Presentation hend final 17 2-2016

Professor of Floriculture,
Ornamental Horticulture & Landscape Gardening
Faculty of Agriculture , Alexandria University
Professor of Vegetable and plant Tissue Culture,
Plant Production Department
Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha

Professor of Forestry & Wood Technology
Faculty of Agriculture,
Alexandria University
Professor of Floriculture,
Ornamental Horticulture & Landscape
Gardening,
Faculty of Agriculture
Alexandria University

is a collection of wild animals in captivity. It may include
also zoological gardens, biological parks, safari parks, bird parks,
reptile parks, aquariums as well as insectariums .
" zoo is an organized and permanent institution, especially
educational or aesthetic in purpose, with professional staff, that owns
and utilizes wild animals, cares for them, and exhibits them to the
public on a regular schedule (Polakowski1989).

lexandria oo arden ( is situated in
Smouha District, Alexandria, Egypt and is considered to
be one of the oldest zoological gardens in the east. Alex
Zoo is a part of Al-Nozha garden complex which
comprises three highly important historic gardens;
Antoniadis Botanical Garden, the Rose Garden in
addition to the Zoological Garden. Al-Nozha garden
complex. Alex Zoo began in 1907 as a small ''
menagerie'' . The zoo area increased to be 25 feddans,
which equals approximately 130.000 m2 . The general
layout of Alex Zoo garden is informal style.

A map showing the exact location of Alex Zoo in Al- Nozha garden
complex (after Mohamed et.al.,2010).

1
3
5
2
4
The Medieval Collection6
Aztec and Inca civilization7
Babylonia and Assyria;
Mesopotamia
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Indo-Chinese Greek and Roman collections
Persian and Arab collection

 the natural world around Mesopotamia was categorized into
domestic animals, wild animals, wild birds, fishes, insects, plants,
trees, vegetables, and minerals (Kisling, 2001).
 Kisling (2001) reported that although all classes of
Mesopotamian society had kitchen gardens and fishponds,
royalty and the wealthy landowning class had shade gardens,
ornamental gardens, and parks.
Babylonia and Assyria;
Mesopotamia

 While some debate what could be called the world's first zoo,
the predecessor to which was the menagerie, the act of animal
keeping dates back to ancient times as early as 3500B.C. in
Hierakonpolis, Egypt (Dembeck, 1965;Hoage and Deiss, 1996; and
Rose,2010)..
Ancient Egypt

 Some publications date the earliest instances of '' true zoo
management'' to the fifth dynasty of old- kingdom Egypt in
Saqqara around 2900-2200 B.C. the likely reason for keeping
these animals in captivity was for leisure, nobility, hunting and
fishing purposes (Croke, 1997).
Ancient Egypt

 Erman (1971) pointed out that wealthy Egyptians at all times
kept menageries, in which they brought up the animals taken by
the lasso or by the dogs in the deserts, as well as those brought
into Egypt by way of commerce or as tribute.
Ancient Egypt

 To date, little is known about the zoological activities of this Indus
civilization; however, animals were domesticated, most importantly
the elephant.
 From the beginning, royal animal collections served both practical and
aesthetic purposes. Starting with the founder of the Shang dynasty,
China's rulers built animal reserves; however, it was Wen Wang, the
founder of the Zhou dynasty who built the first well – known animal
reserve.
Ancient Indo-Chinese

 Both Greek and Romans possessed vast collections of wild
animals, with the Greeks focusing on songbirds (passerines).
 The Greek public traveled for miles to view birds from India
which may be the earliest recorded instance of paying a gate fee
to enter a menagerie (Hoage et al., 1996).
Greek and Roman collections

 After Roman Egypt became a province of the Islamic caliphate in
641, the Egyptian caliph demanded tribute from its southern
regions: camels, elephants, giraffes, and other animals. Animals
were also captured on the caliph's hunting trips and military
excursions in these areas.
Persian and Arab collection

The Medieval Collection
. Animal collections at Cairo and Constantinople continued to thrive
during the Medieval period. Justinian, Roman Emperor at Constantinople
(483-565), maintained one of the largest animal collections of the time.
This collection still existed when the Turks overthrew the Eastern
Roman Empire in 1453 and it was continued by the Turkish rulers, who
also maintained the collections at Cairo when they gained control of
Egypt.
Travelers fortunate enough to visit the Holy land and Egypt to see
the antiquities and historical sights often stopped to view the
menageries at Cairo and Constantinople (Kisling, 2001).

