Taxonomy Fundamentals Workshop

Taxonomy
Fundamentals
Workshop
Taxonomy Boot Camp, October 16, 2012, Washington, DC

Marjorie Hlava, President
Access Innovations, Inc.
www.accessinn.com

Heather Hedden
Hedden Information Management
www.hedden-information.com

Introductions
Marjorie Hlava
President, Access Innovations, Inc.

Heather Hedden
Taxonomy Consultant, Hedden Information Management
Author, The Accidental Taxonomist

Outline
• The basics
– 30 minutes
• More details: Polyhierarchies and Facets
– 30 minutes (including exercises)
• “Taxonomatch”
– 15 minutes
• Implementation and applications
– 15 minutes
• Q&A

The Basics – 30 minutes

• What is a taxonomy?
• What are the parts of a taxonomy?
• How do you build one?
• Guidelines for the terms
• Subject Matter Experts (SME’s)
• 40 slides

© 2012. Access Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

What is a Taxonomy?
ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005
controlled

“A collection of controlled vocabulary terms
organized into a Yes!

hierarchical structure.”
Missing:
equivalence, associative relationships, and notes


The Semantic Road Map:
Knowledge Organization Systems
•Complex Semantic network •Linked Entities
•High value •Contextual Specificity
Ontology
Thesaurus
Taxonomy
Controlled vocabulary
Synonym set/ring
Name authority file
 Uncontrolled list list
Uncontrolled
•Unrelated Entities
•Simple
•Low value •Ambiguity
Highest Cost over Time!

2011.

Basic features - The term record

• Main Term (MT) = subject term, heading, node,
category, descriptor, class
• Top Term (TT)
• Broader Terms (BT) TAXONOMY
• Narrower Terms (NT) ONTOLOGY
• Related Terms (RT)
– See also (SA) THESAURUS
• Non-Preferred Term (NP)
– Used for (UF), See (S)
– Synonyms
• Scope Note (SN)
• History (H)


Taxonomy? Thesaurus?
• Often used interchangeably
• Thesaurus is a taxonomy with extras
– Related Terms
– Non-preferred Terms (USE/Used for)
– Scope Notes
– More
• Taxonomies often have the actual
information object at the final node.
• CMS and SharePoint tend to the
hierarchical view only, definition, and USE


Taxonomy Thesaurus
view Term Record
view

Copyright © 2005 - Access Innovations,
Inc.

How do you build a taxonomy ?
• Define subject field
• Collect terms
• Organize terms
• Fill in gaps
• Flesh out and interrelate terms
• Apply to your data
You’re done!


Define subject field
• Review representative collection of content
• Determine:
– Core areas
– Peripheral topics
Sociology

Psychology
Education
Law
• Scope can be modified later


Build, buy, augment?
• Survey existing thesaurus/taxonomy resources for your domain
• Test for
• Scope
• Depth
• Make-or-break terms
• Cost
• Adoption of existing taxonomies
– Term registries
– Taxobank
– Taxonomy Warehouse
– Other resources
Don’t reinvent the wheel!


Foundations
• Start with what is known
• Build from there
• Use the literature, your data
• Use internal lists
• Built-in continuous review throughout the
process, and beyond
• Who is involved?
– Taxonomists
– Subject matter experts
– Project management
– Users

Collect terms
• Your documents and databases
• Departmental terminology
• Textbooks and their indexes
• Book tables of contents and indexes
• Journal quarterly indexes
• Encyclopedias
• Lexicons, glossaries on the topic
• Web resources
• Users and experts
• Search logs

Gather terms from search logs
• Top 100 search terms from search logs
• Terms used more than 50 times
• Match to website with appropriate answer
• Basis for favorites or best bets, presented at
the top of results list
• Behavior-based taxonomy


How do you choose terms?
• Importance in the subject area
• Use in the literature, by the organization or
community
• Necessary degree of specificity or detail
• Relationship with other controlled
vocabularies
• Single concept = single term


One term / one concept
• Terms represent simple or unitary concept
• A unit of thought
• May be a single-word term
• May be a multiword term is required to
represent the concept
“A unit of thought, formed by
• Three main categories mentally combining some or all
– Concrete entities of the characteristics of a
concrete or abstract, real or
– Abstract concepts imaginary object. Concepts
– Proper nouns exist in the mind as abstract
entities independent of terms
used to express them.”

