3. NONVASCULAR PLANTS
Nonvascular: These plants lack vascular tissue to
transport water and nutrients.
They rely on simple diffusion to move water, and must
live in a moist environment.
Cannot grow very tall because they lack vascular
tissue.
Lack true roots, stems, or leaves. Some have
root-like structures called rhizoids
Includes Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
5. NONVASCULAR PLANTS
Life Cycle:
The gametophyte is the dominant generation
Does not utilize seeds, but uses wind blown
spores to disperse the offspring.
Flagellated sperm requires water to reach and
fertilize the egg; another reason why they must
live in a moist area.
8. VASCULAR PLANTS
Vascular plants have specialized structures:
Roots, stems, and leaves
Differentiated tissues: meristematic, ground,
vascular, and dermal tissues.
Can grow much taller than nonvascular plants due
to their vascular structures.
The life cycle has a dominant sporophyte
generation, in contrast to the dominant
gametophyte in nonvascular plants
9. TISSUES
Vascular plants have differentiated tissues that
perform separate but important functions.
Meristematic Tissue: consists of cells that grow and
divide repeatedly.
Vascular Tissue: these cells form the xylem and
phloem that transport water and nutrients
Ground Tissue: has cells that are rich in chloroplasts
and conducts photosynthesis
Dermal Tissue: these cells protect the vascular
structures of the plant.
11. MAIN PLANT PARTS
Roots
Stems
Leaves
All of these parts contain dermal vascular and ground
tissues.
12. THE ROOTS
Functions:
Anchoring
Absorption
Storage
Structure:
Root Hairs – increase the surface area for more
absorption
Zone of Elongation
Meristematic Zone – part of the root tip where cells
grow and divide to extend the root.
Root Cap – protects the root tip
14. STEM
Function: Connects the roots to the leaves and
acts as the plumbing for the plant
Structure:
Xylem:
One way
Transports water and minerals upward
Stiff, thick walls
Phloem
Two way
Transports products of photosynthesis and water up and down
Perforated walls
19. LEAF STRUCTURE
Cuticle – waxy and water repellent. Excreted by
the epidermis
Epidermis - outer layer of cells
Palisade Mesophyll – elongated cells that contain
a lot of chlorophyll
Spongy Mesophyll – Round irregular cells that
allow for gas exchange
Stoma – opening in the leaves for water and gas
movement (more on the bottom of leaf)
Guard Cells – “Guard” the stoma to open and
close it.
Vein – contains the xylem and phloem for the leaf.
23. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS
Gymnosperms:
Ginkgos, Gnetales, cycads, and conifers
“naked seeds” that are not enclosed in a
protective structure. The ovule normally develops
on the surface of a scale (cone) or at the tip of a
modified leaf.
Conifers are the most abundant gymnosperms
and include pine trees
Life Cycle: The Sporophyte is the dominant
portion of the life cycle.
26. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS
Angiosperms
The most diverse group of land plants.
“Flowering plants” - the ovule develops
inside a protective ovary. The mature
ovary becomes a fruit.
Life Cycle: The sporophyte is dominant.
Double fertilization occurs to produce an
endosperm, the food supply, and a
zygote.
28. SEED VASCULAR PLANTS
Angiosperms
Two main divisions of flowering plants.
Monocotyledon: Monocots
One cotyledon (seed leaf)
Flower parts in threes
Parallel leaf veins
Scattered vascular bundles
Dicotyledon: Dicots
Two cotyledons
Flower parts in fours and fives
Net-like leaf veins
Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
31. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
Include whisk ferns, ferns, club mosses,
and horsetails.
Life Cycle: The sporophyte is dominant
Use windblown spores, not seeds, to disperse
their offspring.
The sperm is flagellated and requires water to
reach the egg.
These plants are limited to moist areas
35. BRAIN BREAK
Stretch!
2 minutes
Push-up/sit-ups
Grab a partner
Do as many push ups or sit ups as you can while your
partner counts for you
4 minutes
Switch and count your partners push ups and sit ups!
4 minutes
