Bio medical waste management

1. A VISIT REPORT ON
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT PLANT,
P ADARSH ABHIJIT (FINAL YEAR)
KALINGA INSTITUTE OF DENTAL
SCIENCES

2. CONTENTS
1. OVERVIEW
2. DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGIES
3. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT STEPWISE
4. TRANSPORT
5. COLLECTION
6. SEGREGATION
7. INCINERATION
8. AUTOCLAVING
9. SHREDDER
10. LANDFILL
11. CONCLUTION
12. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. OVERVIEW:-
NECESSITY FOR BIO-MEDICAL
WASTE TREATMENAT:-
1.Exposure to hazardous health-care waste can result in
disease or due to:
>it contains infectious agents
>it contains toxic or hazardous chemicals or
pharmaceuticals
>it contains sharps
>it is genotoxic
>it is radio active
The MAIN groups at risk are:
>medical doctors, nurses.
>patients in health care establishment
>workers
>visitors

4. WASTE CATEGORY
TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1
Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2
Animal Waste
Category No. 3
Microbiology &
Biotechnology Waste
Category No. 4
Waste Sharps
Category No. 5
Discarded Medicine and
Cytotoxic drugs
Category No. 6
Soiled Waste
Category No. 7
Solid Waste
Category No. 8
Liquid Waste
Category No. 9
Incineration Ash
Category No.10
Chemical Waste

5. COLOR
CODE
TYPE OF
CONTAINER
WASTE
CATEG
ORY
TREATMENT
OPTIONS
Yellow Plastic bags 1, 2, 3 and
6
Incineration/dee
p burial
Red Disinfected
container/plastic
bag
3, 6 & 7 Autoclaving/Mi
cro
Waving/Chemic
al treatment
Blue/whi
te
transpare
nt
Plastic
bags/puncture
proof container
4 & 7 Autoclaving/Mi
cro
waving/chemica
l treatment,
Destruction &
shredding
Black Plastic bag 5, & 9,
AND
10
(SOLID)
Disposal in
secured land
fills

6.  ANY WASTE WHICH IS GENERATED DURING THE DIAGNOSIS,
TREATMENT OR IMMUNIZATION OF HUMAN BEINGS OR
ANIMALS OR IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES PERTAINING THERE TO
OR IN THE PRODUCTION OR TESTING OF BIO MEDICALS.
DEFINITION :
INTRODUCTION
STEPS OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
TREATMENT OF WASTE
COLLECTION ANAD SEGREGATION
TRANSPORTATION

7. 1.Transportation:
• There should be separate corridor and lift in hospital to
carry and transport waste.
• General waste are deposited at municipal dumps.
• Waste for autoclaving and incineration are dumped at
separate site for external trasport (should have separate
coloured plastic bag for these waste)
• Transportation should be done in sealed
container/sanitation supervisor should ensure for leakage

8. 2.Collection and segregation of waste:
• Centralized sanitation staffs or any other sanitation staffs
should collect the waste during morning afternoon or evening
under the supervision of nursing staff and sanitation supervisor;
documentation should be done in register; Garbage bin should
be cleaned and disinfected regularly.
• Done at point of Generation of waste and put in separate
coloured bags . Color coding varies from nation to nation.

9. 3.Treatment & Disposal Technologies:
A . Incineration
B . Chemical Disinfection
C . Wet and dry thermal treatment
D . Microwave irradiation
E . Land disposal
F . Inertization
A . INCINERATION :
• High tempreture dry oxidation process that reduce organic
and combustible waste into inorganic incombustible
matter. Resulting in significant reduction in waste volume
and weight.
• Process is selected to treat waste that cannot be recycled ,
reused or can be disposed in land.

10. (I)VENTURI SCRUBBER
SYSTEM:
• The venture scrubber shall have minimum pressure drop of
350mm to achieve the prescribed emission limit.
• It should be preferably made of stainless steel 316L grade or
better material or mild steel lined with acid resistant bricks to
avoid corrosion.
• The water to be used should b added with caustic soda solution
to mainatain the pH of scrubbing liquid above 6.5.

11. (II)SLUGDES:
• Sludge is a semi-solid slurry and can be produced as sewage
sludge from wastewater treatment processes or as a settled
suspension obtained from conventional drinking water
treatment and numerous other industrial processes.
(III)EXHAUSTED GAS TO ATMOSPHERE :
• Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the
combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline,
petrol, biodiesel blends, diesel fuel, fuel oil, or coal.

12. B.AUTOCLAVING:
• An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to carry out
industrial processes requiring elevated temperature and
pressure different from ambient air pressure.
• Autoclaves are used in medical applications to perform
sterilization and in the chemical industry to cure
coatings and vulcanize rubber and for hydrothermal
synthesis. They are also used in industrial applications,
especially regarding composites.

13. 5.SHREDDER:
• The non-infectious Biomedical waste shredding machine is
used to destroy waste such as Syringes, scalpels, glass vials,
blades, plastics, catheters, broken ampules, intravenous
sets/bottles, blood bags, gloves, bandages etc.
• Shredding is a process by which waste is de shaped or cut in
to smaller pieces, so as to make the waste unrecognizable. It
helps in prevention of reuse of non-infectious Biomedical
waste and also acts as identifier that the waste is safe to
depose off.

14. 6.LANDFILL:
A . Open Dumps: risk for public health
B . Sanitary landfills: designed and constructed to prevent
contamination of soil , surface, ground water and direct
contact with public.

15. Conclusion:-
• This visit gave us the knowledge about the Bio-
Medical waste management on larger scale.
• Well explained by the manager of the plant.
• The Bio-Medical Waste generated from the
hospitals and all other source will be
treated without polluting the environment.
• All the above treatment and disposal
process is done within the norms of CPCB
& guidelines.
• The remaining material after incineration
is safely disposed according to the CPCB
guidelines.
• Incineration of Bio-Medical Waste is one
of the techno- economical viable scheme,
which have many advantages such as
significant volume reduction, weight
reduction & also ability to manage most
types of wastes with little processing
before treatment.