Concrete entities as terms
• Things and their physical parts
– Birds
• Feathers
• Buildings
• Floors
• Materials
– Cement
– Wood
– Lead
– Cards and Chips


Abstract concepts as terms
• Actions and events
– evolution, skating, management, ceremonies
• Abstract entities
– law, theory
• Properties of things, materials, and actions
– strength, efficiency
• Disciplines and sciences
– physics, meteorology, mathematics
• Units of measurement
– pounds, kilograms, miles, meters, nanoseconds


Proper nouns as terms

• Individual entities – “classes of one” –
expressed as proper nouns
– San Francisco, Lake Michigan

Thesaurus standards exclude proper names,
persons, and trade names  authority files.
Taxonomies include them as final nodes.


Organize terms – roughly
• Sort terms into several major categories – logical
groups of similar concepts as Top Terms
– Identify core areas and peripheral topics
– 10 – 20 to start
– Consider moving proper names to authority files
• Result: loose collection of terms under several
main headings
– Rough and tentative – see how it fits as you go
– Initial gap analysis
– Add / modify / delete as needed


How do terms relate?

• Hierarchical relationships
TAXONOMY
– Parents and their children
• Equivalence relationships
– Aliases THESAURUS
• Associative relationships
– Cousins
– See also’s


Hierarchical relationships
• Broader Term represents the class, whole, or
genus
• Narrower Term is a member, part, or species
– Generic relationship
– Whole-part relationship
– Instance relationship
• NT inherit all the BT characteristics
• BTs/NTs have a reciprocal relationship


Broader to narrower terms
Politics

Elections
Presidential elections
Gubernatorial elections
Mayoral elections


Hierarchy –
Whole-part relationship
• Four general types
– Body systems and organs
• Ear  Middle ear
– Geographical locations
• Bernalillo County  Albuquerque
– Fields of study
• Geology  Physical geology
– Hierarchical social structures
• Ontario  Manitoulin District


Hierarchy – Instance relationship
• General category (common noun) as BT,
with individual example (proper noun) as NTI
(Narrower Term Instance)
Seas French cathedrals
Baltic Sea Chartres Cathedral
Caspian Sea Rheims Cathedral
Mediterranean Sea Rouen Cathedral

Essentially identical to “final node” in taxonomies


Polyhierarchical relationship
• Term can logically fit under more than one Broader
Term – can have Multiple Broader Terms (MBT)
• Part of ISO standards, new to ANSI/NISO

Nurses Health administrators
Nurse administrators Nurse administrators
Finance Careers
Accounting Accounting

Copyright © 2009 - Access Innovations,
Inc.

Generic relationship test – 1
• Both terms in same fundamental category
• “All-and-some” test
Rodents
SOME ALL
Squirrels

Pests
SOME NOT ALL
Squirrels

Inheritance or inclusion – what’s true of the parent (BT)
is true for all children (NTs)


Generic relationship test – 2

Rodents
Squirrels Pests

 ALL squirrels are rodents
x NOT ALL squirrels are pests
x NOT ALL pests are rodents


Equivalence relationship
• Preferred Term
– Thesaurus term and valid for indexing
– Thesaurus notation: USE

• Non-Preferred Term
– Not valid for indexing
– An alias or imposter
– Entry point, directs user to Preferred Term
– Thesaurus notation: UF or NPT
Spiders Plant pathology
UF Arachnids USE Phytopathology


Equivalence – when to use
• Synonyms, slang, quasi-synonyms
• Scientific and trade names
– Ibubrofen UF Motrin™
• Lexical variants
– Fiber optics UF Fibre optics
– Mouse UF Mice
• Upward posting of narrow concepts not specified in
taxonomy or thesaurus
– Social class UF Elite, Middle class, Working class

Get equivalent terms from search logs, brainstorming…

Associative relationship
• Related Terms (RTs) – cousins
• “…terms related conceptually but not hierarchically, and
are not part of an equivalence set” (i.e. not synonyms)
• Both valid for indexing
• Reciprocal relationship with each other
• Expands user’s awareness, reflects thesaurus
coverage of unanticipated areas
• Main basis for the ontology
• 14 main options offered in Z39.19


