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provide answers to all subquestions please Consider an open economy of the form: YC(y)=I(r)+G+X(e)V(Y,e)PM=L(Y,r)V(Y,e)X(e)=F(r) Where, Investment (I) depends negatively on interest rate (r), Consumption (C) depends positively on income (Y); Exports (X) depend positively on exchange rate; Imports (V) depend positively on income (Y) and negatively on exchange rate (e); Money demand depends positively on income and negatively on interest rate and net capital inflow of capital depends positively on interest rate. (a) Within the context of this model with fixed domestic prices and flexible exchange rates, detirmine and provide economic intuition for the signs and magnitudes of the following multipliers if the BP curve has the usual slope: i) dY/dG ii) de/dG iii) dY/dM iv) de/DM (b) Show and explain why expansionary fiscal policy under complete capital mobility reduces the fiscal policy multiplier to its minimum level. (c) Determine and explain the size of the fiscal policy multiplier when income elasticity of demand for money approaches zero..

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Q1.7. What would happen if you could magically turn off decomposition in a forest? Not much would change except deer and other herbivores would have more plants to eat. As plants continue to grow indefinitely, leaf litter will accumulate to eventually cover trees. Plants would stop growing, because the nutrients they need would remain bound in dead material. Plants would grow faster, because they wouldn't need to compete with decomposers for nutrients..

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Progressive Corporation (a property and casualty insurance company) reported the following in its 2011 annual report: 2011 2010 (in millions) Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value 6.375% Senior Notes due 2012 (issued: $350.0, December 2001) $ 350.0 $ 350.5 $ 349.6 $ 369.3 7% Notes due 2013 (issued: $150.0, October 1993) 149.7 162.4 149.6 165.0 3.75% Senior Notes due 2021 (issued: $500.0, August 2011) 497.0 525.3 0.0 0.0 6 58% Senior Notes due 2029 (issued: $300.0, March 1999) 295.0 364.4 294.8 329.9 6.25% Senior Notes due 2032 (issued: $400.0, November 2002) 394.4 492.4 394.2 433.3 6.70% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2067 (issued: $1,000.0, June 2007; outstanding $762.1 and $777.1) 756.0 769.7 770.0 808.2 $2,442.1 $2,664.7 $1,958.2 $2,105.7 On December 31, 2011, we entered into an amendment to the 364-Day Secured Liquidity Credit Facility Agreement (Credit Facility Agreement) with PNC Bank, National Association (PNC), which extended the expiration date of our outstanding credit facility agreement until December 31, 2012, unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the agreement. Under this agreement, we may borrow up to $125 million, which may be increased to $150 million at our request but subject to PNCs discretion. The purpose of the credit facility is to provide liquidity in the event of disruptions in our cash management operations, such as disruptions in the financial markets or related facilities that affect our ability to transfer or receive funds. Under this credit facility, we may borrow funds, on a revolving basis, either in the form of Eurodollar Loans or Base Rate Loans. Eurodollar Loans will bear interest at one-, two-, three-, or six-month LIBOR (as selected by us) plus 50 basis points for the selected period. . Our access to these funds is unrestricted. However, if we withdraw funds from this account for any reason other than in connection with a disruption in our cash management operations, the availability of borrowings under the PNC credit facility will be reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis until such time as we replenish the funds to the deposit account. There are no rating triggers under the credit agreement. We had no borrowings under this arrangement in 2011 or 2010. Aggregate principal payments on debt outstanding at December 31, 2011, is as follows: (millions) Year Payments 2012 $ 350.0 2013 150.0 2014 250.0 2015 225.0 2016 180.0 Thereafter 1,287.1 Total $ 2,442.1 In January 2012, we retired the entire $350.0 million of our 6.375% Senior Notes at maturity. 1. What amount does Progressive report for long-term debt on its balance sheet of 2011? 2. Why is there a difference between the fair value and the carrying value of Progressives long- term debt in 2011? What are the plausible reasons for the difference? 3. Were the 6.375% notes originally issued at par, at a discount or at a premium? How do you know? 4. What is the amount of the unamortized discount on the 7% notes.

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Q1. (a) Briefly introduce how Force-directed algorithms encode networks. (b) In force-directed placement, does spatial proximity (visual clump) always indicate grouping/ community? (c) One of the weakness of force-directed placement is that the layouts are often nondeterministic. What does it mean? (d) Illustrate the scalability issue of force-directed placement briefly. Q2. How does adjacency matrix encode networks? Give an example of matrix view of a network. Q3.How does treemaps encode trees? Given an example of Treemap layout..

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Q1. part A. can we use if statement and skip else part? (yes or no) part b can we use if statement and use elif statement and skip else part? (yes or no) part C if is a looping statement (true or false) part A. can we use if statement and skip else part? (yes or no) part b (yes or no) part b can we use if statement and use elif statement and skip else part? (yes or no) part C if is a looping statement (true or false).

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provide answers to all subquestions please Consider an open econo.pdf

1. provide answers to all subquestions please Consider an open economy of the form: YC(y)=I(r)+G+X(e)V(Y,e)PM=L(Y,r)V(Y,e)X(e)=F(r) Where, Investment (I) depends negatively on interest rate (r), Consumption (C) depends positively on income (Y); Exports (X) depend positively on exchange rate; Imports (V) depend positively on income (Y) and negatively on exchange rate (e); Money demand depends positively on income and negatively on interest rate and net capital inflow of capital depends positively on interest rate. (a) Within the context of this model with fixed domestic prices and flexible exchange rates, detirmine and provide economic intuition for the signs and magnitudes of the following multipliers if the BP curve has the usual slope: i) dY/dG ii) de/dG iii) dY/dM iv) de/DM (b) Show and explain why expansionary fiscal policy under complete capital mobility reduces the fiscal policy multiplier to its minimum level. (c) Determine and explain the size of the fiscal policy multiplier when income elasticity of demand for money approaches zero.

provide answers to all subquestions please Consider an open econo.pdf

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provide answers to all subquestions please Consider an open econo.pdf