This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of atoms and molecules to create new materials and devices. The document then discusses the history of nanotechnology, some key tools used in nanotechnology like the atomic force microscope, facts about nanoscale sizes, and current and potential future applications of nanotechnology in various fields like medicine, energy, and electronics. It also outlines some advantages of nanotechnology such as manufacturing and medical benefits, as well as goals for nanotechnology related to science, healthcare, transportation, and sustainability. In conclusion, the document suggests nanotechnology will have widespread and significant impacts on health, wealth, and standards of living over the coming century.

1. NANOTECHNOLOGY
MADE BY,
SHIVANK SINDRE
EE-3B
(1213220099)

2. Contents
Basic definition.
Brief History.
Facts.
Applications.
Advantages.
Goals of Nanotechnology.
Future of Nanotechnology.

3. What is
Nanotechnology..??
. Art and science of manipulating
atoms and molecules to create
new systems, materials, and
devices.

4. Size Matters
*How Big…?
* One nanometre (nm) is one
billionth, or 10−9, of a meter.
* 1 inch = 25,400,000

5. HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Founded by Physicist Richard
Feynman in 1959.
Inspired by Feynman's
concepts K. Eric Drexler used
the term "nanotechnology" in his
1986 book Engines of Creation:
The Coming Era of
Nanotechnology, which
proposed the idea of a
nanotechnology.

6. Tools & Techniques:
T h e A t o m i c F o r c e
M i c r o s c o p e ( A F M ) a n d
t h e S c a n n i n g T u n n e l l i n g
M i c r o s c o p e ( S T M ) a r e
t w o e a r l y v e r s i o n s o f
s c a n n i n g p r o b e s t h a t
l a u n c h e d
n a n o t e c h n o l o g y .

7. A typical AFM set up
.

8. Fun Facts
*Nano =1billionth;100,000 x’s smaller than the
diameter of a human hair.
*A nanometer is the amount an
average man’s beard grows in
the time it takes him to raise the razor to his
face.

9. Nanotechnology spans many Areas
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Information
Technology
Mechanical
Eng. &
Robotics
Biotechnology
Transportation
National
Security &
Defense
Food and
Agriculture
Energy &
Environment
Aerospace
Advance
Materials &
Textiles
Medicine
/
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Information
Technology
Mechanical
Eng. &
Robotics
Biotechnology
Food and
AgricultureAerospace
Advance
Materials &
Textiles
Medicine
/
Health
Energy &
Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Information
Technology
Mechanical
Eng. &
Robotics
Biotechnology
Food and
AgricultureAerospace
Advance
Materials &
Textiles
Medicine
/
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY National
Security &
Defense
Food and
Agriculture
Energy &
Environment
Aerospace
Advance
Materials &
Textiles
Medicine
/
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Food and
AgricultureAerospace
Advance
Materials &
Textiles
Medicine
/
Health
Energy &
Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Information
Technology
Food and
AgricultureAerospace Medicine
/
Health
Mechanical
Eng. &
Robotics
NANOTECHNOLOGY National
Security &
Defense
Food and
Agriculture
Energy &
Environment
Aerospace Medicine
/
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Food and
AgricultureAerospace Medicine
/
Health
Energy &
Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Information
Technology
Food and
AgricultureAerospace Medicine
/
Health
BiotechnologyMechanical
Eng. &
Robotics
NANOTECHNOLOGY National
Security &
Defense
Food and
Agriculture
Energy &
Environment
Aerospace Medicine
/
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Food and
AgricultureAerospace Medicine
/
Health
Energy &
Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Information
Technology
Food and
AgricultureAerospace Medicine
/
Health
Transportation
BiotechnologyMechanical
Eng. &
Robotics
NANOTECHNOLOGY National
Security &
Defense
Food and
Agriculture
Energy &
Environment
Aerospace Medicine
/
Health
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Food and
AgricultureAerospace Medicine
/
Health
Information
Technology
Food and
AgricultureAerospace Medicine
/
Health
Information
Technology
Mechanical
Eng. &
Robotics
Information
Technology
BiotechnologyMechanical
Eng. &
Robotics
Information
Technology
Transportation
BiotechnologyMechanical
Eng. &
Robotics
Information
Technology
National
Security &
Defense
Transportation
BiotechnologyMechanical
Engineering /
Robotics
Information
Technology

10. •Applications
 Nanotechnology has given rise to many
influential materials which are very useful, such
as CNTs, fullerenes.
 Medical applications : Cancer Treatment.
 Nanotechnology is being used in the sports
industry to allow tennis ball to last longer more
durable and harder.

11. Nanotechnology in sports

12. Applications Contd.
 Cars are being manufactured with
nanotechnology aid so that less amount of metal
and lesser fuels are required.
* Scientist are now trying to develop new diesel
engines with cleaner exhaust fumes, Platinum is
the material being used for the same.

13. Applications of Nanotechnology

14. Current Applications :
Burn and wound dressings, water filtration
devices, paints, cosmetics, coatings, lubricants,
textiles, memory/storage devices.
Medical diagnostics, displays, sensors, drug
delivery, composite materials, solid state
lighting, bio-materials, more powerful computers,
protective armor, bio suits, and sensors.

15. Applied Nanotechnology –
Examples of Current Research
and Applications
Materials
Science
Powders, Coatings, Carbon Nano-Materials,
C-fabrics.
Energy Solar Power and Photovoltaic cells, Hydrogen
Fuel Cells, LED White Light
Genomics, Proteomics, Lab on a Chip,
CNT’s, Bucky Balls
Electronics MRAM, NRAM, Q-Dots, Q-Bits
Devices Lithography, Dip Pen Lithography, AFM,
MEMS

16. An experiment indicating that
positional molecular assembly is
possible was performed by Ho and
Lee at Cornell University in 1999.