Montezuma, the Aztecian King, had several residences (few
years after 1519), each of which had gardens, fishponds, and
birds, his most elaborate residence contained a bird house, a
wild animal house (with mammals, birds of prey, and reptiles) .
Aztec and Inca civilization

A “zoological garden" is defined as the places that enable
people to see , hear and even smell constantly active animals
that are eating , playing , climbing as if they were in their
natural environment and to observe their relations with other
animals.

“Menageries" are a group of cages containing exotic animals
usually arranged systematically by families. Menageries
were well established throughout the world during the
eighteenth – and nineteenth- centuries as previously stated.

“Aquarium " a tank for keeping aquatic plants and animals
that is self-contained and self-sustained as a natural system.
Originally, aquariums were also referred to as aquatic
vivariums.

“Oceanarium " a public aquarium with at least one very
large aquarium tank for keeping sea mammals , such as
dolphins or whales.

“Conservation Park or Biopark " relatively new terms for a
zoo that emphasizes ecological immersion exhibits and
conservation programs.

Designers of the twentieth – century zoological park, or living
museum, intend to show, within an enclosure, the natural habitat
of the animal, introducing ecological themes and conveying
information about the habitats and the behavioral biology of the
animals. Exhibit designers often created moated enclosures
meant to be similar to the animal's habitat (Croke, 1997;
Harrison, 1991; and Hoage and Deiss, 1996).
Zoo naturalism and how it could be achieved ? It is,
then, a comparison between wild or naturalistic
design and the caged zoo design on the other hand.

The concept of '' landscape immersion '' is now gaining
popularity in zoological gardens worldwide (Coe, 1996,
and Polakowski,1987). The idea of '' landscape
immersion'' is to replicate the species' natural
environment and to place the viewer within the animal's
habitat.

Graetz (1995) stated that zoo plantings also fulfill several
basic needs; among these are shade for visitors and animals,
cover for the animals, other behavioral needs of animals,
depending on the species; visual barrier for animals to avoid
other animals; deterrence from escape, in some species;
symbolic value; modulation of views and perceptions; and
definition of space for people and animals.

1 2
3 4
5 6 Zoo art and Sculpture
7 Water component 8
Animal barriers Visitor barriers
Parking areas Gates and Walkways
Lighting
Pergolas and other shelters
9 Sitting and resting places 10 Signs and labels

Animal barriers and Visitors barrier

The present study was carried out at Alexandria Zoo Garden
through the years 2010 – 2015, the study included the following
aspects:
Obtaining all available layouts for
the gardens for comparing with
current layouts and as built layouts.
Surveying the location by
performing several site visits to
recognize all the garden elements.
Obtaining recent Google earth
satellite images of the gardens.

Surveying the general layout of both
gardens for obtaining accurate as built
layout of the garden sections and
hardscape design..
Measure the garden area by Sokkia
SET 3X Reflector less Total
Station, 3" Accuracy
Surveying the softscape layout of both
gardens for obtaining all main plant
species and plotting each species
individually on the softscape layout.
aspects:

Drawing a general map of the whole
location for visitors recognition of
the garden areas and facilities.
Working on the Alex Zoo garden by
designing a new conceptual design
for this area.
Performing a questionnaire on
a random sample
of the garden visitors.
aspects:

Surveying all plant species that
found in the zoo.
Surveying all animal species that
found in the zoo.
Surveying all hardscape components
of the zoo.
aspects:

History, description, design and
layout of Alexandria Zoo Garden
Evaluation of Alexandria
Zoological garden
History, description, design and layout
of Alexandria Zoo Garden

