1. Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)

2. 1. Introduction
2. Personnel at Rig Site
3. Rotary Drilling System

4. 2 drilling goals
to build the well according to its purpose and in a
safe manner
(i.e, avoiding personal injuries
and avoiding technical problems)
to complete it with minimum cost
Thereto the overall costs of the well during its lifetime in
conjunction with the field development aspects shall be
minimized.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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5. Parameters
The overall cost minimization, or optimization, may
influence
the location from where the well is drilled,
(e.g., an extended reach onshore or above reservoir offshore),
the drilling technology applied,
(e.g., conventional or slim–hole drilling, overbalanced or
underbalanced, vertical or horizontal, etc),
and which evaluation procedures are run to gather
subsurface information to optimize future wells.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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6. drilling technologies
To build a hole, different drilling technologies have been invented:
 Percussion drilling
 Cable drilling
 Drillstring
“Pennsylvanian drilling”
• With mud
Quick percussion drilling
• Without mud “Canadian drilling”
 Rotating drilling
(Will be discussed exclusively)
 Full cross-section drilling
• Surface driven
o Rotary bit
o Rotary nozzle
• Subsurface driven
o Turbine drilling
o Positive displacement motor drilling
o Electro motor drilling
 Annular drilling
 Diamond coring
 Shot drilling
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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7. drilling technologies (Cont.)
Special techniques
Abrasive jet drilling
Cavitating jet drilling
Electric arc and plasma
drilling
Electric beam drilling
Electric disintegration
drilling
Explosive drilling
Flame jet drilling
Implosion drilling
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Laser drilling
REAM drilling
Replaceable cutterhead
drilling
Rocket exhaust drilling
Spark drilling
Subterrene drilling
Terra drilling
Thermal-mechanical
drilling
Thermocorer drilling
Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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8. Rig Classification
Rotary
Drilling Rigs
Land
Mobile
Jackknife
Marine
Bottom
Supported
Conventional
Portable
Mast
Platform
Self
Contained
Jack-Up
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Floating
Tendered
Drill Ship
Semi
Submersible
Caisson
Vessel
Barge
Tension Leg
Submersible
Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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9. Land: Mobile Rigs
Jackknife rig
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Portable mast
Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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10. Marine:
Bottom Supported Platform rigs
Self Contained
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Tendered
Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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11. Marine:
Other Bottom Supported rigs
A cantilever rig on a barge
A Jack–Up rig
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A submersible platform
Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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12. Marine: Floating rigs
A drill–ship
Semi–
submersible
vessel
Caisson vessel
(also called
sparbuoy) and
Diagram of a
spar–buoy
A tension–
leg platform
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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14. Personnels
People directly involved in drilling a well are
employed either by
the operating company,
the drilling contractor,
or one of the service and supply companies
The operating company is the owner of the
lease/block and principal user of the services
provided by the drilling contractor and the different
service companies.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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15. Tasks
Since drilling contractors are companies that
perform the actual drilling of the well, their main
job is to drill a hole to the depth/location and
specifications set by the operator.
Along with hiring a drilling contractor, the operator
usually employs various service and supply
companies to perform
logging,
cementing,
or any other special operations, including maintaining
the drilling fluid in its planed condition.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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16. drilling crews
Most drilling crews consist of
a tool pusher,
a driller,
a derrickman,
a mud logger,
and two or three rotary helpers
(also called floormen or roughnecks).
Along with this basic crew configuration the
operator sends usually a representative, called
company man to the rig.
For offshore operations the crews usually consist of
many more employees.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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17. crew requirements
Tool Pusher:
 supervises all drilling operations and is the leading man of the drilling
contractor on location.
Company Man:
 The company man is in direct charge of all company’s activities on the
rig site.
 He is responsible for the drilling strategy as well as the supplies and
services in need. His decisions directly effect the progress of the well.
Driller:
 The driller operates the drilling machinery on the rig floor and is the
overall supervisor of all floormen.
 He reports directly to the tool pusher and is the person who is most
closely involved in the drilling process.
 He operates, from his position at the control console, the rig floor
