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Context-Adaptive Digital Maps
     for Public Displays

         Amenity Applewhite

   Context-Adaptive Digital Signage Seminar
               Summer 2008
Outline
Outline
•   Introduction
Outline
•   Introduction
•   Related work
Outline
•   Introduction
•   Related work
•   Initial user study
Outline
•   Introduction
•   Related work
•   Initial user study
•   Prototype design
Outline
•   Introduction
•   Related work
•   Initial user study
•   Prototype design
•   Second user study
Outline
•   Introduction
•   Related work
•   Initial user study
•   Prototype design
•   Second user study
•   Recommendations
Outline
•   Introduction
•   Related work
•   Initial user study
•   Prototype design
•   Second user study
•   Recommendations
•   Conclusion
Introduction
Introduction
•   20 MobiDiC Signs
Introduction
•   20 MobiDiC Signs
•   Map content
Introduction
•   20 MobiDiC Signs
•   Map content
•   Requirements
    analysis
Introduction
•   20 MobiDiC Signs
•   Map content
•   Requirements
    analysis
•   User-Centered
    Design
Introduction
•   20 MobiDiC Signs
•   Map content
•   Requirements
    analysis
•   User-Centered
    Design
•   Context-
    dependence
Related work
     Public displays   *


         •   Small
         •   Eye-level




*Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
Related work
     Public displays   *


         •   Small
         •   Eye-level
     Context-adaptive**
         •   Location, identity, activity, time
         •   Advantageous***



*Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
Related work
     Public displays   *


         •   Small
         •   Eye-level
     Context-adaptive**
         •   Location, identity, activity, time
         •   Advantageous***



*Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
Related work
     Public displays   *


         •   Small
         •   Eye-level
     Context-adaptive**
         •   Location, identity, activity, time
         •   Advantageous***



*Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
Related work
     Public displays   *


         •   Small
         •   Eye-level
     Context-adaptive**
         •   Location, identity, activity, time
         •   Advantageous***



*Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
Related work
ISO 13407 HCD design for interactive systems
Related work
Designers of digital maps would benefit from
using HCD more often.*




*Nivala 2005
Related work
Designers of digital maps would benefit from
using HCD more often.*




*Nivala 2005
Related work
Designers of digital maps would benefit from
using HCD more often.*




*Nivala 2005
Related work




*Erdelez 1999
Related work
Information     encountering *




*Erdelez 1999
Related work
Information     encountering *


•   Information science concept




*Erdelez 1999
Related work
Information     encountering *


•   Information science concept

•   occurs as part of a routine activity not
    performed to obtain information




*Erdelez 1999
Related work
Information     encountering *


•   Information science concept

•   occurs as part of a routine activity not
    performed to obtain information

•   useful information  positive
    encounters

*Erdelez 1999
Initial user study




Purpose determine the types of maps
 pedestrians would like to have displayed and
 the effect of context on map content
Initial user study




Scenario Wochenmarkt at the Domplatz
 Saturday morning
Initial user study




Method short informal digitally recorded
 interviews with 11 subjects, aged 21-56
Initial user study
Results
 •   No one needed or would need a map.
 •   Positive response.
 •   Everyone suggested a tourist map.
 •   People liked the idea of a map of pubs with
      happy hours, a map of football games, and
      a map of pharmacies.
 •   Little feedback on temporal adaptation.
Prototype development
9 maps, a range of context adaptation

Location global  continental  city
  neighborhood

Time static  weekly  daily 
 hourly
• Temporally static
• City scale
• Neighborhood scale
• Temporally adaptive:
 hourly, daily, weekly
• Global scale
• Temporally
 adaptive: hourly,
 weekly
• Continent scale
• Daily adaptation




                     • Global scale
                     • Static
Second user study




Purpose elicit user-feedback on prototypes
Second user study




Part I Saturday, Domplatz showed pedestrians
 maps in stack, brought to phone booth, voice
 recorded; 7 interviewees aged 21-35
Survey Participants




