6. Effects of Tonicity on RBCs Hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions affect the fluid volume of a red blood cell. Notice the crenated and swollen cells.

12. Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

14. Phagocytosis or “Cell-Eating”

16. Vesicular Transport: Exocytosis

24. Permeable to water, Not permeable to solutes Presence of a membrane Impermeable to solute That leads to the volume Changes associated with Osmosis.

28. Water diffuses in Water diffuses out

31. Transport, the big picture fig 4-15

32. Facilitated diffusion (properties) Passive, carrier mediated Examples: glucose into most cells (not luminal membrane of kidney or intestine), urea, some amino acids Kinetics: shows: passive shows: carrier mediated

33. Non-mediated vs. mediated transport fig 4-9

34. Primary active transport (Na + /K + ATPase pump) 3 Na + ’s out, 2 K + ’s in, 1 ATP hydrolyzed fig 4-11

35. Primary active transport (Na + /K + ATPase pump) 3 Na + ’s out, 2 K + ’s in, 1 ATP hydrolyzed fig 4-11

36. Primary active transport kinetics shows active transport shows carrier mediated

37. Effect of Na + /K + ATPase pump fig 4-12

38. Secondary active transport fig 4-13

39. Secondary active transport properties Active (energy from ion gradient, usually Na + ) Carrier mediated Can be cotransport (symport) or countertransport (antiport) Examples (many): Na + /amino acids, Na + /glucose (luminal membrane kidney, GI tract), *Na + /H + kidney, *Ca ++ /3Na + muscle, *Cl - /HCO 3 - red cell. (* = countertransport) Kinetics see primary active transport graphs

45. Mechanism of Na + Selective Reabsorption in Collecting Duct Figure 20-12: Aldosterone action in principal cells

48. Artial Natruretic Peptide: Regulates Na + & H 2 O Excretion Figure 20-15: Atrial natriuretic peptide

50. Potassium Balance: Critical for Excitable Heart & Nervous Tissues Figure 20-4: Osmolarity changes as fluid flows through the nephron

51. Potassium Balance: Critical for Excitable Heart & Nervous Tissues Figure 20-12: Aldosterone action in principal cells

53. Response to Dehydration & Osmolarity Imbalance

62. Acid/Base Homeostasis: Overview Figure 20-18: Hydrogen balance in the body

64. Kidney Hydrogen Ion Balancing: Proximal Tubule Figure 20-21: Proximal tubule secretion and reabsorption of filtered HCO 3 -

66. Kidney Hydrogen Ion Balancing: Collecting Duct Figure 20-22: Role of the intercalated cell in acidosis and alkalosis