This document summarizes a presentation on disaster risk reduction and management in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) with a focus on the 2014 floods. It discusses key concepts of disaster risk management and outlines the objectives and methodology of the study. It then provides details on the 2014 Kashmir floods, their impacts, and challenges going forward. The document concludes with recommendations to improve J&K's disaster management system, such as establishing early warning systems, restricting unplanned growth, and introducing modern technologies.

1. 1

2. PRESENTATION
ON
“DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT IN J & K
WITH SPECIAL REFFERENCE TO 2014 - FLOODS”
by
Dr. MOHAMMAD AMIN MIR
2

3. Introduction About the Study
 A formal effort is made to highlight the Imperative role
of Disaster Risk Management in J & K which we
believe has the potential to reduce the losses and
damages drastically brought about by disasters
especially recent floods of September – 2014 and
 To recommend some of the pragmatic measures to
assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of
disaster, and achieve rapid and effective recovery
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4. Objectives of the Study
 To understand the KEY CONCEPTS and ELEMENTS of
Disaster Risk Management and its need
 To identify the MAJOR DISASTERS prone to the state of J & K
 To identify the ORGANISATIONS AND AUTHORITY
involved in the pre-disaster and post-disaster activities in J &
K
 To identify and assess the LOSSES occurring due to disasters
in valley and
 To suggest the ways to MINIMISE THE LOSSES due to disaster
in future
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5. Methodology of the Study
 Mainly based on secondary sources
 The primary data was collected by means of random
survey to many flood hit areas and unstructured
interviews
 Use of secondary data has been obtained from many
Govt annual reports, articles, research papers, books,
internet etc.
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6. Limitations of the Study
 The study was conducted during floods so some sort of
disturbances were inevitable
 Since there is no well-established Disaster
Management department in the valley so we couldn’t
get the reliable and organised data
 Primary information was collected directly from flood
victims so what they conveyed may be biased
 Our recommendations regarding disasters may not
prove useful as every disaster has its own and unique
vulnerability and risk
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7. Introduction to Disaster Risk Management
 Disaster - “A serious disruption in the functioning of
the community or a society causing wide spread
material loss”
 Disaster is a result from the combination of Hazards
and vulnerability
DISASTER =HAZARDS * VULNERABILITY
 Disaster Risk Management (DRM ) includes almost all
kinds of activities, which includes strength and also
non-structural actions to prevent hazards .
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8. TYPES OF DISASTERS
NATURAL
DISASTERS
MAN INDUCED
DISASTERS
CIVIL DISORDER
ARSON
CRIME
WAR
FLOODS
EARTHQUAKES
WITER STORMS AND COLD
LANDSLIDES
TSUNAMIS TERRORISM

9. Disaster Risk Management
 Is an ORGANIZED PROCEDURE for making use of
management decisions, organization, functional
abilities and also sizes in order to put into action
policies, methods and also dealing sizes from the
modern society or even visitors to reduce the actual
blows regarding organic and also associated
surroundings and also technical danger.
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10. Components of Disaster Management
1. Preparedness
2. Response
3. Recovery
4. Prevention
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11. Stages of Disaster
Floods - 2014
BEFORE DURING AFTER
July-August September October (Onwards)
Well Before
Weeks-Months
Just Before -
Hours
Actual Time
Period
Rescue Relief Rehabilitation Reconstruction
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12. Disaster Preparedness
 It involves measures to ensure that communities and
services are capable of coping with the effect of disaster.
 EXAMPLES
1. Community awareness and education
2. Proper warning system
3. Mutual aid arrangement
4. Mock drill, training practice
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Disaster Response
It involves measures taken in anticipation of, during
and immediately after a disaster to ensure that the
effects are minimized.