brakes, switches, levers, and all other related controls that influence the
drilling parameters.
 In case of a kick he is the first person to take action by moving the bit
off bottom and closing the BOP.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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18. crew requirements (Cont.)
Derrick Man:
 The derrickman works on the so–called monkeyboard, a small platform
up in the derrick, usually about 90 ft above the rotary table.
 When a connection is made or during tripping operations he is handling and
guiding the upper end of the pipe.
 During drilling operations the derrickman is responsible for maintaining and
repairing the pumps and other equipment as well as keeping tabs on the drilling
fluid.
Floormen:
 During tripping, the rotary helpers are responsible for handling the
lower end of the drill pipe as well as operating tongs and wrenches to
make or break up a connection.
 During other times, they also maintain equipment, keep it clean, do
painting and in general help where ever help is needed.
Mud Engineer, Mud Logger:
 The service company who provides the mud almost always sends a mud
engineer and a mud logger to the rig site. They are constantly
responsible for logging what is happening in the hole as well as
maintaining the proper mud conditions.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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19. Well Classifications
According to a wells final depth, it can be classified
into:
Shallow well: < 2000m
Conventional well: 2 000m – 3500m
Deep well: 3500m – 5000m
Ultra deep well: > 5 000m
With the help of advanced technologies in
MWD/LWD and extended reach drilling techniques,
horizontal departures of more than10000m are
possible today.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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22. Typical rig components
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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23. rig systems
For all rigs, the depth of the planned well
determines basic rig requirements. The most
important rig systems are:
Power system,
Hoisting system,
Drilling fluid circulation system,
Rotary system,
Derrick and substructure,
Well control system,
Well monitoring system
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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24. drilling process
In rotary drilling, the rock is destroyed by the action
of rotation and axial force applied to a drilling bit.
The drilling bit is located at the end of a drill string
which is composed of drill pipes (also called joints
or singles), drill collars, and other specialized drilling
tools.
Drill collars are thick walled tubes responsible for
applying the axial force at the bit.
Rotation at the bit is usually obtained by rotating the
whole drill string from the surface.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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25. A simplified drillstring
The lower portion of the drill
string, composed of
drill collars
and specialized drilling tools,
are called bottom hole
assembly (BHA).
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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26. drilling process (Cont.)
A large variety of bit models and designs are available
in industry. The choice of
the right bit, based on the characteristics of the formations to
be drilled,
and the right parameters (weight on bit and rotary speed)
are the two most basic problems the drilling engineer
faces during drilling planning and drilling operation.
The cuttings are lifted to the surface by the drilling
fluid.
At the surface, the cuttings are separated from the
drilling fluid by several solid removal equipment.
Drilling mud is picked up by the system of pumps and
pumped again down the hole.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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27. connection
As drilling
progresses, new
joints are added
to the top of the
drill string
increasing its
length, in an
operation called
connection.
A pipe slips is
used to transfer
the weight of
the drillstring
from the hook to
the master
bushing.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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28. round trip
As the bit gets dull, a round trip is performed to
bring the dull bit to the surface and replace it by a
new one.
A round trip is performed also to change the BHA.
The drillstring is also removed to run a casing
string. The operation is done by removing stands of
two (“doubles”), three (“thribbles”) or even four
(“fourbles”) joints connected, and stacking them
upright in the rig.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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29. Removing one stand of drillstring
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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30. wiper trip
Sometimes the drillstring is not completely run out
of the hole.
It is just lifted up to the top of the open-hole
section and then lowered back again while
continuously circulating with drilling mud.
Such a trip, called wiper trip,
is carried out to clean the hole from remaining cuttings
that may have settled along the open–hole section.
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Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.)
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31. 1. Jorge H.B. Sampaio Jr. “Drilling Engineering
Fundamentals.” Master of Petroleum
Engineering. Curtin University of Technology,
2007. Chapter 1 and 2

32. 1. Power System
2. Hoisting System:
A. Introduction
B. The Block & Tackle
a.
Mechanical advantage and Efficiency