Scope Notes (SN)
• Indicate meaning of the term in the context of
this thesaurus, for this audience
– Stress – Mental, Psychological, Physiological
• Could be the definition or glossary
• Indicate any restriction in meaning
• Indicate range of topics covered
• Provide direction for indexers; for terms often
confused, may suggest an alternative term
• Use as needed – may not be for every term
• Use a style guide
• Be concise


Stating the terms
• Term format
• Grammatical issues
• Singular and plural forms
• Spelling
• Abbreviations and acronyms
• Capitalization
• Other punctuation
• Consistency


Term format
• KISS – Keep it short and simple
– 1-2-3 words
– Effect on search
– Pre- and Post-Coordination
• Establish a policy
– follow Chicago Manual of Style
• Grammatical issues
– Nouns and noun phrases
– Verbs  Gerunds
– Adjectives - no
– Adverbs - no
– Initial articles – no


Compound terms – nope!
• “Terms in a thesaurus should represent simple or
unitary concepts…” (ISO standard)
• “Compound terms should be factored (split) into
simple elements…” (ANSI/NISO standard)
• Term phrases are okay (bigrams)
– Adjective-Noun
– American history
• Two concepts combined are not
– Aromatherapy for bloating


Pre and post coordinate terms
• Pre coordinates – two concepts
– Subject headings – Library of Congress
• American history – Civil War
– Back of the book
– Put together in advance by the publisher
• Post Coordinate
– Taxonomy terms
– Single concept
– Put together by the user / searcher


So far you’ve got
• Hierarchy
– Broader and Narrower Terms
– Polyhierarchies when needed
• Preferred/Non-Preferred Terms
– Equivalence relationships
• Related Terms
– Associative relationships
• Scope Notes
• Complete term records
– Correct term format

Review, edit, test, edit,
use, edit, and maintain, i.e. edit
• Review • Edit and maintain
– Users – Add term
– Expert reviewers – Change existing term
• Test – Change term status
– Index 500+ documents – Delete term
(more for variable writing – Add term relationship
style; fewer for strict style) – Delete term relationship
– Monitor search log – Add/modify Scope Note
– Change overall structure

Consider automated / assisted indexing software


Subject Matter Experts
• Work first from the literature
• Establish literary warrant for terms
• Someone else do the clerical work
• Differentiate the lexicography work
– From the Subject Matter expert work
• Let SMEs do the review and tailoring
• Expert review ensures the proper term use
and application
• Advisory Board…advisable!

More Details
 Polyhierarchies
 Facets

© 2012 Hedden Information Management

Polyhierarchies

Term Term

Child Child
Child Child
Term 1 Term 2
Term 1 Term 2

Grand- Grand- Grand- Grand-
Grand- Grand-
child 1 child 2 child 1 child 2
child 3 child 4

Hierarchy Polyhierarchy


Polyhierarchies
 A term has a polyhierarchy if it has more than
one broader term.
 Polyhierarchy is permitted if the hierarchical
relationship is valid in both/all cases
 Remember “All-and-Some” test for each
generic hierarchical relationship


Polyhierarchies
 Based on generic relationship

Professions Motor vehicles

Musicians Educators Cars Trucks

Music Teachers Light trucks


Polyhierarchies
 Based on different kinds of hierarchical relationships/
different means of categorizing (less common)

Bodies United
of Water States

Lakes Utah

Great Salt Lake


Polyhierarchy - Pluses

Polyhierarchy is useful when…
 It is obviously logical for select terms
(cross-overs/hybrids, e.g. Music teachers or Light Trucks)
 It is indicated by different stakeholder views
 Indexers/taggers browse the taxonomy hierarchically
 End-user testing/input (e.g. card-sorting) indicates users
are split as to where in the hierarchy an item belongs


Polyhierarchy - Pluses
Retail website Sports taxonomy
case study example: case study example:

Health & Fitness Back Exercises
› Portable Fitness Electronics › Dead Lifts
› Fitness GPS Watches
Hamstring Exercises
Car, Marine & GPS › Dead Lifts
› GPS Navigation
› Handheld GPS
› Fitness GPS Watches


Polyhierarchy - Minuses

Polyhierarchy is not so good when…
 It violates hierarchical relationship standards
 It becomes excessive, perhaps more common than mono-
hierarchies
 It is the result of different kinds of a categorization,
and the presence of different kinds of categorization is
confusing
 It is a small taxonomy and the user doesn’t need or
expect polyhierarchy


Problems with excessive polyhierarchies:
 Familiar tree structure is lost. Users cannot see the logical hierarchy.
 Users spend too much time clicking through categories.


