The easy days of Oil and gas extraction is over, and the ability to extract Oil and Gas from harsh enviornments is very dependent on the ability to overcome technical challenges through the use of advanced numerical analysis and simulation. Technical challalenges currently faced in the industry include High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT), Utra Deep Water (UDW) with water depths greater than 10,000 ft, and the Arctic with potentially 20% untapped hydro carbon reserves. These technical challenges are overcome through more use of advanced analysis and simulation, and this allows cost effective solutions to be obtained. Also the Industry is currently being challenged by a low oil price, and lots of companies are forced to look at cost and schedule. This as a result, allows the opportunity for the use of advanced analysis to help solve Engineering challanges in an efficient manner and save potentially millions of dollars in the Engineering. The ways that this is undertaken is presented and discussed. There are different types of Analysis simulation used in the Offshore Industry, for example FEA, CFD, Coupled Analysis etc. Also computer power is ever increasing in compuational efficiencies, and novel methods, such as the use of Cloud computing, has had a big impact on the way that analysis is undertaken. These different methods of software and hardware are discussed in relation to the Offshore Industry, and an indication is given in to how these methods will affect the Industry in the future.

1. How Advanced Simulation will
Impact the Offshore Industry
both Now and in the Future.
October 8th, 2015
Altair Annual Technical Conference.
By
Paul Jukes, PhD, CEng, FIMarEST, FIMechE, FEI, FCMI
CEO & President

2. • Introduction – Why use Advanced Simulation?
• Technical Challenges of Offshore Industry
• Examples of Advanced Engineering and Current
Trends
• Future Trends
• Conclusion
Agenda
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015

3. Introduction – Why use Advanced
Simulation?
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015

4. Oil & Gas Will Remain
Major Energy Source
Source: EIA
Source: ExxonMobil
• Growing World Population. 7.3B to 9.7B by 2050
• Increased Energy Demands. 80% increase by 2050
• Easy Days of Exploration Over – Harsher Environments.
• Technology Challenges
• Greater Need for Advanced Engineering & Simulation.

5. • Sustained Low Oil Price
• Industry will be different after down turn
• Cost & Schedule
Oil Price
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015

6. Trend for Deepwater
• Water depths continue to increase
• Technology Challenges.
• Greater Need for Advanced Engineering & Simulation.
Courtesy of Offshore Magazine

7. Technical Challenges in the Industry
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015

8. Subsea Technology Areas
• Deepwater (>10,000ft)
• HPHT (20KSI, 350°F)
• Subsea Pumping, Power &
Distribution, Subsea Separation
• Multiphase Flow & Flow Assurance
• Integrity Management & Monitoring
• Long Tie-backs
• Arctic
• CO2/CCS
• Cryogenics
• Pipeline Stability
Courtesy : Beneath the Crust
Courtesy : Jukes, P. (JP Kenny)

9. Examples of Advanced Simulation &
Current Trends
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015

10. Advanced Simulations
for Offshore Industry
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
Advanced
Simulations
Component
Design Arctic
Geotechnics
Fracture
Mechanic
Composites
CFD
Advanced
Installation
Analysis
FSI
Geomechanics
Reliability/
Optimization

11. High Pressure/High Temperature (HPHT)
• Pressure >20KSi
• Temperatures >400°F
• Wells of 500°F, 30ksi and
beyond do indeed exist.
• Qualification Testing
• Seals and Materials are an
issue. Polymers limited 275°F
• Global Buckling of Pipelines.
Courtesy of SLB
Courtesy of Shadravan & Amani

12. HP/HT Wells
Source : “Technology Forage – Puits HPHT”, Total.

13. Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
Ref. Pecom 2008 Jukes et al., JP Kenny.
Ref. Global E&P Summit, 2009, Jukes, JP Kenny.
Reeling Installation Analysis
Reel-lay Installation
Courtesy : Simulia

14. • Model Single Pipe and Pipe-in-Pipe
• Highly Non-Linear
• All to see Pipeline Performance
• High Temperature creates High Axial Loads
• Thermal Buckle Management
• Significant Cost Savings in the Engineering
Advanced Simulation for
Subsea Pipelines
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
Ref. ISOPE2008-TPC-297 (2008)
Jukes et. al. – JP Kenny
Ref Pecom 2008 Jukes etc al., JP Kenny.

15. Upheaval Buckling
Source: Unknown
Courtesy : Simulia

16. Arctic

17. Arctic
• 20% unlocked Hydro Carbon
Reserves
• Harsh Environment
• Limited Weather Window
• Ice Gouging
• Installation and Construction Issues
• Drilling Issues
• Subsea Pipelines and Riser Design
Issues

18. • Ice Gouging Models
• Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) models
• Gouges 5 m (16.5 ft) deep
• Forces 100 MN, (10,000Te) 22,500 kips
• Burial Depth = 2 ~ 3 x Scour Depth (Literature)
• Significant Cost Savings in the Engineering
Advanced Simulations
for Arctic Ice Gouging
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
CEL Model – Ref. OMAE2009-79553

19. Ultra Deep Water
• Water Depths >10,000 ft
• Water Depth will continue to increase
• High Hangoff Loads
• Composite Risers
• Improved Fatigue and Chemical resistance
• Fracture and Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis of
Composites.
• Fracture , fatigue, delamination, debonding initiation
and propagation in composite laminates.
• Buckling and Post-buckling analysis of Composite
Structures.
Water Depth
10,000 ft
Ref - Whitfield, Stephen. JPT Apr 2015.
Ref. Dimitri Soteropoulos et al. , “Using Abaqus to Model Delamination
in Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials ” Simulia 2012 SIMULIA
Delamination of
Composites
under
compressive
Loads

