4. Product Life Cycle Commercial launch Years from Launch Innovation Growth Maturity Decline Profit Sales Volume Maximum Profit Maximum Sales Volume Withdrawn from market Sales Revenue (x1,000,000) Profit Revenue (x100,000) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
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8. Competitive Technology Lifecycle Critical Dimension Time Ex: Vacuum tubes v. transistors : Sail v. steamships Traditional technology Emergent technology