Logical polyhierarchies, if done consistently, could
become extensive.

Example: creating polyhierarchies for products
based on different classifications

Glass Products Tableware Balls Soccer Equipment

Wine Glasses Soccer Balls


Multiple, potentially confusing categorizations:
 Place names in hierarchies for both geographic location
and for place type
 Products in hierarchies for both material and for use
 Physical exercises in hierarchies for both body part and
purpose/type (strength, endurance, etc.)

 “It’s OK, we can have polyhierarchies”
This is not always the best solution.
 Maybe facets should be used instead.


Polyhierarchies - Cases
Violating hierarchical relationship standards
 Might be OK in some cases in some taxonomies
 But avoid overuse in polyhierarchies

Computers & Tablets
Case study example: Laptop & Netbook Computers
 Accessories as a narrower term Tablets, iPads & E-Readers
Desktop & All-in-One Computers
to a product category Monitors
 Services as a narrower term Mice & Keyboards
to a product category Printers
Hard Drives & Storage
Computer Memory
Video Cards & PC Components
Networking & Wireless
Software
Computer Accessories
Computer Setup & Services


Violating hierarchical relationship standards within limits
Computers & Tablets
Laptop & Netbook Computers
PC Laptops
MacBooks
Chromebooks
Netbooks
All Netbooks
Netbook Cases
Computer Setup & Services Not OK
Laptop Accessories
Computer Setup & Services OK
Desktop & All-in-One Computers
All-in-One Computers
Towers Only
Desktop Packages
Computer Setup & Services
OK


Do not create a polyhierarchy to both a
“parent” and a “grandparent.”

Cameras
Grandparent of Digital SLR Cameras

Digital Cameras
Parent of Digital SLR Cameras

Digital SLR Cameras


Might be better not to have polyhierarchies when the
taxonomy is small and the number of top-level
categories are few

Case study: Client management documents of a financial services
company has 114 topical terms categorized with just five broader
terms:
 Account Information
 Client Information
 Client Status
 Disclosures & Notifications
 Approvals/Guidance
Decided against polyhierarchies.
Reason: Repeat users can memorize the small hierarchy. They
don’t expect polyhierarchy here.


Polyhierarchies - Conclusions
Some is good. More isn’t necessarily better.
 Polyhierarchies are best for isolated terms that can fall
into two categories.
 Polyhierarchies can become too many in cases of
overlays of two different categorization methods for
numerous terms. (Facets may be better.)
 Polyhierarchies are useful, no matter how extensive, in
term-focused thesauri
 Polyhierarchies should be more limited in fully displayed
taxonomies


Polyhierarchies - Exercise
Propose two broader terms for each:

 Hotel managers
 Printers
 Fish
 Egypt
 Bill Gates


Facets
 For serving faceted classification, which allows the
assignment of multiple classifications to an object
 A “dimension” of a query; a type of concept
 Intended for searching with multiple terms in combination
(post-coordination), one from each facet
 Can be for topics or for named entities, but generally not
both
 Reflect the domain of content
 A subset of metadata fields


Facets
Faceted Classification
Mathematician/librarian S.R. Ranganathan (1920s)
developed as an alternative to the Dewey Decimal
System for books:
“Colon Classification”
1. Personality – topic or orientation
2. Matter – things or materials
3. Energy – actions
4. Space – places or locations
5. Time – times or time periods


Facets

Facets are suitable for:
 Structured data with discernable metadata fields or
database records
 Homogeneous data with similar types of characteristics
(e.g. products in an e-commerce site)

Example types of facets:
 For products
 category, brand, size, color, price range, features
 For people
 name, job title, gender, birth year, location, department
 For reports
 author, subject, audience, document type, language


Facets
For Web sites:
For enterprise taxonomies: Rosenfeld and Morville,
Patrick Lambe, Information Architecture
Organising Knowledge  Topic
 People and organizations  Product
 Things and parts of things  Document type
 Activity cycles  Audience
 Locations  Geography
 Price


Facet Examples
1. Shoebuy.com - advanced search
http://www.shoebuy.com/s.jsp/r_as

