9 History - Movement of people - Agricultural Revolution

1. MOVEMENT
OF PEOPLE
Y E A R 9 H I S TO R Y
M I S S N E W M A N

2. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
The Agricultural Revolution caused British people to move
from villages to towns and cities to create a cheap labour
force.
Let’s brainstorm and then investigate the key events of the
Agricultural Revolution.

3. AGRICULTURAL
REVOLUTION
Mind map: what do you know about this term?

4. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
The Agricultural Revolution was a period of technological
improvement and increased crop productivity that began
around the turn of the 18th century and continued until
the early 19th century in Britain and Europe.
There were three key changes:
• Bigger farms (through enclosures and land reclamation
• Better equipment
• Better techniques (crop rotation and breeding)

5. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Bigger farms
• The passing of the Enclosure Laws limited the common
land available to small farmers in 1760. Many small
individually owned farms were bought or taken away
from poorer farmers and turned into large enclosed
farms for richer farmers.
• This led to more people looking for homes and
work to feed their family.
• Farms also increased as land was reclaimed through
clearing forests, draining marshlands and introducing
new techniques to enrich poor soil to make it useable.

6. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Bigger farms

7. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Better Equipment
• The Seed Drill (1700): Jethro Tull invented this to plant seeds in a
neat row. This improved germination by making furrows, dropping
seed into them, and covering them. More efficient with time and
seeds.

8. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Better Equipment
A threshing machine or thresher is a piece of farm equipment that threshes grain - it
removes the seeds from the stalks and husks by beating the plant to make the seeds
fall out. Before this machine, threshing was done by hand and was very laborious and
time-consuming, taking about one-quarter of agricultural labour by the 18th
century. Early threshing machines were hand-fed and horse-powered. They were
by today's standards and were about the size of an upright piano. Later machines
were steam-powered, driven by a portable engine or traction engine.
1786 - first threshing machine invented by Scottish engineer Andrew Meikle.
1810 - Isaiah Jennings created a small thresher that doesn't harm the straw
1834 - John Avery and Hiram Abial Pitts - automatically threshes and separates grain
from chaff
Threshing machine from 1881
The Swing Riots in the UK were partly a result of the threshing machine.
These farm labourers had faced unemployment for a number of years due
to the widespread introduction of the threshing machine and the policy of
enclosing fields.
As rich tenant farmers introduced efficient agricultural machine, they no
longer needed the thousands of men that previously tended the crops,
only a few would suffice. As there was an oversupply of farm workers,
wages were progressively lowered.
The farm labourers finally revolted in 1830. With fewer jobs, lower wages
and no prospects of things improving for these workers the threshing
machine was the final straw, the machine was to place them on the brink of
starvation. The Swing Rioters smashed threshing machines and threatened
farmers who had them.
The riots were dealt with very harshly. Nine of the rioters were hanged and

9. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Better Techniques: Crop Rotation
When fields were left empty, soil becomes fallow (empty of
nutrients).
A new crop rotation system was introduced which allowed the
lands to be used continually, improving the nitrogen in the soil by
growing four different crops over four years.

10. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Better Techniques: selective breeding

11. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Effects of the Agricultural Revolution
• Agricultural production increased
• Increased production of food helped create a
rapid growth of population
• Large farms began to dominate agriculture with
machines and scientific methods. Farming
became big business.
• Small farms declined  farmers declined 
farmers moved to the cities  populations of
cities increased rapidly

12. ICT TASK: DOES THE
PUNISHMENT FIT THE CRIME?
1. Research crime and punishment in Britain from 1750-1900.
2. Create VIPs from your readings. You can do this:
a) on your computer using Word or OneNote – make sure you save to a
or email to your teacher: alexandra.newman@det.nsw.edu.au; or
b) by writing the VIPs in your workbook.
3. Make sure you reference the website that you got each piece of
from.
Helpful websites:
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13. DOES THE PUNISHMENT FIT
THE CRIME?
1. Discussion: what is a TEEEC paragraph?
2. Review VIP points collect last lesson
3. Class to create common introduction paragraph
4. Students t

14. CITY OVERPOPULATION =
PRISON OVERPOPULATION
England's prisons are over-crowded.
Numbers are swelled by debtors and in the later part of
the century prisoners of war from the conflicts with
Napoleonic France.
Derelict ships or "hulks" in the Thames and southern ports
are used as floating prisons
In response to the severe pressure on the prison system -
and as an apparently more humane punishment than
execution - transportation to North America is developed.

15. SLAVE TRADE
• READ ‘Slave Trade’
• INSERT map here
SOURCE: History 9, p41

16. TIMELINE
SOURCE: History 9, p41
• Using the information from reading & discussion of ‘Slave Trade’ students
START a timeline of activities that record the movement of slaves out of
Africa

17. EUROPEAN MIGRATION
TO AUSTRALIA
SOURCE: History 9, p41
• READ ‘European Migration to Australia’
• INSERT map here

18. TIMELINE
SOURCE: History 9, p41
• Using the information from the reading & discussion of ‘European migration
to Australia’ students ADD TO their timeline of activities to record the
movement of convicts & free settlers out of Britain.