2. Key highlights

Gender matters: trees, forests, agroforestry.

Tenure and access rights demands attention.

Dryland agroforestry our future priority.
For example: India, Gran Chaco and Sahel region

3. Gender equity
Gender equity includes
race, ethnicity, language, socioeconomic status, disability or
any other diversities
that defines our individual
identity.

4. Empirical evidence on..
¿
What does agroforestry in dry and
degraded lands mean for smallholders?
¿
Why gender equity in agroforestry
matters?
¿
How local democratic governance
influence gender in agroforestry?

5. Research Area:
semi-arid
tribal India

6. Dryland agroforestry: viable option
 Tenure insecurity; small holders (2acres)
 Climate variability; seasonal migration
 Planting trees a way to claim boundary

7. Gender equity: tenure and access
 245 hh: 85% women lack tenure rights
 Elder women have more access to fruit
trees, fodder shrubs, and fuel wood
 Rules on access to resources changes
during crisis or opportunity
- Climate variability
- Value chain (processed fruits; jatropha)

8. Decision-making in agroforestry
Roles and responsibilities
Men/Women/ Joint
Vulnerability
Managing fodder shrubs
55% joint
32% women
women lead in managing
shrubs in consultation
Soil fertility improvements
68% joint and 20% men
Women lack of knowledge
Fuel wood management
65% women and 21% men
Selection of species and
management by women
Fruits and crop production
67% joint and 26% men
Frequent drought and
market fluctuation = joint
Vegetable garden
72% women
Daily livelihood food
security & men migration
Fencing
35% joint 30% men
Depend on tenure rights;
exclusion of pastoralists
Sale and marketing
45% joint
New arena for both
Information sharing
67% women
Social safety net
Capacity-building on agrofo 43% men
Migration = women active
Technological adaptation
Men are targeted
66% men

9. Political participation
• At democratic local governance women are
passive participants though the ‘quota’ give them
35% political space. Elite women are active.
• At household level, in crisis situation, men and
women play critical role in agroforestry
management.
• Women are active in negotiating marketing deals.

10. Discussion
• Smallholders income increase (men benefit)
• Gendered risk- when value of product
increases men takeover business from women
• Agroforestry has high potential when men and
women are involved in technological
adaptation, marketing and benefit-sharing.

11. Thank you
E-mail: p.bose@cgiar.org
CIAT’s focal contact for gender as a cross-cutting theme for
Forests, Trees, and Agroforestry

12. Conceptual framework
- Identity and Recognition
Fraser (2000): Forms of identity are constructed
through interaction of self-identity (individual
adopts to get recognition), and external
identity (reinforced by dominant group)
and
- Decision making and Gender equity