ppt presentation

1. BREATHING CONTROL SYSTEM USING
NEBULIZER
Presented By
GOWRI S R (962616121018)
SRUTHY S L (962616121050)
BIJISHA J B (962616121012)
PRANAV R NAIR (962616121303)
Final Year Biomedical Engineering
Udaya School of Engineering

2. ABSTRACT
• Respiratory disorders cost billions of dollars for healthcare systems worldwide.
• Air medical jet nebulizers are medical devices used to treat respiratory disorders
by delivering mist medication to the lungs.
• Being respiratory drug delivery devices, in-market existing medical nebulizers are
far from operating optimally.
• The main limitation of the existing medical nebulizers is the excessive generation
of medicine in a useless way; leading to a loss of the majority of the medicine
generated, i.e., 80 to 90 % is thrown out to the environment without making use of
it, while exposing the surrounding environment by the unwanted medicine.

3. ABSTRACT(Continued)
• This project proposes a new electropneumatic design for air jet medical nebulizer
• It involves a closed feedback loop to automatically adjust the air compression,
medication delivery, and to patient flow control, simultaneously.
• It is found that a more sophisticated design of the nebulizers could overcome the
ergonomic, environmental, and economical concerns facing current nebulization in
clinical respiratory care.

4. INTRODUCTION
• Nebulization system is the main device that is used to deliver medications to treat
breathing diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
bronchiospasm and dyspnea.
• There are two types of nebulization systems like jet nebulizers and ultrasonic
nebulizers.
• A most widely used one is jet nebulizers because of its effectiveness, affordability
and maintenance in domiciliary use.
• Nebulization system is not a new health care.

5. PROPOSED SYSTEM
• This project proposes a new electropneumatic design for air jet medical nebulizer
• The nebulizer controls flow of medicine based on the breathing characteristics of
the patient.
• By the simultaneous development of the nebulizer system designs along with flow
regulation techniques lead to effective treatment for breathing disorders.
• It involves a closed feedback loop to automatically adjust the air compression,
medication delivery, and to patient flow control, simultaneously.

6. PROPOSED SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES
• low power consumption,
• small size and high stability
• alarm function of no patient contact,
• system is suitable for both hospitals as well as a homecare product

7. PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM

8. CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM

9. CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM

10. RELAY to NEBULIZER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

11. Regulated Power Supply
Power supply is a reference to a
source of electrical power.
A device or system that supplies
electrical or other types of energy to
an output load or group of loads is
called a power supply unit.

12. TRANSFORMER
• The transformer is a static device that changes electrical energy from one circuit to
another circuit with the help of mutual induction (without any connection)
between two windings namely primary winding and secondary winding.
• It changes power from one circuit to another circuit without altering its frequency,
but may be on changing voltage level.

13. BRIDGE RECTIFIER
• Rectifier is an electrical device which converts an alternating current
into a direct one by allowing a current to flow through it in one
direction only.
• A bridge rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge arrangement to
achieve full-wave rectification.

14. DIODE
• Diode only allow current to flow in one direction, and
they’re always polarized. A diode has two terminals. The positive side
is called the anode, and the negative one is called the cathode.

15. CAPACITOR
• Capacitors store electric energy when they are connected to a battery
or some other charging circuit.
• They are commonly placed in electronic components and are used to
maintain a power supply while the device is unplugged and without a
battery for a short time.

16. LED
• There are a handful of identifiers for finding the positive and negative
pins on an LED.
• LED stands for light-emitting diode, which means that much like their
diode cousins, they’re polarized.
• The longer leg, which should indicate the positive, anode pin.

17. VOLTAGE REGULATOR
• Voltage regulator, any electrical or electronic device that maintains
the voltage of a power source within acceptable limits.
• The voltage regulator is needed to keep voltages within the
prescribed range that can be tolerated by the electrical equipment
using that voltage.

18. PIC 16F877A Microcontroller
• Microcontroller is a general purpose device, which integrates a number of the components of
a microprocessor system on to single chip.
• Microcontrollers are:
a. Smaller in size
b. Consumes less power
c. Inexpensive
• PIC I6F877A microcontroller is very convenient to use, the coding or programming of this
controller is also easier.
• It can be write-erase as many times as possible because it use FLASH memory technology.
• It has a total number of 40 pins and 33 pins for input and output.

