This is the important description of Tectonics of Pakistan in which mostly we focused on Northwestern Himalaya and Ophiolites of Balochistan. I collect this data from various research papers and articles including geoscience websites.

1. Geo-Tectonic of Western Himalaya, Pakistan

2. Indian Plate Movement

3. Cross section of Himalaya

4. Himalayan Belt
Dipietro et al, 2004

5. Tectonic Map of Pakistan
 Tectonic Subdivision of Pakistan
• The Oroclinal trend of the Himalayas is NW-SE in India; it changes to EW in
Pakistan, and becomes NS along the western border of Pakistan
 Greater Himalaya
• Hindukush Range, Nanga Parbat, Karakorum Range and Haramosh Range
• KIA, Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone, MKT, MMT, Shyok Suture Zone,
 Lower Himalaya
• MCT, MBT, Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis, MFT (SRT), Pir Punjal Thrust etc.
 Peshawar Basin
 Kohat- Potwar Plateau
 Bannu Basin
 Indus Basin
• Middle Indus Basin
• Southern Indus Basin
 Fold and Thrust Belt
• Suliman Fold and Thrust Belt
• Kirther Fold and Thrust Belt
• Chaman Fault, Ornach Fault
• Chaghi Arc, Makran Arc

6. Greater Himalaya of Pakistan
• Area between MMT and MKT
• Age is Eocene
• Consists of world highest and most difficult terrain, numerous peaks
and fault and fold system.
• Mostly Consists of Ophiolotes of Cretaceous age according to shah
and Pogue et al. Metamorphosed rocks are in abundant form.
• Naran and Nanga Parbat:- Overly on ITSZ and Underlie on MCT
(Panjal). From South-North Thickness is >10 km, metamorphosed
rocks of Eocene to Oligocene, and Panjal metavolcanics of Permian.

7. Kohistan Arc Complex
 Collison with Asia in Upper Cretaceous 102-75 ma, then India 55-50 ma.
 N-KAC :MKT-Shyok Suture Zone (Northern Suture),
 S-KAC: MMT-Indus Suture Zone
 Age of batholiths, blueschists Upper Cretaceous

8. Tectonic Subdivision of Himalaya
Karakoram range
• Granitic batholiths, KIA age-Late Cretaceous.
• L-600km, W-150 km
• Convex towards the SW Tibet Plateau
The Trans-Himalaya
• L-2700 km b/w Afghanistan and Burma.
• Divide K-Batholith and L-Batholith.
• Situated North of MMT/Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone.
Indus Suture Zone/MMT
• Boundary b/w Indian and Eurasian Plate.
• Ophiolitic sequence of Upper Cretaceous 99.5 ma

9. Greater Himalaya
• Area between MCT and MMT.
• MCT separate from Lesser Himalaya.
• MCT well developed in Central and Eastern Himalaya but in
HKS it is controversial.
Lesser Himalaya
• Area b/w MCT and MBT
• 20 km thickness, Proterozoic gneiss, thick Paleozoic strata and thin
Mesozoic sediments & Cambrian granite.
Sub Himalaya
• Area b/w MBT-SRT
• 7 km thick unmetamorphosed molasse (Siwalik Molasse)

10. Kohat Potwar Fold And Belt Thrust
• Part of Western Lesser Himalayan Fold and Thrust belt.
• W-150 km N-S direction, while N-Highly deformed, central little
and S-deformed at SRT.
• Anticlinal and Synclinal Structures
• Consist of Eocene rocks, Strike slip fault and dextral slip fault

11. Salt Range Northwestern Sub-Himalaya
Museum of Geology
Precambrian – Early Pliocene Rocks are produced

12. EAST BALOCHISTAN FOLD-AND-THRUST BELT
M. Qasim Jaan 2015
EB- Permian-Mesozoic, 10 km thick sequence of Neritic Carbonate shales, Neogene Molasses, Paleogene Cont & Marine Deposits.
WB- Makran Arc (Tertiary convergence of Indian and Arabian oceanic plate), Chagai Arc (Region of Tertiary Convergence between Afghan Block and Arabian
Oceanic Plate). Consist of mélanges, nappes and wide thrusts.

13. Bela Ophiolites and Thrust Belt
Farah and others 1984

14. Zhob Ophiolites and Thrust Belt

15. Muslim Bagh Ophiolites

16. Waziristan Ophiolites

17. Chaman Strike Slip Fault
Active Left Lateral SSF, Northward Kharan-Kabul 850 km. Average movement is 1.9-2.4 cm/y.
Western Transform boundary of Indian Plate.
Connection between Makran Convergence zone and Himalaya Convergence zone.
Kirther Suliman orogenic belt is due to oblique Collison of Indian landmass.

18. Makran Belt
Mokhtari 2011