2. My Recipes
http://search.myrecipes.com

3. Microbial Life Educational Resources
http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/resources


My Recipes


Facets & Hierarchies
Combining Facets and Hierarchies

1. Have hierarchies within facets
2. Start with hierarchical categories and then limit
further with facets


1. Hierarchies within facets: indented display

World Bank documents advanced search
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/docadvancesearch


2. Hierarchies of topics, then facets to narrow results:

ThomasNet business directory
http://ps.thomasnet.com/productsearch

Buzzillions product reviews
http://www.buzzillions.com

Amazon.com books browse
http://www.amazon.com


Taxonomy Structures: Hierarchies
One level per web page
Yahoo directory
http://search.yahoo.com/dir

ThomasNet browse
http://www.thomasnet.com/browse

Buzzillions


Facets - Conclusions
Advantages
 Supports more complex search queries by users
 Allows users to control the search refinement, narrowing
or broadening in any manner or order

Disadvantages
 Only suitable for somewhat structured, unified type of
content that share the same multiple facets
 Might not support multiple terms selected at once from
the same facet
 Often hidden from users under “Advanced Search”
 Requires investment of thorough (multifacted)
indexing/tagging


Facets - Conclusions
Facet Design Tips
 Number of facets: 4-8, with 5-6 as ideal
 Facets listed in logical, not alphabetical order
 Number of terms per facet: 2-25
 Ideally not much more than can be viewed in a scroll box
 If the list is obvious (US states), then more is OK.
 Exception can be made for hierarchical “Topics” facet
 If <12 terms, then a logical display order
If >12 terms, then alphabetical
 A two-level hierarchy (indented) within a facet is possible


Facets - Exercise

Designate a set of 4-7 facets for a tour
operator web site selling vacation
packages.


• Designed to enhance understanding and retention of the
vocabulary concepts necessary for creating a taxonomy,
ontology, thesaurus, or controlled vocabulary.
• Game supplies:
– 1 Deck of Orange Question and Challenge Cards
– 1 Deck of Green Answer Cards
• Game setup:
– Shuffle the deck of Green Answer cards,
– Deal the entire deck to the players.
– Shuffle the deck of Orange Question and Challenge cards
– Place them facedown in a pile in the middle of the table so
that all players can reach the pile.

• Reinforce what you just heard!
• Have fun!

1. Play moves to the left of the dealer 7. Discussion among the players to arrive at the
2. Draw a card from the top of the Orange cards. correct answer is permissible and encouraged!
Read it aloud to all of the players. 8. If players do not arrive at a consensus
3. The player who read the card says out loud regarding the correct answer, the Orange
what they think the answer is. Question and Challenge card may be returned
4. Each player looks at the Green Answer cards to the bottom of the pile, and play passes to
in their hand. the person to the left of the player who drew
the previous card.
1. If they have the correct answer to the
Question or Challenge, they show their 9. When all of the Orange Question and
Challenge cards have been drawn, read aloud,
card to everyone at the table. and matched with their Green Answer cards,
2. If everyone agrees that the answer is the game ends.
correct, the player holding the correct 10. If there are any Orange Question and
answer card gives it to the player who Challenge cards remaining to which players
read the Question or Challenge card. cannot agree on an answer, players may
5. The player places their associated pair of consult their notes or ask the session speaker.
cards – one Orange Question and Challenge
card and one Green Answer card – face up on
the table in front of them.
6. Play passes to the person who held the correct
Green Answer card in their hand. Play
continues as in step 2 above.


Implementation and applications
• Adding the terms to the information objects
• Search and other applications
• Taxonomy use cases – implementation
• Opportunities and Obstacles
• 30 minutes


Parts of the puzzle
• The taxonomy
– The words to use
– In the order you want the users to browse
• Applications
– Search, CMS, SharePoint etc
• Implementation / actions
– Making the links
– Adding terms to information objects
• Most people confuse the parts and they act
very differently


The Workflow
Fully integrated with MOSS
Build Create
Gather Tag and Put in
search user
source create database
inverted interface
data metadata with tags
index

Client Data Automatic
Summarization
Full Text Search
HTML, PDF,
Machine Aided
Presentation
Data Feeds,
Indexer Layer
etc. (M.A.I.™)
Search
Database Software Increases
Inline Tagging Repository accuracy
Client Browse by Subject
Client Taxonomy
taxonomy Metadata and Auto-completion
Entity Extractor Broader Terms
Narrower Terms
Thesaurus Related Terms
Master


