Carol Vernallis' music video theory focuses on four key concepts: narrative, editing, camera movements/framing, and diegesis. For narrative, the video visually reflects the song lyrics but the narrative may be incomplete or displayed in fragments. Editing techniques include jump cuts, cutting with lyrics, extreme pace changes, and juxtaposed frames. Camerawork features establishing shots and close-ups that are reused, and camera movements sync with lyrics. The diegesis or world of the video is revealed slowly through repetitions and some important frames.

2. 
 Carol Vernallis theory is based around four key
concepts that all relate to the way a music video is
manufactured, these concepts are:
o Narrative
o Editing
o Camera Movement and Framing
o Diegesis
Theory

3. 
 Carol Vernallis when describing her theory
particularly the narrative aspect, suggests that the
video is a visual response to the narrative. Therefore
whatever is happening onscreen reflects the choice
of lyrics that the artist is singing. However Vernallis
then goes on to say how the narrative may not
always be completed and can be partial with the
video appearing disjointed, disconnected and appear
in fragments. Finally although the video may have a
narrative, it is probably displayed in a montage style,
rather than in one clear focus.
Narrative

4. 
 She suggests that all videos follow the same editing
techniques. The editing may also be bought to the
foreground, become visible and not hidden. Most
videos will include:
 Jump Cuts
 Cutting with the lyrics
 Extreme changes in pace
 Juxtaposed Frames
 Graphic Matches
Editing

5. 
 Vernallis states that establishing shots are one of the
key camera features of a music video and are reused
frequently throughout a music video as well as close
up shots, usually to show off the singer/band. The
style of framing of the video again is quite distinctive
to the video and also the camera may move in time
with the lyrics.
Camera Movements and
Framing

6. 
 In terms of media the diegesis is the world of the
music video. Carol Vernallis explains how the
diegesis will be revealed quite slowly. There will be
many repetitions throughout the video and some
frames will appear more important than others due to
the way they have been shot/framed.
Diegesis