1. "The biggest enemy of health in the
developing world is poverty."

2.  Poverty is hunger.
 Poverty is lack of shelter.
 Poverty is being sick and not
being able to see a doctor.
 Poverty is not having access to
school and not knowing how to
read.
 Poverty is not having a job, is
fear for the future, living one
day at a time.
 Poverty is losing a child to
illness brought about by
unclean water.
 Poverty is powerlessness, lack
of representation and freedom.

3.  Changing trends in a country’s economy
 Environmental problems such as lack of
rainfall.
 Lack of education
 High divorce rate
 Overpopulation
 Epidemic diseases
LACK OF EDUCATION

4.  Poverty Line is drawn on the basis of Expenditure that is necessary to
Secure the Minimum Acceptable Living Standard for Work & Efficiency.
 Since, Food is the most Basic Requirement, thus, Poverty Line is
drawn on the basis of a Minimum Necessary Nutritional Standard
expressed in terms of Calories per Day.
 In India, the Minimum Calories intake of a Person has been put at 2,400
in Rural Area & 2,100 in Urban Area..
 Thus, Government defined a Person with an Income of Less than
Rs.672 (Rural) & Rs.859 (Urban) per month as living below Poverty Line.

5. Rapidly Rising Population:
The population during the last 45 years has increased at the
rate of 2.2% per annum. On average 17 million people are added
every year to its population which raises the demand for
consumption goods considerably.
LowProductivityin Agriculture:
The level of productivity in agriculture is low due to subdivided
and fragmented holdings, lack of capital, use of traditional
methods of cultivation, illiteracy etc. This is the main cause of
poverty in the country.

6.  Relative Poverty :-
 Relative Poverty refers to the Income or Asset Position of one Class or
Group of People in comparison with the other Classes or Groups, or of one
Individual.
 The essential point here is that Poverty of One is Relative to the Richness
of the other.
 For Example, an Average Middle Class Person is Poor when compared to
the Upper Middle Class Person, who in turn, may be poorer than the
Richer Person and so on.

7.  It is associated with a Minimum Level of Living or Minimum
Consumption Requirements of Food, Clothing, Housing, Health, etc.
 All those People who fail to Secure Income or Assets to have
access to even these Minimum Consumption Requirements are
classified as ‘Poor’.
 Is relevant for the Less‐Developed Countries.

8. Price Ri$e:
The continuous and steep price rise has added to the
miseries of poor. It has benefited a few people in the
society and the persons in lower income group find it
difficult to get their minimum needs.
Unemployment:
The continuously expanding army of unemployed
is another cause of poverty. The job seeker is
increasing in number at a higher rate than the
expansion in employment opportunities.

9. Effects on Children
 According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die each day due to poverty.
 Around 27-28 % of all children in developing countries are
estimated to be underweight or stunted.
 For the 1.9 billion children from the developing world, there are:
 640 million without adequate shelter (1 in 3)
 400 million with no access to safe water (1 in 5)
 270 million with no access to health services (1 in 7)
 Worldwide,
 10.6 million died in 2003 before they reached the age of 5 (same
as children population in France, Germany, Greece and Italy)

10. Effects on Education
 Based on enrollment data, about 72 million children of
primary school age in the developing world were not in
school in 2005; 57 per cent of them were girls. And these
are regarded as optimistic numbers.
 Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to
read a book or sign their names.
 121 million out of education worldwide.

11. Political Factors:
The Britishers started lopsided development in
India and reduced Indian economy to a colonial
state. They exploited the natural resources to
suit their interests and weaken the industrial base
of Indian economy.
In independent India, the development plans have
been guided by political interests. Hence, the
planning a failure to tackle the problems of
poverty and unemployment.

12.  Accelerating the growth rate
 Emphasis on rural development
 Development of village and small scale industries
 Direct attack on poverty
 Reducing Inequalities in Income
 Limiting growth rate of population

13. POVERTY IN DIFFERENT STATES OF
INDIA

14. The Government, of India took certain measures to
reduce poverty, inequality of income and wealth in its
five year plan periods. Followings are some steps
taken by the Government, from time to time.
 Integrated Rural Development Programme(IRDP)
 National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)
 Rural Landless Employment Guarantee
Programme (RLEGP)

15.  Jawahar RozgarYojana
 Training of RuralYouth for Self-Employment
 Development of Women and Children.
 Drought Prone Area Programme
 Desert Development Programme
 Minimum Needs Programme
 Employee Guarantee Scheme

16.  Though a sharp bend is seen in poverty rate
from 1981 to 2009 but poverty is still at
large.
 The government makes schemes to
eradicate poverty but poor people are
eradicated instead.
 In order for a bright future we need to
remove poverty completely and build a
‘POVERTY FREE NATION’....

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