Brazilians in the US: A Look at Migrants and Transnationalism
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The document summarizes a study on the transnational activities of Brazilians living in Massachusetts. It finds that while Brazilians display some similarities to other Latin American migrants, there are also differences. Brazilians send more money in remittances on average, have lower levels of US citizenship, and communicate more frequently with family in Brazil. However, they show slightly lower overall levels of transnational engagement. The study uses surveys to examine remittance amounts and frequencies, as well as participation in other transnational activities like travel, telecommunications, and consumption of goods from Brazil.
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Brazilians in the US: A Look at Migrants and Transnationalism
- 1. Brazilians in the US: A Look at Migrants and Transnationalism Alvaro Lima, Eugenia Garcia-Zanello, and Manuel Orozco
Notas del editor
- The routes for the fieldwork were designed to include remittance agencies that send money to Brazil that are located in areas with large concentrations of Brazilians Orozco studies: one is of remittance senders of 12 different Latin American nationalities remitting from the United States, and the other one is of remittance recipients in Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Colombia and Ecuador
- Using the 2000 U.S. Census data on the number of legal permanent residents in the U.S. and on non-immigrant (tourist) visas given to Brazilians each year, we calculate the number of Brazilians in the U.S. by the end of 2007, assuming that about 10% of tourists stay in the U.S. and 40% of those already in American return to Brazil the following each year thereafter (as the data on Brazilian migrants shows that about 90% of them live in the U.S. for up to 6 years before returning to Brazil). Our data on Brazilians in the U.S. shows that about 65% of them send remittances, and that they send an average of $700 each time, amounting to about $8,400 a year. Using our estimate that there were about 600,000 Brazilians in the U.S. in 2007 and 65% of them sent remittances of about $700 each month; we calculate the total dollar amount of remittances for 2007. The estimate by the Brazilian Central Bank, however, is closer to $3 billion. Nevertheless, there are known discrepancies inherent in the difficulty of measuring the data on remittance flows.
- Education: Brazilians rank third in terms of having a college education, after Nicaraguans and Jamaicans 45% of Brazilians have been living in the US for up to 3 years. 91% of them have been in the US between 6 and 8 years Orozco 2005 studies: one of remittance senders of 12 different Latin American nationalities remitting from the United States, and the other of remittance recipients in Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Colombia and Ecuador
- Jamaicans have the highest proportion of U.S citizens (56%), followed by Dominicans (43%), Salvadorans (17.3%), Bolivians (16%), Nicaraguans (14%), Mexicans (12.8%) and Guatemalans (12%).
- Activities: purchasing nostalgic goods, traveling home at least once a year, belonging to an HTA, calling hoe at least 2 times a week. A score of 0 corresponds to participation in none of these activities, a score of 4 indicates participation in all of them.
- Migrants who hold a citizenship travel more back home, while those who do not travel less. For Brazilians, their lower travel rates may be explained by their intent to stay only for a set period of time in the U.S. before returning permanently to Brazil. For those Brazilians who do travel, most of them do so to stay a considerable amount of time, specifically anywhere from 2-3 weeks to a month. As shown in Table 5, 17 percent of them actually stay for more than 2 months once they decide to travel.
- Calling home could perhaps be linked to their lower travel rates, as they may be compensating for less personal contact during trips with more frequent long-distance contact with their relatives via phone calls.