                            0
                                2
                                        4
                                               6
 lan
       dm                                                      8
              ar
                  ks
  sc
       ul
            pt
               ur
                 es
     sh
        op
                 pi
ph                  n g
   ar
       m
             ac
                  ies
             pu
                  bs
       fo
         ot
                 ba
wo                    ll
   r   ld
             ne
                 w
                    s
            flig
                 ht
                    s
ve
   g . im
         po
                   rt
                        s
                                               Favorite
                                                                   Second user study Part I Results
                                               Would look at
Second user study




Part II Saturday morning, Wednesday morning,
 Friday evening; participants choose favorites
 from maps taped in phone booth; 30 people
Participants who would use the map




                            0
                                      3
                                               6
                                                         9
 lan                                                                     12
       dm
              ar
                  ks
  sc
       ul
            pt
               ur
                 es
     sh
        op
                 pi
ph                  n g
   ar
       m
             ac
                  ies
             pu
                  bs
       fo
         ot
                 ba
wo                    ll
   r   ld
             ne
                 w
                    s
            flig
                 ht
ve                  s
   g . im
         po
                   rt
                        s
                                                         Friday evening

                                                         Satuday morning
                                                                              Second user study Part II Results
                                                         Wednesday morning
Second user study
Part I & Part II Discussion
• On-the-spot interviews reduced the number
    of maps considered useful.
•   The favorites chosen - shopping, pubs, and
    world news - were the same in both studies.
•   The favorite maps were context-adaptive:
        location neighborhood scale
        time hourly/daily/weekly updates
•   Clear preference for certain maps at certain
    times.
Requirement recommendations
•   Practical content for a small screen.

•   Present information that is novel,
    interesting, or useful enough to
    encourage future interaction.

•   Not all novel, interesting, or useful
    information belongs on a map.
Requirement recommendations
The most appealing map content adapts
to context:
  •   large-scale map with user’s
      location
  •   presenting information when it is
      most relevant to the user
  •   possible to adapt the content to
      identity
Conclusions
•   UCD -
•   Paper prototypes -
•   Various interview techniques -
•   Context-adaptive maps -
Conclusions
•   UCD - Good!
•   Paper prototypes -
•   Various interview techniques -
•   Context-adaptive maps -
Conclusions
•   UCD - Good!
•   Paper prototypes - Good!
•   Various interview techniques -
•   Context-adaptive maps -
Conclusions
•   UCD - Good!
•   Paper prototypes - Good!
•   Various interview techniques - Good!
•   Context-adaptive maps -
Conclusions
•   UCD - Good!
•   Paper prototypes - Good!
•   Various interview techniques - Good!
•   Context-adaptive maps - Good!
Thank you.


     Questions?

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Context Adaptive Digital Maps on Public Displays