19. Pin Diagram of PIC 16F877A

20. Features of PIC 16F877A
• Operating speed:20Mhz, 200ns instruction cycle
• Operating voltage:4.0-5.5volts
• Industrial temperature range(-40 to +85 degrees)
• Flash memory:14.3KB(8192 words)
• Data EEPROM:256 bytes
• Self-reprogrammable under software control
• 33 I/O pins
• Synchronous serial port with two modes
• USART/SCI with 9-bit address detection
• Parallel slave port
• Analog comparable module

21. LCD Display
• A liquid- crystal display is as a flat-panel display or other electronic or visual display that
uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals.
Features of LCD
LCDs allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube technology.
LCDs consume much lesser power.
The LCD’s are lightweight with only a few millimeters thickness.
They are compatible with low power electronic circuits.
It can be powered for long durations.
It has wide operating temperature range.
Long lifetime.

22. Pin Diagram of LCD
 Pin 1- Ground(0V)
 Pin 2- Supply voltage(5V)
 Pin 3- Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor.
 Pin 4- Register select
 Pin 5- Read/ Write
 Pin 6- Enable
 Pin 7 to14- 8-bit data pins
 Pin 15- Backlight Vcc(5V) [LED+]
 Pin 16- Backlight ground(0V) [LED-]

23. • A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device which may be mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric.
• Piezo buzzer is used here in the experiment.
• The feedback line provides a voltage that is proportional to the strain on the main piezo
element.
• This voltage can be used to create a simple, self-oscillating circuit.
Features of buzzer
Wide operating voltage(3V)
Lower current consumption( less than 30mA)
Higher rated frequency
Higher sound pressure level
Buzzer

24. Software Components
1.Embedded C
Embedded C comprises a set of language extensions for C programming language.
It aims in portability and access to common performance increasing features of processors.
It is small, simpler to learn, understand, program and debug.
2.KEIL Compiler
The KEIL C51 C translates C source files into relocatable object modules.
It helps in increasing efficiency and speed of assembly language while compiling.
It supports microcontroller architecture like pointer, data types etc.

25. REFERENCES
1. Bauer, A.,McGlynn, P.,Bovet, L. L.,Mims, P. L.,Curry, L. A.,Hanrahan, J. P, “The
Influence of Breathing Pattern During Nebulization on the Delivery of Arformoterol
Using a Breath Simulator”, Respir Care. 2009.
2. Hemanth Kumar G, Harsha P S, Shaurya Madappa K, Shreya Srinivas Bhat, “A Novel
Approach to Nebulizer based Drug Delivery System”, 1st National Conference on
Biomedical signal and Image Processing, International Conference Advanced
Networking and Applications, 2016.
3. Rekha K, Anandh Vaiyapuri, Samuel Sundar Doss D, “A survey: effects of different
biofeedback system analysis with flutter device in respiratory disorders” Biomedical
Research 2018; 29 (6): 1222-1231.
4. Martin, A.R.; Finlay,W.H. Nebulizers for drug delivery to the lungs. Exp. Opin. Drug
Deliv. 2014, 12, 889–900.
5. Tsai C.S., Lin S.K., Mao R.W., Tsai S.C., Brenner M., Mahon S., Mukai D., Boss G,
“Pocket-Sized Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Inhalation Drug Delivery”, Proceedings of the
2013 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS-2013); Prague, Czech Republic.
21–25 July 2013; pp. 1190–1192.

26. REFERENCES
6. Oskar Z. Olszewski, Ronan MacLoughlin, Alan Blake, Mike O’Neill, Alan Mathewson, Nathan
Jackson, “A silicon-based MEMS vibrating mesh nebulizer for inhaled drug delivery”, Procedia
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7. Choi K., Moon S., Park S., Cho G., Nam K.C., Park B.J. “Fabrication and Characterization of
Medical Mesh-Nebulizer for Aerosol Drug Delivery”, Applied Sciences, 2018;8:604.
8. N. Banerjee, S.S. Pandey, and C.H. Mastrangelo, “Disposable Digital Dry Powder Micro-
nebulizer Device for Drug Storage and Triggered Release”, IEEE, Transducers 2015.
9. Vasu. S and Jithendra P R Nayak, “Infusion Pump with Nebulizer Unit for Healthcare”,
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10. Grace Christy S, Jinta James, Kaviya L, Mahalakshmi K, Vinodha K, “Automated Nebulizer Aid
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27. THANK YoU..