1. General Anesthesia Osama Ali Ibraheim, MD King Saud University

2. General anesthetics have been performed since 1846 when Morton demonstrated the first anesthetic (using ether) in Boston, USA. Local anesthetics arrived later, the first being scientifically described in1884 .

3. General anesthesia is described as a reversible state of unconsciousness with inability to respond to a standardized surgical stimulus. In modern anesthetic practice this involves the triad of: unconsciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation .

7. Preoperative anesthetic evaluation Risks of Anesthesia

9. Anesthetic plan Premed Intraoperative Postoperative management management General Monitoring Pain control PONV Airway management Positioning Complications Induction Fluid management postop ventilation Maintenance Special techniques Hemodynanic monit Muscle relaxation

12. Airway exam Mallampati classification Class I: uvula, faucial pillars, soft palate visible Class II: faucial pillars, soft pillars visible Class III: soft and hard palate visible Class IV: hard palate visible

13. Sniffing position

14. Mask and airway tools

15. Mask ventilation and intubation

16. Oral and nasal airway

17. Intubation

18. Intubation

19. Laryngeal view

20. Laryngeal view scoring system

21. Difficult airway

22. Fiberoptic scope intubation

23. Trachea view Carina view

24. Glidescope

25. Fast track LMA

26. LMA

36. Case Report Arterial oxygen desaturation following PCNL 大林慈濟醫院麻醉科 陳炳碩

41. Preop

46. Immed. Postop

47. Preop Immed. Postop

49. s/p pigtail

50. Immed. Postop s/p pigtail