13. Disaster Recovery
It involves measures, which support emergency
affected areas in reconstruction of the physical
infrastructure and restoration of economic and
emotional well being.
EXAMPLES
1. Restoring services like roads, communication
link
2. Providing financial support employment
3. Reconstructing damaged buildings
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14. Prevention and Mitigation
It involves measures to eliminate or reduce the
incidence of severity of disasters.
 EXAMPLES :
1. Preventing habitation in risk zones
2. Disaster resistant buildings
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15. Prevention
Rescue
Vulnerability
Analysis Relief
Structural
Measures
Warning and
Evacuation
Non-Structural
Measures
Planning of
Disaster
Response
LONG TERM
MEASURES
Reconstruct.
&
Recovery
Risk Analysis
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
MITIGATION RESPONSE
Risk
Assessment
Preparedness
Hazard
Assessment
Rehab
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM
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16. Disaster Management Act, 2005
 In order to Coordinate Central Govt efforts in Preparedness,
Prevention, Response, Mitigation, Relief and Rehabilitation and
for adoption of a Holistic Pro-active Approach to Disaster
Management.
 NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA) has
come into being by an Act of Parliament in 26th December 2005
under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister as the NODAL
AGENCY for Disaster Management in the Country
 This act has provided the legal and institutional framework
for disaster management in India at the National, State and
District levels.
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17. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
CABINET COMMITTEE ON
SECURITY
CABINET COMMITTEE ON
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL
CALAMITIES
HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE
NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT
COMMITTEE
NDMA
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
PLANNING
COMMISSION
Ministry of Home Affairs
OTHER MINISTRIES/
DEPARTMENTS
ARMED FORCES
GOVT OF INDIA
NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE
CENTRE
STATES/ UTs GOVTs
SDMAs
STATE DISASTER
RESPONSE FORCE
MINISTRIES/
DEPARTMENTS
DEPARTMENT
OF HOME
HOME GUARD
CIVIL DEFENCE
POLICE
DISTRICTS
FIRE SERVICES
DEPARTMENTS HOME DDMAs GUARD CIVIL DEFENCE POLICE & FIRE SERVICES
COMMUNITY LOCAL BODIES/ AUTHORITIES COMMUNITY
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18. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA)
CHAIRMAN
(PRIME MINISTER)
VICE CHAIRMAN
CABINET COMMITTEE
ON SECURITY
CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL CALAMITIES
POLICIES, PREVENTION, MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS
MEMBER
MEMBER
MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER
SECRETARY NDMA
CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC WING DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING
NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES
NATIONAL EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
NATIONAL
INSTITUTE OF
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
MEMBER
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19. Disaster Management Wing
Financial
Advisor
International
Cooperation
Mitigation &
Preparedness
Policies &
Plans
Media & Public
Preparedness
Policies Plans
Accounts
& Audits
Finance
Project
Formulation &
Preparedness
Project
Monitoring
Media &
Information
Community
Preparedness
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20. Capacity Building & Communications System
CAPACITY BUILDING COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
Operations & Logistics Capacity Building Communications Systems & KM
Control
Room
Logistics
Coordina
tion
Strategic
Planning
& Policy
Scenario
Building
Operational
Commns
Logistics
Network
IT &
Systems
Knowledge
Management
& IDRN
Network
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21. Financial Arrangements (Over 5 years)
Grants:
13th Finance commission - SDRF : Rs. 33, 581 Crore
(2010-15 ) NDRF : Rs 17,360 Crore
Capacity Building Grant : Rs. 525 Crore
Disaster Response Reserve : Rs. 250 Crore-to
be constituted
• Strengthening of Fire and Emergency Services Rs. 700
crore
• Revamping of Civil Defence Rs. 300 crore
Non Plan Scheme-
Revamping of Fire Services (` 87519 crore to
Plan Schemes-
Externally Aided Projects:
• Financial Assistance to ATIs/other training institutes (
@30 Lakhs/per institute)/@ 25 lakh/centre of Excellence
ULBs),apportion of which available for Fire Services.
• GOI-UNDP DRR Programme - (MHA/NDMA)
• NCRMP ( Rs.1496.71 Crore) - (NDMA/Odisha & AP)
• GOI-USAID DMS Project - (MHA/NIDM/Trg.
Institutes)
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22. National Disaster Response Force
• NDRF consists of 8 battalions, with 144 self sustaining teams for rendering
effective response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
• Four battalions are for natural disasters and four for NBC.
• NBC battalions will also be trained in combating natural disasters.
• The force will be equipped with State of the Art equipment and will be
deployed in anticipatory manner to provide instantaneous response.
• It will work under NDMA and will be located at nine vulnerable locations.
• They will maintain close liaison with the State Governments and will
be available to them automatically, thus, avoiding long procedural delays.
• Four Training Centres have been set up by PMF to train their respective NDRF
Battalions.
• They will also meet the requirement of States/ UTs.
• NDRF Battalions will impart basic training to State Disaster Response Force in
their respective locations.
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23. Tools of Disaster Management
 Hazard Management and Vulnerability Reduction
 Economic Diversification
 Political Intervention
 Public Awareness.
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24. Technologies of Disaster Risk Management
 Mapping
 Communication
 Information management system
 Aerial photography
 Remote sensing
 Epidemiology
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25. KASHMIR FLOODS : 2014
)
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Kashmir Floods -2014