20. • Platform Motions/VIM*
• Ship Dynamics*
• Tank Sloshing
• Slapping/Slamming
• Multiphase Flow
• Flow Induced Turbulence (FIT)
• Flow Induced Pulsation (FLIP)
• VIV of Pipelines, Riser & Jumpers.
• CFD-FEA
Advanced Simulation for
Fluid Structure Interaction
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
Courtesy : Altair

21. Oil & Gas Risers
• Risers are subject to fast accumulation of
fatigue damage from Vortex Induced Vibration
– VIV predictions of arrays of multiple risers
require accurate CFD and FSI over a number
of frequencies
– Difficult to model and predict
• Significant contribution from high harmonics
– Especially important for deep water risers
– Only first mode modelled in empirical analysis
tools like SHEAR7
• Coupled DES P-FSI Simulation with Abaqus
• AcuSolve predicts all harmonic modes
AcuSolve has been successfully applied to the analysis & design of Oil & Gas Risers used
to transport hydrocarbons from the ocean floor wellhead to the floating platform /
ship:
Ref - OMAE 2009-79801 Courtesy : Altair

22. Mitigation of Vortex Induced
Vibration
• In some cases, the oscillating fluid forces can be disrupted or mitigated
– Adding “strakes” will disrupt the vortex shedding reducing vibrations
– Wake Induced Oscillation predicted on the downstream riser
The strakes contribute to increased riser drag
which can limit production in high ocean
current regions
Also helical strakes show degraded
performance in downstream inline risers
Ref - OMAE 2009-79801
Courtesy : Altair

23. AcuSolve + Motionsolve Coupling
• Example of Riser with Fairing in an ocean current
– Fairing rotates (windmills) about riser with friction between the riser and Fairing
Water
Flow
Courtesy : Altair

24. Key Technologies: Overset grids
Courtesy : Cd-Adapco

25. Expanding the analysis to look at the effect of a cross-sea, the ship was turned 10
degrees to the oncoming sea and released to roll, pitch and heave
This leads to more movement of the crane tip and therefore a larger range of
cable tension
Lifting Analysis
Courtesy : Cd-Adapco

26. Flexible Riser & Umbilical FEA
Modelling
Flexible Riser Umbilical

27. • Pipeline/Risers Components
• Subsea System Components
• Probabilistic Design Methods
• Reliability Based Design
Optimization
• Design of Experiments
Advanced Simulations
for Component Design
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
Source : Altair Conference 2014

28. • Soil Structure Interaction
• Subsea Structure Foundations Design
• Anchor and Mooring Foundations
• Pipeline Crossings
• Centrifuge Testing
Advanced Simulation for
Offshore Geotechnics
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
Ref. J. S. Templeton, III , “Finite Element Analysis in Offshore Geotechnics – A Thirty-Year Retrospective” Simulia 2012 SIMULIA Customer
Conference

29. Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
• Compare actual BOP shearing test with simulation
• Create a database of Shearing test results
• Scale model and do simulation
• Reduce expensive shearing test
Shearing Drill Pipe Simulation
Ref – BSEE Technology Assessment Programs (TAP) Program

30. Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
• Analyze flowing well at multiple flow rates
• Range of pressures & Various ram positions
• Increase in shearing force due to flow and
pressure can be simulated.
Flowing well condition
Ref – BSEE Technology Assessment Programs (TAP) Program
Courtesy : Altair

31. Future Trends
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015

32. Computing Power
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
 Computing power will continue to get faster & cheaper
 Cloud Computing will continue to open up a world of opportunities
 Power equivalent to the human brain
Power of Human Brain by 2023

33. Creating a Great
Engineering Solution
‘Added-value’
Cost Savings
Effective
Solution
Optimised
Design
+ + =
Novel Ideas
Years of
Experience
Advanced
Simulation
Path
Dependent
Highly
Non-linear
Highly
Qualified
Range of
Backgrounds
Lateral
Thinking
Original
Ideas
COMPETENCY
ADVANCED
NUMERICAL
TOOLS
INNOVATION
ENGINEERING
SOLUTION
Courtesy : Jukes, P. (JP Kenny)

34. Increased Computer Power
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
• The Kurzweil Curve
2050
2023
2010
2001

35. • Safety is number one Core Value in Oil & Gas Industry
Simulation
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
Ref: Maersk Training Simulator

36. Model Complete System
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015
• Ability to Model the Complete System
• Included all types of Non-linearity
• Run Quickly (few hours not days or weeks)
• Better estimate of Loads
• ‘The Prize’ = Significant Cost Saving in the Engineering

37.  Technical challenges in Oil & Gas industry will continue (e.g.
HPHT, UDW and Arctic).
 Use of advanced numerical analysis and simulation allows cost
effective solutions especially during low oil price.
 Mid term outlook is good for Advanced Simulation – pressure
to reduce costs, improve software, cheaper hardware
(particularly cloud solutions), and greater acceptance of
Advanced Simulations.
 Advanced Simulation offers a World of exciting Opportunities.
Conclusions
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015

38. Thank You!
Any Questions?
Capabilities of The Technology & Engineering Group25th September 2015

39. How Advanced Simulation will
Impact the Offshore Industry
both Now and in the Future.
October 8th, 2015
Altair Annual Technical Conference.
By
Paul Jukes, PhD, CEng, FIMarEST, FIMechE, FEI, FCMI
CEO & President