2. OUTLINE
• Introduction
• History
• Features
• Android Architecture
• Application Framework
• Libraries
• Android Runtime
• Linux Kernel
• Development Tools
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Conclusion
3. What is Android ?
• Android is a software stack for mobile devices
that includes an operating system,
middleware and key applications.
• The Android sdk provides the tools and APIs
which are necessary for developing
applications on android platform using java
programming language.
4. Why Android was created ?
• Android is free
• Developer can make and customize there own
mobile applications.
5. Introduction
• Open software platform for mobile development
• A complete stack – OS, Middleware, Applications
• An Open Handset Alliance (OHA) project
• Powered by Linux operating system
• Fast application development in Java
• Open source under the Apache 2 license
6. History
• July 2005 - Google acquired Android Inc.
• 5 Nov 2007 - Open Handset Alliance formed-
Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, QUALCOMM-
Mobile
• Android is the OHA first product
• 12 Nov 2007 - OHA released a preview of the
Android OHA
• Founders – Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears
and Chris White
• 23 Sep, 2008 – First Android mobile phone
7. Android Features
• Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit
engine
• SQLite for relational data storage
• Media support for common audio, video, and still image
formats ( MPEG4 , H.264, MP3 , AAC, AMR, JPG , PNG, GIF )
• Dalvik Virtual Machine optimized for mobile devices
• Hardware feature supported – Cellular networking : GSM,
EDGE, 3G (hardware dependent)
• LAN : Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi (hardware dependent)
• Graphics Hardware Acceleration
• Camera, GPS and Compass (hardware dependent)
• Touch screen and accelerometer for motion sensing
9. Application Framework
• Content Providers - enable applications to access data
from other applications (such as Contacts)
• Resource Manager - providing access to non-code
resources
• Notification Manager - enables all applications to
display custom alerts in the status bar
• Activity Manager - manages the lifecycle of
applications
• Package Manager - shows all the applications installed
on your device
• Telephony Manager - For all Calls/SMS/MMS managing
10. Libraries
• Libraries Written in C/C++ -
• System C Library(libc)
• Display/Graphics(SGL) – 2D image engine
• Open GL|ES – 3D image engine
• Media Framework – Core part of Android multimedia
• SQLite – Embedded database
• WebKit – Kernel of Web browser
• Free Type: Bitmap and Vector
• Surface Manager: Manage difference windows for different
applications
• SSL: Secure Socket Layer
11. Linux Kernel
• Linux Version 2.6.x for core system services
• Android uses only “Kernel” portion in Linux
12. Android Runtime
• Core Libraries
• Provides the functionality of the JAVA Programming Language
• Android Application runs in its own process, with its own
instance of the Dalvik virtual machine
• Dalvik VM: Java based license free VM
• Register based VM, optimization for low memory
requirements
• Executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format
• DX tool converts classes to .dex format
13. Development Tools
• The Android Emulator
• DalvikDebug Monitoring Service (DDMS)
• Android Debug Bridge (ADB)
• Traceview
• Android Asset Packaging Tool (aapt)
• sqlite3
• Dx
14. Advantages
• It can run multiple apps at the same time
• It has a better app market(1,80,000 applications)
• It gives you better notifications
• It lets you choose your hardware
• Removable Battery allowing users to secure an
extra battery and swap them out.
• Almost all phones have the removable SD card.
• Cheaper as compared to other smart phones.
15. Disadvantages
• Some phones forces to configure GMAIL
account.
• Does not deliver an on-screen keyboard that’s
capable of supporting multiple language at a
time.
• Google does not support installing apps to the
SD card, so developers are limited in what
they can create.
16. CONCLUSION
• Android is an open source, free development
platform mobile device platform based on Linux
OS.
• Android is open to all: industry, developers and
users
• Participating in many of the successful open
source projects
• Aims to be as easy to build for as the web.
• Google Android is stepping into the next level of
Mobile Internet