26. KASHMIR FLOODS : 2014
 The J & K State and adjoining areas received heavy
rainfall from 2nd September 2014.
 Both Jehlum & Chenab River were flowing above their
danger levels
 On 5th September, the Jhelum river in srinagar
reported to be flowing at 22.40 feet (6.83m ) which was
4.40 feet (1.34m ) above the DangerMark and at 33 feet
(10m) at sangham in Anantnag district above the
danger mark .
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31. State Disaster Risk Management Authorities in J & K
 State DisasterManagement Authority(SDMA)
 Divisional and District DisasterManagement Authority.
 Local Authorities
 Emergency Operation Centres
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32. IMPACT OF FLOODS on J & K Economy
Kashmir Saffron It suffers Rs. 668 Cr loss
Telecommunication Loss suffered by BSNL
telecommunication sector is Rs 400 Cr
Tourism The infrastructural loss to the industry is about
Rs . 175 Cr
Education Education has been affected badly .students
lost everything their
homes,household,footwear,books and even
uniforms.
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33. Existed on Paper But,
Enforcement Lacking.
Most Crucial Responder -
NOT Formally Part of
Response Plan.
Technological Shortfall -
Many Lives Could have
Been Saved.
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34. Future Challenges of September, 2014 - Floods
 The first & Major challenge is health problem. Floods
have a impact on people’s psychosocial and mental health
 The another big challenge is shelter & survival of those
people without home during this chilly & cold winter
 There is the possibility of massive job cuts after floods in
private sector. Therefore, managing unemployed youth is
one of the big challenge before government
 There is the possibility of Mismanagement and misuse of
flood related funds (i.e. Rehabilitation and
Reconstruction) which may trigger massive agitation from
various quarters of the society
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35. CONCLUSIONS
 That presently Disaster Management Mechanism in
J & K state is not in place
 Implementation of what has been proposed by
different authorities and acts at Central and State level
has been very slow
 There is a great need of Introducing Modern
Technologies like Mapping, Remote Sensing, Aerial
Photography and EarlyWarning System in the State
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36. RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESTIONS
 Early warning System should be given installed in
future as the state has miserably failed to develop any
system till date
 Unplanned growth which obstructs natural drainage
resulting in increased flood should be restricted
 Afforestration should be encouraged by government
among people, NGOs, corporate sector, School &
higher education departments
 The Govt and State disaster work force must remain
always cautious. During recent floods Govt was not
prepared at all.
 There is the great need to strengthen weak bunds of
the major rivers of J & K well in advance
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37. Contd ….
 Proper river bank protection by constructing
embankments and using anti-erosion measures should
be taken up on a large scale
 Construction of residential colonies on river banks and
flood plains should not be allowed and offenders
should be strictly dealt under law
 Modern concepts & Technologies like Remote Sensing,
Aerial Photography, Epidemiology and Information
Management should be introduced in the states.
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38. Contd ….
 Hydrology Studies in flood prone areas should be done
so as to avert severe impact of floods
 Forecast and Warning Systems should be established
in different districts of the state
 Area Flood Mapping using Remote Sensing should be
prepared in advance to make future preparedness
plans and evacuation capabilities should be enhanced
in the areas
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39. Contd ….
 Incentives, subsidies, financial help or ensuring soft
loans with marginal interest rates from banks and
other financial institutions for people to enable them
to retrofit existing buildings should be encouraged
 There is a great need for sensitization of people living
in vulnerable areas and spreading of awareness about
safe construction procedures
 There is a need for Review and amendment of laws
and rules relating to constructions and buildings to
make it mandatory for observing building codes and
disaster related safety measures, guidelines of NDMA,
SDMA and DDMAs in respect of new constructions.
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40. “EVERY DISASTER
MUST BE TREATED
AS AN
OPPORTUNITY TO BUILD BACK BETTER”
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41. THANK YOU
for your Patience
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