  • 1. Context-Adaptive Digital Maps for Public Displays Amenity Applewhite Context-Adaptive Digital Signage Seminar Summer 2008
  • 3. Outline • Introduction
  • 4. Outline • Introduction • Related work
  • 5. Outline • Introduction • Related work • Initial user study
  • 6. Outline • Introduction • Related work • Initial user study • Prototype design
  • 7. Outline • Introduction • Related work • Initial user study • Prototype design • Second user study
  • 8. Outline • Introduction • Related work • Initial user study • Prototype design • Second user study • Recommendations
  • 9. Outline • Introduction • Related work • Initial user study • Prototype design • Second user study • Recommendations • Conclusion
  • 11. Introduction • 20 MobiDiC Signs
  • 12. Introduction • 20 MobiDiC Signs • Map content
  • 13. Introduction • 20 MobiDiC Signs • Map content • Requirements analysis
  • 14. Introduction • 20 MobiDiC Signs • Map content • Requirements analysis • User-Centered Design
  • 15. Introduction • 20 MobiDiC Signs • Map content • Requirements analysis • User-Centered Design • Context- dependence
  • 16. Related work Public displays * • Small • Eye-level *Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
  • 17. Related work Public displays * • Small • Eye-level Context-adaptive** • Location, identity, activity, time • Advantageous*** *Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
  • 18. Related work Public displays * • Small • Eye-level Context-adaptive** • Location, identity, activity, time • Advantageous*** *Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
  • 19. Related work Public displays * • Small • Eye-level Context-adaptive** • Location, identity, activity, time • Advantageous*** *Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
  • 20. Related work Public displays * • Small • Eye-level Context-adaptive** • Location, identity, activity, time • Advantageous*** *Huang et al. 2008 **Abowd and Dey 1999 ***Schmidt-Belz 2003
  • 21. Related work ISO 13407 HCD design for interactive systems
  • 22. Related work Designers of digital maps would benefit from using HCD more often.* *Nivala 2005
  • 23. Related work Designers of digital maps would benefit from using HCD more often.* *Nivala 2005
  • 24. Related work Designers of digital maps would benefit from using HCD more often.* *Nivala 2005
  • 26. Related work Information encountering * *Erdelez 1999
  • 27. Related work Information encountering * • Information science concept *Erdelez 1999
  • 28. Related work Information encountering * • Information science concept • occurs as part of a routine activity not performed to obtain information *Erdelez 1999
  • 29. Related work Information encountering * • Information science concept • occurs as part of a routine activity not performed to obtain information • useful information  positive encounters *Erdelez 1999
  • 30. Initial user study Purpose determine the types of maps pedestrians would like to have displayed and the effect of context on map content
  • 31. Initial user study Scenario Wochenmarkt at the Domplatz Saturday morning
  • 32. Initial user study Method short informal digitally recorded interviews with 11 subjects, aged 21-56
  • 33. Initial user study Results • No one needed or would need a map. • Positive response. • Everyone suggested a tourist map. • People liked the idea of a map of pubs with happy hours, a map of football games, and a map of pharmacies. • Little feedback on temporal adaptation.
  • 34. Prototype development 9 maps, a range of context adaptation Location global  continental  city  neighborhood Time static  weekly  daily  hourly
  • 36. • Neighborhood scale • Temporally adaptive: hourly, daily, weekly
  • 37. • Global scale • Temporally adaptive: hourly, weekly
  • 38. • Continent scale • Daily adaptation • Global scale • Static
  • 39. Second user study Purpose elicit user-feedback on prototypes
  • 40. Second user study Part I Saturday, Domplatz showed pedestrians maps in stack, brought to phone booth, voice recorded; 7 interviewees aged 21-35
  • 41. Survey Participants 0 2 4 6 lan dm 8 ar ks sc ul pt ur es sh op pi ph n g ar m ac ies pu bs fo ot ba wo ll r ld ne w s flig ht s ve g . im po rt s Favorite Second user study Part I Results Would look at
  • 42. Second user study Part II Saturday morning, Wednesday morning, Friday evening; participants choose favorites from maps taped in phone booth; 30 people
  • 43. Participants who would use the map 0 3 6 9 lan 12 dm ar ks sc ul pt ur es sh op pi ph n g ar m ac ies pu bs fo ot ba wo ll r ld ne w s flig ht ve s g . im po rt s Friday evening Satuday morning Second user study Part II Results Wednesday morning
  • 44. Second user study Part I & Part II Discussion • On-the-spot interviews reduced the number of maps considered useful. • The favorites chosen - shopping, pubs, and world news - were the same in both studies. • The favorite maps were context-adaptive: location neighborhood scale time hourly/daily/weekly updates • Clear preference for certain maps at certain times.
  • 45. Requirement recommendations • Practical content for a small screen. • Present information that is novel, interesting, or useful enough to encourage future interaction. • Not all novel, interesting, or useful information belongs on a map.
  • 46. Requirement recommendations The most appealing map content adapts to context: • large-scale map with user’s location • presenting information when it is most relevant to the user • possible to adapt the content to identity
  • 47. Conclusions • UCD - • Paper prototypes - • Various interview techniques - • Context-adaptive maps -
  • 48. Conclusions • UCD - Good! • Paper prototypes - • Various interview techniques - • Context-adaptive maps -
  • 49. Conclusions • UCD - Good! • Paper prototypes - Good! • Various interview techniques - • Context-adaptive maps -
  • 50. Conclusions • UCD - Good! • Paper prototypes - Good! • Various interview techniques - Good! • Context-adaptive maps -
  • 51. Conclusions • UCD - Good! • Paper prototypes - Good! • Various interview techniques - Good! • Context-adaptive maps - Good!
  • 52. Thank you. Questions?