1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN
CHINA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
“Our environment, the world in which we live and work, is a
mirror of our attitudes and expectations.”- Earl Nightingale
13. China Environmental
Policy History
• Comprehensive
environmental laws
and MEA
14. China Environmental
Policy History
• Comprehensive
environmental laws
and MEA
• 11th 5th-year plan =
20% increase in
energy productivity
by 2020.
15. China Environmental
Policy History
• Comprehensive • 16% of China’s
environmental laws energy from
and MEA renewable sources
• 11th 5th-year plan =
20% increase in
energy productivity
by 2020.
16. China Environmental
Policy History
• Comprehensive • 16% of China’s
environmental laws energy from
and MEA renewable sources
• 11th 5th-year plan = • 10% decrease in
20% increase in emissions by 2010
energy productivity
by 2020.
17. China Environmental
Policy History
• Comprehensive • 16% of China’s
environmental laws energy from
and MEA renewable sources
• 11th 5th-year plan = • 10% decrease in
20% increase in emissions by 2010
energy productivity
• PROBLEM: Lack of
by 2020.
environmental enforcement,
compliance and
implementation
18. Constraints on
Implementation
Policy Makers give
Lack of Knowledge Credibility Low Priority to
Behavioral Change
Funding National Curricula External Influences
Measuring Success
19. Hypothesis
Effective
Programs aimed at behavioral
Improved
change and improving public
Implementation
participation through
environmental
of Chinese
Environmental Education
awareness and
Campaigns for both local
Environmental
government officials and the
stewardship
Polices
general public
• How does energy education improve
implementation of environmental polices?
20. Literature Review
• OECD (2005), Environment and Governance in China in China in the World
Economy: Governance in China
Public Participation in Environmental Governance in China. Tianbao, Qin,
•
and Zhao Xiaobo.
Joint US-China Cooperation on Clean Energy. JUCCCE. www.juccce.com
•
• China Environmental Awareness Program- 2007 China General Public
Environmental Survey
• Mind the Gap: Why do People Act Environmentally and what are the barriers
to pro-environment behavior Anja Kollmuss & Julian Agyeman
21. How do you improve environmental
policy implementation?
• Economic Incentives- taxes, subsides,
user fees, carbon trading, etc...
• Education- to improve public
participation, local government officials
and general public’s environmental
awareness
22. How do you improve environmental
policy implementation?
• Economic Incentives- taxes, subsides,
user fees, carbon trading, etc...
• Education- to improve public
participation, local government officials
and general public’s environmental
awareness
23. Why Education?
Has the scope to inspire young people and influence their wider social community via family and friends
• Environmental
600000
Awareness on the
rise in China 450000
• Increase awareness
300000
of new technologies
• Offers feasible 150000
solutions
1998 0
2004
Needs enabling and supportive environment
Environmental Letters of Complaints in China
*Statistics from Chinese National Statistics Databank
24. Public Participation in
Environment Protection
Activities in China
20 90
T
68
C I
15
A N
P
M
V T
U 45 N
10 P E
B E C
W
A A
R
L S
23 M
I N P P
I
5 A R
A
G E
C P A
I
0 E D
G
N T Handouts
R I
N
WORK NGO
S O
0 2007
2007
Passive Participation
Active Participation
chinese environmental awareness program
25. A change in KNOWLEDGE does not equal a change in
BEHAVIOR
26. Early Model of Pro-Environmental
Environmental
Behavior
Knowledge
Environmental
Attitude
...circa 1970
Pro-Environmental
Behavior
28. Social Behavioral Change Theory
Social Maintenance Legal
Personal Behavior Change
Action
Political
Cultural
Preparation
Resources
Contemplation
Ethical/Spiritual
Pre-contemplation
29. National Renewable Energy Laboratory RnE2EW Bus
•Builton Partnerships
•Travels Nationally
•Eco-Friendly
•Trained Experts
30. Polish Energy Bus
2002-2005
•Built on Partnerships
•Converted Metro Bus
•Trained Experts
Wide Audience
•
•Variety of Learning Mediums
44. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
Target Groups
General Public
Students
Local Gov’t Officials
Communities
45. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
Target Groups
General Public
Students
Local Gov’t Officials
Communities
46. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
Possibilities
Target Groups
General Public
Students
Local Gov’t Officials
Communities
47. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
Possibilities
Target Groups
Role General Public
Students
Local Gov’t Officials
Communities
48. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
Possibilities
Target Groups
Role General Public
Students
Local Gov’t Officials
Tools and
Communities
Instruments
49. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
Possibilities
Target Groups
Role General Public
Students
Local Gov’t Officials
Tools and
Communities
Instruments
Significance
50. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
Possibilities
Target Groups
Role General Public
Students
Local Gov’t Officials
Tools and
Communities
Instruments
Significance
Resources
51. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
“Hands On”
Possibilities
Presentations
Target Groups
Role General Public
Students
Local Gov’t Officials
Tools and
Communities
Instruments
Significance
Resources
52. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
“Hands On”
Possibilities
Presentations
Target Groups
Role General Public
Students Workshops
Local Gov’t Officials
Tools and
Communities
Instruments
Significance
Resources
53. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
“Hands On”
Possibilities
Presentations
Target Groups
Role General Public
Students Workshops
Local Gov’t Officials
Tools and
Communities
Discussion
Instruments
Sessions
Significance
Resources
54. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
“Hands On”
Possibilities
Presentations
Target Groups
Role General Public
Students Workshops
Local Gov’t Officials
Tools and
Communities
Discussion
Instruments
Sessions
Significance
Expert Talks
Resources
55. Information Dissemination on MEEL
Topics Medium
“Hands On”
Possibilities
Presentations