Evaluation of
Alexandria Zoological
garden

Distribution of the studied cases according to
their personal data
No %
Male 123 49.2
Female 127 50.8
Non educated 20 8.0
Medium educated 119 47.6
Higher educated 111 44.4
Friends and school mates 55 22.0
Neighbors 11 4.4
Families ( parents and children) 184 73.6
No 3
Yes 152
Very keen 95
Conservation 3 1.2
Entertainment and recreation 201
Education 43 17.2
Research 3 1.2

Distribution of the Alex Zoo studied sample according to
sufficiency and general satisfaction towards the zoo
No %
Degree of sufficiency
High (A) 17 6.8
Moderate (B) 152 60.8
Low (C) 81
c2 (p) 50.8
Degree of satisfaction
High (A) 37 14.8
Moderate (B) 134 53.6
Low (C) 79
c2 (p) 55.0

Opinion of the studied sample about the general features
and components of Alex Zoo, with respect to the
hardscape components of the visitors area.
Visitors area
Hardscape components
Satisfied Partly Not Satisfied
Mean SD C2
No % No % No %
1. Entrances and zoo accessibility 72 28.80 75 30.00 103 41.20 2.01 0.77 7.016*
2.Parking areas 28 11.20 58 23.20 164 65.60 1.46 0.69 122.528*
3.Walkways circulation 56 22.40 96 38.40 98 39.20 1.83 0.77 13.472*
4.Walkways for disabled 50 20.00 74 29.60 126 50.40 1.70 0.78 36.224*
5.Lighting of the parks 75 30.00 85 34.00 90 36.00 2.06 0.81 1.400
6.Zoo art and Sculpture 13 5.20 28 11.20 209 83.60 1.22 0.52 285.608*
7.Water element of landscapes 13 5.20 47 18.80 190 76.00 1.29 0.56 211.736*
8.Sitting places and Pergolas 16 6.04 55 22.00 179 71.60 1.35 0.60 173.864*

Visitors area
Mean SD C2
No % No % No %
Visitor safety barriers 138 55.20 66 26.40 46 18.40 2.37 0.78 56.192*
Wayfinding signs 64 25.60 86 34.40 100 40.00 1.91 0.77 7.904*
Cleaning level 8 3.20 63 25.20 179 71.60 1.32 0.53 182.888*
Rest rooms 15 6.00 47 18.80 188 75.20 1.31 0.58 203.336*
Cafeterias, number and distribution 59 23.60 89 35.60 102 40.8 1.83 0.79 11.672*
Photographers availability 59 23.60 74 29.60 117 46.80 1.77 0.81 21.752*
Children playground area 22 8.80 69 27.60 159 63.30 1.45 0.65 116.312*

and components of Alex Zoo , with respect to the
softscape components of the visitors area.
Visitors area
Softscape components
Mean SD C2
No % No % No %
Garden maintenance
18 7.20 108 43.20 124 49.60 1.58 0.62 78.368*
Lawns, shape and area 34 13.60 78 31.20 138 55.20 1.58 0.72 65.408*
Flowers and other ornamentals 63 25.20 76 30.40 111 44.40 1.81 0.81 14.792*
Shade trees 79 31.60 86 34.40 85 34.00 1.98 0.81 0.344
Number and variety of garden plants 63 25.20 109 43.60 78 31.20 1.94 0.75 13.208*
Plant labels 13 5.20 28 11.20 209 83.60 1.22 0.52 285.608*

and components of Alex Zoo , with respect to the animal
area.
Animals area
Mean SD C2
No % No % No %
1.Exhibit simulation
147 58.80 63 25.20 40 16.00 1.66 0.85 76.136*
2.Exhibit animal barriers 164 65.60 58 23.20 28 11.20 1.46 0.69 122.528*
3.Animal information labels 72 28.80 105 42.00 73 29.20 2.00 0.76 8.456*
4.Number of animals in captivity 27 10.80 49 19.60 174 69.60 1.41 0.68 150.872*
5.Cleaning level of animals and exhibits 28 11.20 13 5.20 209 83.60 1.22 0.52 285.608*
6.Availability of tour guides 28 11.20 50 20.00 172 68.80 1.42 0.69 144.416*

History, description,
design and layout of
Alexandria Zoo
Garden

History and Description
Fig. 4.1.: The geographical map of Alexandria city showing the position of Al-
Nozha Garden Complex (marked by x)which includes Antoniadis Botanical
Garden, the Rose Garden, Al-Nozha Public Garden and the Zoological Garden.