Adding terms to information objects
• Part of the record
– XML
– MARC
• A relational table pointing the terms to a
record ID number (Secondary key)
• Adding data to the HTML
– META NAME KEYWORD Element
• Many other options


Part of the record - XML
• Added as an element in the XML record
• Need an element to put the data in
– <Taxonomy Term>
• Capture the terms when creating the records


Editorial Workflow Integration
Author Submission Module
The author fills in the data to the document template, attaching images
and graphs as necessary

An API calls Data Harmony and generates a list of indexing terms
based on the content


Editorial Workflow Integration
Author Submission Module

Authors review the
indexing and may
change it

Content is stored
into a data
repository as
HTML, XML, etc.


In the HTML record
• Makes it crawl able for the Internet
• Used in CMS applications
– Content Management Systems
• Add to the HTML
– Manually
– In Dreamweaver
– In your CMS like Extron
• Author Submissions Example
• Do the same with SharePoint

META NAME “KEYWORDS”


In Relational Database Table
• Primary key – the record
• Secondary key all the metadata
– Like taxonomy terms
– Like author
– Like publication date
• Used in Oracle, SQL, etc
– Need filed to put the taxonomy data in
• Supports “Faceted Search”
– Each item in a separate field or element or table


Relational database diagram


Using taxonomies in applications
• Improve search • In “indexing” or categorizing,
• Subject browsing as subject metadata
• Mobile intelligence • In content management
• Targeted resources based systems
on subject or user role • In SharePoint
• Link to society resources • In mashups
• Author submission module • In social networking sites
• Author authority database • In author tagging
• Expert reviewer • In filtering data – e.g., spam
identification filters and RSS feeds
• Member profiles • In web crawlers
• Data visualization • Social media - community
• More like this

Why does search fail?
• Most large organizations have 5 search
softwares
– All disappointing and on the shelf
• Inconsistent results
• Unclear path to results
• Lack of single unified clear consistent
vocabulary
• Not tied to data governance
– Taxonomy
– Other metadata

Parts of Search

• Search software
– Inverted Index
– Search algorithms
• Presentation layer
– Search box
– Autocompletion
– Related and narrower terms
– Hierarchical display


Sample DOCUMENT
Outline of Presentation
1 Define key terminology
2 Thesaurus tools
Creating
– Features
an – Functions
Inverted 3 Costs
File Index – Thesaurus construction
– Thesaurus tools
4 Why & when?

Simple inverted file index
The terms from the “outline”
& key
1 of
2 outline
3 presentation
4 terminology
construction thesaurus
costs tools
define when
features
why
functions


Complex inverted file index
Placement location
key - L2, P2, H
& - Stop of - Stop
1 - Stop outline - L1, P1, T
2 - Stop presentation - L1, P3, T
3 - Stop terminology - L2, P3, H
4 - Stop thesaurus - (1) - L3, P1, H
construction - L7, P2, SH (2) - L7, P1, SH
costs - L6, P1, H (3) - L8, P1, SH
define - L2, P1, H tools - (1) - L3, P2, H
features - L4, P1, SH (2) - L8, P2, SH
functions - L5, P1, SH when - L9, P3, H
why - L9, P1, H


Subject browsing

2011.

Targeted resources based on
subject or user role

CONFIDENTIAL

Linked data
CME Activity
on Topic A Upcoming
Other Journal Conference
Articles on on Topic A
Topic A

Job Posting
Journal for Expert
Article on on Topic A
Topic A

Grant Available for Podcast Interview
Researchers with Researcher
Working on Topic A Working on Topic A

Author Networks
Social Networking


Link to society resources
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention Related Press Releases
•How What and How Much We Eat (And Drink) Affects Our
Vol. 12, 161-164, Risk of Cancer
February 2003 •Novel COX-2 Combination Treatment May Reduce Colon
© 2003 American Association for Cancer Research Cancer Risk Combination Regimen of COX-2 Inhibitor and
Fish Oil Causes Cell Death
Short Communications •COX-2 Levels Are Elevated in Smokers