Target Groups
Role General Public
Students Workshops
Local Gov’t Officials
Tools and
Communities
Discussion
Instruments
Sessions
Significance
Expert Talks
“Take Home”
Resources
Materials
56. Direct and Indirect
Results
Indirect Results
Direct Results
Increased energy consumption
awareness
MEEL
Detailed energy knowledge
base
Access to newest energy
Energy savings
technologies
Change in energy
consumption patterns
Increased number of
Creation of Jobs
trained professionals
Lower Emissions
Increased knowledge base Network of Business and
NGOs
57. Social Behavioral Change
Mobile Energy Education Laboratory
Maintenance
Social Legal
Action
Cultural Political
Preparation
Ethical/Spirtual Contemplation Resources
Pre-contemplation
58. Social Behavioral Change
Mobile Energy Education Laboratory
Maintenance
Social Legal
Action
Cultural Political
Preparation
Ethical/Spirtual Contemplation Resources
Pre-contemplation
59. Social Behavioral Change
Mobile Energy Education Laboratory
Maintenance
Social Legal
Action
Cultural Political
Preparation
Ethical/Spirtual Contemplation Resources
Pre-contemplation
60. Social Behavioral Change
Mobile Energy Education Laboratory
Maintenance
Social Legal
Action
Cultural Political
Preparation
Ethical/Spirtual Contemplation Resources
Pre-contemplation
62. Future
Recommendations
To implement environmental polices in china:
63. Future
Recommendations
To implement environmental polices in china:
• Economic Incentives
64. Future
Recommendations
To implement environmental polices in china:
• Economic Incentives
• Financial
65. Future
Recommendations
To implement environmental polices in china:
• Economic Incentives
• Financial
• Monitoring and Evaluation
66. Future
Recommendations
To implement environmental polices in china:
• Economic Incentives
• Financial
• Monitoring and Evaluation
• Transparency and Frameworks for all
Laws and Regulations
67. Future
Recommendations
To implement environmental polices in china:
• Economic Incentives
• Financial
• Monitoring and Evaluation
• Transparency and Frameworks for all
Laws and Regulations
• Public participation
68. Future
Recommendations
To implement environmental polices in china:
• Economic Incentives
• Financial
• Monitoring and Evaluation
• Transparency and Frameworks for all
Laws and Regulations
• Public participation
69. Future
Recommendations
To implement environmental polices in china:
• Economic Incentives
• Financial
• Monitoring and Evaluation
• Transparency and Frameworks for all
Ed u c a
Laws and Regulations
tio n
• Public participation
71. Be The Change
you Wish To See
in the world
Questions
72. Research Questions
• How does energy education improve
implementation of environmental
polices?
• How do you raise environmental
awareness through education?
Notas del editor
More than 70% of china’s urban waterways are said to be contaminated with chemicals and effluent
China is a coal based economy-- this massive consumption leads to heavy emssions of CO2 which is a major source of acid rain and a global-scale air pollution,. Its coastal waters and regional seas are suffering from an increasing burden of land-based pollution in many areas; Effects every single ecosystem
Addiontally Cities suffer from dangerously high levels of particle matter and green house gases, which effect health and leads to an increase of cancer and respiratory diesases
China, however, remains the second largest contributor of greenhouse gases, and is still the
world’s largest producer and consumer of ozone-depleting substances
Comprehensive environmental laws and MEA- including a clean air act, waste management act and solida hazadours waste act
11th 5th-year plan sets out ambitious targets for 20% increase in energy productivity by 2020. 16% of China’s energy from renewable sources
Overall 10% decrease in emissions by 2010
The main problem is that there lack of strong monitoring, inspection and enforcement capabilities, which leads to the lack of effectiveness of otherwise sound policies, laws and regulations
Comprehensive environmental laws and MEA- including a clean air act, waste management act and solida hazadours waste act
11th 5th-year plan sets out ambitious targets for 20% increase in energy productivity by 2020. 16% of China’s energy from renewable sources
Overall 10% decrease in emissions by 2010
The main problem is that there lack of strong monitoring, inspection and enforcement capabilities, which leads to the lack of effectiveness of otherwise sound policies, laws and regulations
Comprehensive environmental laws and MEA- including a clean air act, waste management act and solida hazadours waste act
11th 5th-year plan sets out ambitious targets for 20% increase in energy productivity by 2020. 16% of China’s energy from renewable sources
Overall 10% decrease in emissions by 2010
The main problem is that there lack of strong monitoring, inspection and enforcement capabilities, which leads to the lack of effectiveness of otherwise sound policies, laws and regulations
Comprehensive environmental laws and MEA- including a clean air act, waste management act and solida hazadours waste act
11th 5th-year plan sets out ambitious targets for 20% increase in energy productivity by 2020. 16% of China’s energy from renewable sources
Overall 10% decrease in emissions by 2010
The main problem is that there lack of strong monitoring, inspection and enforcement capabilities, which leads to the lack of effectiveness of otherwise sound policies, laws and regulations
Comprehensive environmental laws and MEA- including a clean air act, waste management act and solida hazadours waste act
11th 5th-year plan sets out ambitious targets for 20% increase in energy productivity by 2020. 16% of China’s energy from renewable sources
Overall 10% decrease in emissions by 2010
The main problem is that there lack of strong monitoring, inspection and enforcement capabilities, which leads to the lack of effectiveness of otherwise sound policies, laws and regulations
- implementation is important to systematically study as it is a key feature to the policy process and learning from implementation problems can foster learning about better ways to structure policies to ensure that they have the effects that designers of such policies seek.