17. ** They used a STM to move an
individual carbon monoxide
molecule (CO) to an individual iron
atom (Fe) sitting on a flat silver
crystal, and chemically bound the
CO to the Fe by applying a voltage.

18. DNA Tetrahedron
This DNA tetrahedron is an
artificially designed nanostructure
of the type made in the field
of DNA Nanotechnology.

19. Future Applications
2011-15 -- biomaterials,
microprocessors, new catalysts, portable
energy cells, solar cells, tissue/organ
regeneration, smart implants.
2016 and beyond – molecular
circuitry, quantum computing, new
materials, fast chemical analyses.

20. Health and Environmental Concerns
Nanofibers are used in several areas and in
different products, in everything from aircraft
wings to tennis rackets. Inhaling airborne
nanoparticles and nanofibers may lead to a
number of pulmonary diseases, e.g.
fibrosis.Researchers have found that when rats
breathed in nanoparticles, the particles settled in
the brain and lungs, which led to significant
increases in biomarkers for inflammation and
stress response and that nanoparticles induce
skin aging through oxidative stress in hairless
mice.

21. Nanotechnology & Nature :
The Lotus Leaf Effect..!!
.

22. .
Living things are built on
hidden nanotechnology
components, but sometimes that
technology achieves remarkable
things in very visible way.

23. .
Nanostructures provide the surface which
lets water droplets roll down the inclined
plane.
The Lotus Leaf Effect refers to self
cleaning properties that are a result of very
high water repellence, exhibited by leaves
of lotus flower.

24. contd.;
Dirt particles are picked up by water
droplets due to architecture on the
surface, which minimizes the adhesion of
droplet to that surface.

25. .
Because of the shape of the surface
pimples on the leaf particles of dirt do not
stick to the surface well, but instead are
likely to stick to the rolling droplets and be
carried away.
The size of the pimples is approx. 20,000
nanometres small.

26. .
Image of a water droplet showing angle of
contact between water drop & leaf.

27. .
The microscopic zoomed in view of the
lotus leaf.

28. Advantages of
Nanotechnology
Manufacturing Advantages:
Nanotechnology is already making new
materials available that could revolutionize
many areas of manufacturing. For example,
CNTs and fabrics.

29. Energy Advantages:
Nanotechnology may transform the ways in which
we obtain and use energy. In particular, it's likely
that nanotechnology will make solar power more
economical by reducing the cost of constructing
solar panels and related equipment. Energy
storage devices will become more efficient as a
result.

30. Environmental Advantages:
• It is possible, however, that there will be some
negative effects on the environment as potential
new toxins and pollutants may be created by
nanotechnology.

31. Security:
Nanotechnology raises the possibility of
microscopic recording devices, which would be
virtually undetectable.

32. Medical Advantages:
Nanotechnology has the potential to bring
major advances in medicine. N-bots could
be sent into a patient's arteries to clear
away blockages. Surgeries could become
much faster and more accurate. Injuries
could be repaired cell-by-cell.

33. Nanotechnology Goals:
science and engineering:
The nanometre scale is expected to become a
highly efficient length
scale for manufacturing. Once it is developed it
provides better understanding and
engineering develops the tools. Materials with
high performance, unique
properties and functions will be produced that
traditional chemistry could not create.

34. Improved Healthcare:
Nanotechnology will help prolong life,
improve its quality, and
extend human physical capabilities.

35. Transportation:
Nanotechnology will yield lighter, faster, and
safer
vehicles and more durable, reliable, and cost-
effective roads, bridges, runways,
pipelines, and rail systems. Nanotechnology-
enabled aerospace products alone are
projected to have an annual market value of
about $70 billion in ten years.

36. Sustainability:
Nanotechnology will improve agricultural yields
for an increased population, provide more
economical water filtration and desalination,
and enable renewable energy sources such as
highly efficient solar energy conversion; it will
reduce the need for scarce material resources
and diminish pollution for a cleaner
environment.

37. Welcometo the…Future..!!
In next 10 to 15 years, projections indicate
that nanotechnology-based lighting
advances have the potential to reduce
worldwide consumption of energy by more
than 10%, reflecting a savings of $100
billion dollars per year and a
corresponding reduction of 200 million
tons of carbon emissions.

38. Contd.
Catalysts produced via Nanotechnology
have applications in the petroleum and
chemical processing industries, with an
estimated annual impact of $100 billion in
10 to 15 years (assuming a historical rate
of increase of about 10% from $30 billion
in 1999.

39. Contd.
About half of all production will be
dependent on nanotechnology affecting
over $180 billion per year in 10 to 15
years.

40. Contd.
Materials and processes are estimated to
increase their market impact to about $340
billion per year in the next 10 years with
the aid of Nanotechnology.

41. Summary..!!
In the end I can only say that, implications of
Nanotechnology in materials, physics,
chemistry, and biology create opportunities that
will accelerate the pace of fundamental
research in science and engineering, creating
the knowledge needed to enable technological
innovation, training the workforce needed to
exploit that knowledge, and providing the
manufacturing science base needed for future
commercial production.

42. .
Potential breakthroughs
are possible in areas
such as materials and
manufacturing, medicine
and healthcare,
environment and energy,
biotechnology and
agriculture, electronics
and information
technology, and national
security.

43. .
The effect of nanotechnology on the health,
wealth, and standard of living for
people in this century could be at least as
significant as the combined influences of
microelectronics, medical imaging, computer-
aided engineering, and man-made polymers
developed in the past century.

44. Thank You