A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of Education; Pakistan
Stages or periods of development and learning
2. SALMA D/O DR BASHIR AHMED RIND
ROLL NO: 2K18/BEDS/68
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
SECTION II
ASSIGNED BY: DR. AMJAD ALI ARAIN
3. OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
1. Concept of development
2. Main five periods in development
1. Prenatal
2. Infancy
3. Childhood
Early childhood
Middle childhood
Late childhood
4. Adolescence
5. Adulthood
4. 1. DEVELOPMENT
“Systematic changes and continuities in the
individual that occur between conception and
death or from womb to tomb”
Change and improvements in bodily functions
Continuous process throughout the life
The end of development means the end of the
life
5. FIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
1. Prenatal
2. Infancy
3. Childhood
4. Adolescence
5. Adulthood
6. 2. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
1. Prenatal stage
The word prenatal is composed of two words; Pre means
before, natal means birth.
Whatever changes, transformation and modification occur
before the birth of a child is called Prenatal period.
The stage starts at the time of fusion of ovum and sperm.
Then this fusion of two cells create a human being further.
All the alteration that occur in zygote and embryo with in the
womb of mother come in the category of Prenatal period.
7. 2. INFANCY ( BIRTH TO 2 YEARS)
Characteristics
of the age
Best feeding age
A child is completely dependant on mother or caregiver
Trust and mistrust is developed at this stage in a child
Autonomy and self independency is at the peak
Physical, cognitive and social developments are at the
height
8. 3. CHILDHOOD PERIOD
Childhood covers the time period from 3 to 12 years.
Whole period before puberty is termed as childhood
period
Best age in the life of a child, where a child forms
personality, behavior and attitude.
This age leads immense effect on the upcoming ages
9. The age is further divided into three sub stages
Early childhood (3 to 6 Years)
Middle childhood ( 7 to 10 years)
Late childhood ( 8 to 12 Years)
Early Childhood Period ( 3 to 6 Years)
Characteristics of the age
Pre school age
Initiative level
Rapid growth in a child
Interaction with friends is increased
A child gives more importance to play at this stage in order to
explore and seek new internal skills and abilities
Good environment and boosting enhances confident of a child and
lack of appreciation and demotivation leads towards guilt and shame
10. Middle childhood ( 7 to 10)
More hard work and diligence is done by a child
The sense of pride and success is developed within a
child
A child wants to compete others and win the success
Late Childhood ( 8 to 12)
Intellectual capability is high
Slower rate of physical
development
Most of the time is spent
out of the home in friends
circle
11. 4. ADOLESCENCE PERIOD (13 TO 19)
The age is termed as the Teen age
Self identity makers
Usually the age is called as devil and emotional age
Children seem more powerful and energetic
The quality of curiosity, eagerness and raising
questions is developed
The end of adolescence age means an individual is
legally and socially matured
12. 5. ADULTHOOD PERIOD ( 20 TO 40 YEARS)
More mature is an individual
Closeness is transferred from friends to belongings
and family members at the home
More responsible and duty bound becomes a person
13. CONCLUSION
All ages are interrelated and dependant on each other
If earlier periods of a child’s life are spent in good manner
then ultimately effects positively on the latter ages.
Hence, each and every age of a child ought to be given
importance and value by parents. So that a good human being
can be produced.