Fig. 4.3.: Al- Nozha garden complex map surveyed officially in 1943 by the
Egyptian Survey Authority showing the location and area of Alex Zoo that time
in the far north-west of the garden complex(marked by bold red line).

Fig. 4.4.: Al- Nozha garden complex map surveyed officially in 1977 by the
Egyptian Survey Authority showing the location and enlarged new area of Alex
Zoo in the far north-west of the garden complex(marked by bold red line).

Fig. 4.6.: A map showing the exact location of Alex Zoo in
Al- Nozha garden complex (after Mohamed et.al.,2010).

Fig. 4.7.: Alex Zoo as-built general layout
showing the informal system of design.

Fig. 4.8Alex Zoo as-built layout showing the two levels of the garden. The lower level
surrounded by thick red line. The layout showing also the six stairs connecting the
two levels (marked in blue)as well as the two ramp walkways (marked in purple).

Fig. 4.9.: Alex Zoo as-built general layout showing the suggested zones
of the garden; level A (A-1, A-2, A-3) and level B(B-1, B-2, B-3, B-4).

Zone A1
Fig. 4.10.: Alex Zoo as-built layout showing the detailed components of zone A-1.

Zone A2
Fig. 4.19.: Alex Zoo as-built layout showing the detailed components of zone A-2.

Zone A3
Fig. 4.34: Alex Zoo as-built layout showing
the detailed components of zone A-3.

Zone B1
Fig. 4.51: Alex Zoo as-built layout showing the detailed components of zone B-1.

Zone B2
Fig. 4.59: Alex Zoo as-built layout showing the detailed components of zone B-2.

Zone B3
Fig. 4.62: Alex Zoo as-built layout showing the
detailed components of zone B-3.

Zone B4
Fig. 4.70: Alex Zoo as-built layout showing the
detailed components of zone B-4.

Design and layout
Fig.4.87: Alex Zoo map showing the zoo entrances (E1, E2, E3, E4) as well as the
possible parking areas (marked in red).

Fig.4.88: Alex Zoo map showing the walkways circulation
connecting all parts of the zoo together (marked in blue).

Fig.4.90: Alex Zoo map showing the number and
locations of the rest rooms (marked in red).

Fig.4.91:Alex Zoo map showing the location of the children
playground or children activity area (marked in red).

Plants, the softscape
component of the
Alex Zoo garden

Plant group Zone A Zone B Total
1. Palms
23 85 108
2Trees
114 315 429
3. Shrubs
19 121 140
4. Cactus
2 20 22
Total number of plants
158 541 699
Lawns/ m2
̶ 63 m2 63 m2
Survey for the number of palms, tree, shrubs and cactus
and lawn area calculated for the different Alex Zoo
zones
Fig.4.91: Alex Zoo map showing the location
of the children playground or children activity
area (marked in red).

Parking areas
Entrances and walkways
circulation
Lighting
Zoo art and sculpture
Water component
Pergolas and other shelters
Sitting and resting places

Fig.4.111: A photographs of the only available parking
place for the cars and buses of Alex Zoo visitors.

Fig.4.112: A photograph showing the lighting bollards used in
Alex Zoo. a: the bollard terminates with a light bulb covered
with glass cover. b: the glass cover and the lamp are not
present.

Fig.4.113: Alex Zoo as –built general layout showing the
light bollards in the zoo gardens (marked in red).

Fig.4.114: The first piece of sculpture which exist in zone B-3, Alex Zoo.
Notice the iron cage around the statue as well as the poor situation.

Fig.4.115: The second couple of sculptures which exist to the right
and left of the E1 entrance, zone B-1 of Alex Zoo.

Fig.4.116: The third couple of sculptures which represent two lions to
the right and left of the lion house door of zone B-4, Alex Zoo.

Fig.4.117: A photograph of the central fountain of the
waterfowl lake of zone B-1, Alex Zoo.

