1. Clauses
Clause are groups of words that have
subjects and finite verbs. Usually
clauses are introduced by such
relationship words as who, that, so
that, where, but, however. Clauses can
stand by themselves, or they can be
dependent on other structures. Clauses
fall into two categories: Independent
and dependent

2. Independent Clause
• Can stand by itself as a whole complete sentence.
Example: hold tight!
I have too much problems.
You are my friend
• An independent clause can be joined to another independent
clause by punctuation, coordinating conjuctions, or sentence
connectors.
Example: Mrs. Powers spends lavishly; she has an independent
income; unfortunately she has no taste.

3. Dependent clause
• Like phrases, dependent clause function as nouns
and as a modifiers. A dependent clause can be
sometime recognized by its introductory
relationship word.
• Example:
While you were sleeping in a bed, I put your hand
in warm water.
When I hear your voice, my heart begins to melt.

4. What is the difference between the
two Clauses?
•
•
•
•
*Independent clause*
Contains at least a subject and a verb.
Complete thought
Simple sentence
It makes sense

5. *Dependent clause*
Contains at least a subject and a verb.
NOT complete thought
NOT simple sentence
It does NOT make sense

6. How do we know when we have
dependent clause?
• When our sentences have SUBORDINATE
CONJUNCTIONS
• After, although, as, because, before, if, since,
• Though, unless, until, when, whenever, where,
• Wherever, while. Those are what we called
SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS.