19. ● Gadget
● Leak gadget
● Attacker-controlled
● Network API -> x
● Microarchitecture element
● Transmit gadget
● Network latency depends on API execution time (transmit
gadget)
→ Measure the network roundtrip time
● Information
● Memory content of out-of-bounds array
20. Measuring the response time of a simple transmit gadget,
that accesses a certain variable. Only by performing a large
number of measurements, the difference in the response
timings depending on the cache state of the variable
becomes visible. The average values of the two distributions
are shown as dashed vertical lines [2]
22. Problem - how to find a gadget [2]
● Finding Spectre gadgets is still an open problem
● Out of all papers, only 4 show real-world gadgets [3]
● Among them, only 2 Spectre-PHT (v1) gadgets
● Still no fully automated approach
● Tainted flow analysis