Fig.4.118:A photograph showing garden seats provided with circular umbrellas
for protection against sun and rains. Alex Zoo, zone B-4.

Fig.4.119: A photographs showing garden seats provided with
longitudinal umbrellas for protection against sun and rains. Alex
Zoo, zone B-4.

Fig.4.120: A photograph showing the bad situation of garden seats of
most zones of Alex Zoo.

Fig.4.121: Due to the absence of seats in some areas of Alex Zoo, visitors have
to sit down on the concrete flower bed.

Fig.4.122: Some visitors crossed the visitor barrier of the waterfowl lake and
sit down on the ground inside the pelican exhibit in Alex Zoo, B-1 zone.

Fig.4.123: A photograph showing some vendors displaying their food and toy
products for sale at one of the entrances of Alex Zoo.

Fig.4.124: A photograph showing some vendors displaying
their food and toy products for sale inside Alex Zoo.

Fig.4.127: Some visitors having their lunch on the pavement of Alex Zoo.

Fig.4.128: Some other visitors having their lunch on the sidewalk of Alex Zoo.

Softscape
elements
Hardscape
components

Entrances
and
walkways
circulation

Water
component

Garden seats
Trash
or
garbage baskets
Rest rooms

Developing the Swan Casino area of B-1 zone
Developing the monkey mountain area of B-3 zone
Developing the lion enclosure area of B-4 region

Fig.5.2.: Alex Zoo as- built general layout showing the suggested site of the
proposed parking area which lies between the main gate of El- Nozha garden
and the E1 entrance of Alex Zoo.

Fig.5.3.: Design of the proposed parking area.

Fig.5.4.: Perspectives of the site plan of the suggested parking lot.

Fig.5.5.: Alex Zoo as built layout of zone A-3 showing the suggested ramp way
specially proposed for disabled through the closed entrance,( marked in red)

Fig.5.6.: Alex Zoo as built layout of zone B-3 showing the suggested ramp way
specially proposed for disabled through the E1 entrance,( marked in red)

Fig.5.7.: Alex Zoo as built general layout showing the suggested places
for light bollards over the garden area, (marked in red)

Fig.5.8.: A photograph showing the new recommended light bollards
operated by solar energy.

Fig.5.9.: Some possible animal statues which could be suggested to
decorate the important gathering areas of Alex Zoo.

Fig.5.10.: Some examples of trees and shrubs topiary work commonly
used in the international zoological gardens.

Fig.5.11.:The suggested location of the proposed musical
fountain in the B-2 region of Alex Zoo (marked in red).

Fig.5.12.: The proposed musical fountain in the B-2 region of Alex Zoo.

Fig.5.13.: The suggested formal fountain proposed to replace the old one
situated in the middle of the waterfowl lake of B-1 zone of Alex Zoo

Fig.5.14.: The suggested location of the proposed woody pergola in A-3
of Alex Zoo, (marked in green)

Fig.5.15.: The proposed pergola of A-3 region of Alex Zoo.

Fig.5.16.: Models of selected garden seats which are recommended to be used
in the different parts of Alex Zoo.

Fig.5.17.: Models of selected durable garbage or trash baskets recommended
to be used over the area of Alex Zoo

Fig.5.18.: The suggested design of rest room recommended for Alex Zoo.

Fig.5.19.: Alex Zoo as built general layout showing the development site of the Swan
Casino and surrounding lawn area in front of the waterfowl lake,(marked in green)

Fig.5.20.: The suggested new design of the Swan Casino building in
front of the waterfowl lake of Alex Zoo, the B-1 region.

Fig.5.21.: The layout of the suggested Swan Casino of Alex
Zoo, the B-1 zone.

Fig.5.22.: The location of the amusement children playground
area of zone B-3, Alex Zoo, (marked in green)

Fig.5.23.: The Detailed plan for the development of the children playground of B-
3, Alex Zoo.

Fig.5.24.: The proposed perspective of the museum building after adding a top
floor which includes the conference room, the zoo library and the rest rooms.

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Presentation hend final 17 2-2016