Scientific Philosophy Approaches

Scientific Philosophy of Education:
Scientific Philosophy: Ontology, Epistimology and Axiology
Presented by Mhd. Absor, Hasanul Bisni and Yanti
UIN
SULTAN SYARIF KASIM RIAU
Scienctific Philosophy :
Ontology/metaphysics, Epistemology and Axiology
Definition of Terms
a. axiology
 “Axios” means “appropriateness/reasonable”. “Logos” means
“knowledge”
 Axiology is understood as a theory of value
 Theory of value related to the use of gained knowledge
 It studies on the truth and the nature knowledge itself
Prof. DR. Muhmidayeli, M.Ag
PPs UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, T.A 2014

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b. Assessment in Axiology
 Ethic; morality, norms, behaviors of humans
 Esthetic; looking at something (good, bad, elegance, etc)
Franz Magnis Suseno states that ethics is meant as critical and
systematical thoughts of moral views/values. The contents of
moral views related to norms, tradition, preaching, and humans
behaviors.

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c. Usages of Axiology
 Philosophy is as a collection of theoretical framework to
understand and respond/give reaction towards thought of
faculty
 Philosophy is seen as life views.
 Philosophy is as scientific methodology to handle problem faces
d. Correlation of Axiology and Philosophy of Science
 Value viewed as a “Objective” not “Subjective”.
 The pure truth is not reliant on one’s thought but on factual
basis
 Subjective is mostly viewing the various views form ones
including thinking, feeling of like and dislike, etc.

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b. Epistemology
 It is similar to theory of knowledge.
 It is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature, scope of
knowledge, basic premises, and responsibility of statements
existing in knowledge itself.
Methodology of Epistemology
1. Inductive
2. Deductive
3. Positivism
4. Contemplative
5. Dialectic

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c. Ontology
 ὄντος genitive: “to become" and λογία,-logia:
“knowledge, research and theory:
 It studies on the
nature, existence/reality, hierarchy, similarity, basic category
and its relations.
The Liang Gie
Ontology is to explore the existence of things by questioning:
 what is meant by “Exist”?
 What groups of existing things?
 What basic facts and truly exist?
 Are the different entities and categories viewed as truly exist?

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Suriasumantri mentions that Ontology discussing more on what
we want to know, to what extend our knowing,.
Or study of “exist”.
Ontology tries to give clarification of questions:
a. What knowledge is being investigated
b. How to create the nature of those existing things
c. How is the correlation among those existing things to human
minds and senses e.g thinking, feeling, and tasting to result a
certain knowledge
Aristotles defines that ontology is a study in philosophical field to
determine the real nature of things to take its
meanings, structure and its basic principles.

Trends in Education:
Rationalism, Empiricism, Criticism and Positivism
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Trends in Philosophy :
Rasionalism, Empericsm, Criticsm, Positivism
1. Rationalism
 It is a meeting of human’s minds and soul toward outer space
of real world.
 Knowledge is in basis of humans rationales linked to empirical
experience
 To gains its goals, rationalism absolutely need the freedom of
thinking; acquiring to develop one potentials and forming
character buildings

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In summary, two main things take into consideration of
rasionalisme:
1. A strong belief that the real truth is directly gained by means
of minds
2. Logical expansion of thoughts is to prove the real knowledge
Some experts supported this premises consist of Rene Descartes
(1596- 16 ), Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) , Blaise Pascal (1623-
1662), Leibniz (1632-1677).
It is also defined as a truthfulness of humans minds as the effort
of thinking freely. Rasionalisme exists in accordance with the
doubtfulness of Rene descartes’ considerations. He applies a
method of doubtfulness to become a certainty.

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2. Empiricism
 “Empiris“ means “senses’ experience”
 It is viewed as an understanding of experience towards the
real world and emotional experience
 Knowledge comes from sense experience since it is clearly
perfectly proven.
 Senses are the mains tools to know worlds or to acquire the
knowledge existing in real worlds, as Bacon states.

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Bacon remind to all philosophical experts dealing with drawing a
false conclusion from previous idols::
1. tribus; drawing a rush conclusion
2. Specus; drawing conclusion based on own interest/needs
3. fori ; drawing conclusion based on majority of votes
4. Theatri; drawing a conclusion based on prior knowledge
Bacon introduce an experimental method to investigate and do a
research through experience to know things and its interrelated
laws among real things.

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Bacon remind to all philosophical experts dealing with drawing a
false conclusion from previous idols::
1. Tribus; drawing a rush conclusion
2. Specus; drawing conclusion based on own interest/needs
3. Fori ; drawing conclusion based on majority of votes
4. Theatri; drawing a conclusion based on prior knowledge
Bacon introduce an experimental method to investigate and do a
research through experience to know things and its interrelated
laws among real things.

Scientific Philosophy Approaches

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