- top down or bottom up approaches to implementatio
What i hope to accomplish is how one with appropriate mix of programs and polices to can help implement these sound environmental polices.
Behavior change can only take place in the context of an enabling and supportive environment.
To be able to fully adapt these environmental policies need to have own personal ability to understand the impacts of a poor environment has on health and overall wellbeing.
Environmental letters of complaints can be one indicator of environmental protection consciousness. Increase letters of complaints to the governments show increase concern and awareness of what can be done. Although there are no clause in the government laws that will allow
1998 150,000 letters
2004- 600,000 Letters
Since the 1970s with the fall of Mao and the “ opening-up” of the country one can see the runs parrell to an rise in environmental disputes fueled by a sense of indiviudal rights related to increasing openiness and prospering.
50,000 environmental disputes in May 2006 were reported, which ultimately threatens authority
June 2007 citizens of Xiamen a city at the southeastern coast known for it’s eco tourism industry demonstrated aganist the construction of a chemical factory in their city.
In May 2008, citizens of Chengu demonstrated against hte contrstucion of a pterochemcial facorty and oil refinery citing envionmental concerns.
These examples prove that the chinese have the mindset to adapt their behaviour and make a change in their own habits and lifestyle to save the environment from furhter degradation.
The chinese environmental awareness program conducted public environmental survey in 2007 providing details about environmental awareness,raise awareness through the whole nation and provide scientific data on decision making. the respondants were living in both urban and rural areas, ranging in age from 16-69. Exactly 3001 people from 20 provinces
Active Participation
18% participate in environmental public welfare activies
4% work to promote the environment
2% become a member of an NGO
Passive Participation
82% watch environment related programs and documentaries on the internet and TV
47% read environment related newspapers and magaziens
42% look at public welfare ads or slogans
25% Listen to related radio programs
18% recieve related handouts or maunuals on environmental protection
Model made in 2002 in their report called, Mind the Gap: Why do people act in environmentally and what are the barriers to thpro-environmental behaviour
They see environmental knowledge values and attidutes, together with emotional involvemnt as making up a complex, “pro-enviornmental consciousness”
They identify certain factors
Demographics- such as gender and years of education
Longer the education the more extensive the knowledge about environmental issues. But more knowledge doesn’t
Behavioral change is a process that involves both progress and period relapse. Like discussed before behavior change can only take place in the context of an enabling and supportive environment. We are using this model to understand my final possible solution to implementing environmental policy.
Social Features-
Cultural- behaviors and attitudes considered acceptable in given contexts
Ethical and Spiritual- influence of persnal and shared vvalues and disucssion about moral systems
NREL began through a partnership with the US Dept of Energy, Midwest Reserach Institue and BP america. Based in Colorado, but travels all over the United States.
Renewable Energy and Efficiently Education on Wheels
Propane Fueled Van
Educational Outreach Vehicle
Designed to educate students, teachers and the communti in Renewabe energy by proving handson demonstration to both the public and local schools.
2007- one Renew bus reached 65 teachers, 4600 students and 3695 consumers
Refurbished city bus that includes poster displays, shelves of infromational material, dislay areas for demonstration objects and a conference area. Two television screens for visual presetnations and onboard computer facilites. similar projects were found in Berling belgum and the Netherlands. The bus would travel to local commuities, schools, business and other public spaces
Energy bus was an overall success and attracted more than 25,000 visitors by 2004 and by completion 50,000 in 2005.
Those that visited the bus 30% said they wanted to implement the measures immediately whitle 56% said they would implement these measures sometime in the future
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
THe goal of the MEEL and it’s energy campiagns is to increase access to the latest avaliable renewable energy information, technologies, reoources and provide spatially set out learning tools to stuents and teh gneral public
Mayoral Case Study for Joint Us China Cooperation on Clean Energy.
The mayors will recieve these case studies and try to implement these in their local communities.