Alcohol, Folate, Methionine, and Risk of Incident Breast
Cancer in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Related AACR Workshops and Conferences
•Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research
Study II Nutrition Cohort •Continuing Medical Education (CME)
Heather Spencer Feigelson1, Carolyn R. Jonas, Andreas S. •Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics
Robertson, Marjorie L. McCullough, Michael J. Thun and Related Meeting Abstracts
Eugenia E. Calle Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance •Association between dietary folate intake, alcohol intake, and
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C
Research, American Cancer Society, National Home Office, polymorphisms and subsequent breast
Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4251 •Folate, folate cofactor, and alcohol intakes and risk for
colorectal adenoma
•Dietary folate intake and risk of prostate cancer in a large
Recent studies suggest that the increased risk of breast cancer prospective cohort study
associated with alcohol consumption may be reduced by
adequate folate intake. We examined this question among Related Education Book Content
66,561 postmenopausal women in the American Cancer Society
Related Working Groups Think Tank Report Oral Contraceptives, Postmenopausal Hormones,
•FinancePrevention Study II NutritionRelated Think Tank Report
Cancer Cohort. and Breast Cancer
•Charter Content Physical Activity and Cancer
•Molecular Epidemiology Webcasts Hormonal Interventions: From Adjuvant Therapy to
Related Awards Related Webcasts Breast Cancer Prevention
•AACR-GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Cancer Research
Scholar Awards
•ACS Award
•Weinstein Distinguished Lecture

Authors at a place


Member profile tagging

User pastes or
uploads CV

Button to auto-
extract taxonomy
attributes

2011.

User uploads a document
to SharePoint space
Adding terms
to SharePoint

Before uploading to Data Harmony
SharePoint server, the automatically attaches
EventHandler sends the indexing terms before
document to Data uploading to MOSS
Harmony.

TaxoTerm Server Microsoft
Data Harmony Returns subject SharePoint
(M.A.I.) metadata Server 2010

108


SharePoint 2010 only shows 10 lines of
the taxonomy
This add on makes it all viewable

109

Taxonomies added in
search example
Core Architectural Components
Administrator’s
Dashboard

FAST MANAGEMENT API

Web WEB SEARCH
Content CRAWLER SERVER Vertical
Pipeline

QUERY API
Query Applications
FILE Pipeline

PROCESSOR
Files,
TRAVERSER

QUERY
Documents
CONTENT API

Portals
DATABASE
PROCESSOR
DOCUMENT

Databases CONNECTOR Index DB
Results Custom
EMAIL FILTER Alerts Front-Ends
Email,
Groupware CONNECTOR SERVER

Mobile

Search harmony
Custom Content CUSTOM
Devices
Applications Push CONNECTOR

Agent DB
MAIstro

Use taxonomy terms here
Data Harmony Governance API


Autosuggestion of taxonomy terms
Allow for manual
review of auto-
Populate
tagging for
Keywords,
quality
Descriptors,
assurance.
Indexing terms,
etc.


More Innovations
• Link topic to article to author to event
• Make visual links within domain
• Enable authors to submit and categorize
conference submissions
• Create author authority database linking to co-
authors, topics, locations, etc.
• Create expert reviewer database
• Create member profiles with alternate names,
publications, tagged by topic
• Visualize data and domain distribution
• Display interest connections in social network
• Deliver accurate targeted information through
mobile applications
• Etc.

Taxonomy standards
• Z39.19 (2005) Controlled Vocabularies
• BS 8723 Parts 1 – 5
• ISO25964 Parts 1 - 2
• TAG 37 and 46 standards
• SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization System
• OWL - Web Ontology Language
• AND more!


IT is often Fire, Ready, Aim!
• Choose the hardware
• Choose the software
• Decide on the format
• Convert the data
• Fix the data
• Tack on a taxonomy
• Ignore the standards


Change to Ready, Aim, Fire!

• Follow the data
• Look at the data, format and content
• Design taxonomy for data
• Leverage the standards
• Use taxonomy to tag data
• Choose search and repository software for
data
• Load the data into the system
• Keep your eye on the target

Summary
• We covered the basics
• We talked about the implementation
• Application of the terms to your content
• We reinforced the learning with activities
• No go hear the case studies of the next two
days!


Questions?
Heather Hedden Marjorie M.K. Hlava
Taxonomy Consultant President
Hedden Information Management Access Innovations, Inc.
www.hedden-information.com www.accessinn.com
www.accidental-taxonomist.com www.data-harmony.com

heather@hedden.net mhlava@accessinn.com
978-467-5195 505-998-0800

Taxonomy Fundamentals Workshop

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