Anti helmenthic drugs

1. ANTI HELMINTHIC
DRUGS

2. CLASSIFICATION:
 Chemotherapy of Nematodes : Ivermectin
Mebendazole
Albendazole
Piperazine
Tetramisole
Diethyl carbamazine citrate
Pyrantel palmoate
Thiabendazole
 Chemotherapy of Trematodes : Praziquantel
 Chemotherapy of Cestodes : Niclosamide

3. NEMATODES:
 Nematodes are elongated round
worms.
 It possess a complete digestive
system i.e, from mouth to anus.
 These nematodes can cause
infections of intestine, blood &
tissues.

4. DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF
NEMATODES:
MEBENDAZOLE:
 Pin worm (Enterobius vermicularis)
 Hook worm (Nectar americanus)
 Round worm (Ascariasis lumbricoides)
 Whip worm (Trichuris trichuria)

5. MECHANISM OF ACTION:
 Interfere with microtubules
synthesis will leads to stop the
mitosis & also decreases the
glucose uptake.
 Affected parasites are expelled out
from the faeces.

6. ADVERSE EFFECTS:
 Diahorrea.
 Abdominal pain.
CONTRA INDICATIONS:
 In pregnant woman, because it shown
to be embryotoxic & teratogenic in
experimental animals.

7. IVERMECTIN:
 It is the drug of choice which
treats Onchoceriasis (river
blindness) caused by Onchorea
volvulus.
 It is effective against scabies.

8. MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Ivermectin
Targets
GABA receptors of parasite
Chloride ion influx enhanced
Hyper polarization occurs
Paralysis of the worm

9. CONTRA INDICATIONS:
 Patients with MENINGITIS
 Pregnancy
 The killing of microfilaria can results in
Mazotti like reaction

10. TREMATODES:
 These are the leaf shaped flatworms.
 These are called as flukes.
 They are generally characterized by the
tissues they infect.
Eg: Liver, lung, intestinal or blood flukes.

11. DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT
OF TREMATODES:
PRAZIQUANTEL:
 Trematode infections are generally
treated with praziquantel.
 It is a drug of choice to treat
Schistosomiasis & cestode infections
like Cysticercosis.

12. MECHANISM OF ACTION:
 Permeability of the cell
membrane to calcium ion is
increased.
 This leads to contraction and so
paralysis of the parasite occurs.

13. ADVERSE EFFECTS :
 Dizziness
 GI Upset
 Malaise
 Anorexia
 Drowsiness

14. CONTRA INDICATIONS:
 It is not used for pregnant woman.
 It is not used for the treatment of Ocular
cysticercosis since destruction of the
organism in the eye may damage the
organ.

15. CESTODES:
 These are flat, segmented body &
attach to host intestine.
 These are called as True Tapeworms.
 Like Trematodes, the tapeworms lack a
mouth and digestive tract through out
their life cycle.

16. DRUGS USED FOR THE TREATMENT
OF CESTODES:
NICLOSAMIDE:
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
 It inhibits parasites mitochondrial
anaerobic phosphorylation of ADP and
produces energy in the form of ATP.
 This is lethal for the cestode’s scolex
and segments of cestodes but not for
the ova.

17.  A laxative is administered prior to oral
administration of Niclosamide.
 This is done to purge the bowel of all
dead segments in order to preclude
the digestion & liberation of ova, leads
to “Cysticercosis”.
 Alcohol should be avoided within one
day of Niclosamide.

18. THANK YOU…
By
Keerthi.Rangana