually you create a reputation for yourself that makes you worthy of acceptance into the guild.

23. Overcrowding in Cities Extremely unsanitary conditions led to lots of disease, such as the Black Death, that ravaged Europe from 1347 to 1351. It was transmitted by fleas on rats.

24. Medieval Culture Large cathedrals built in gothic style Stained glass artwork Cathedral schools Chivalry- the code of good conduct for knights Troubadors- traveling entertainers who parlayed stories of great knights winning over beautiful ladies into music