2. 1. Atom C primer ialah atom C yang mengikat 1atom C lain.
Contoh :
2. Atom C sekunder ialah atom C yang mengikat 2 atom C lain.
Contoh :
3. 3. Atom C tersier ialah atom C yang mengikat 3 atom C lain.
Contoh :
4. Atom C kuarterner ialah atom C yang mengikat 4
atom C lain. Contoh :
4. Alkane is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon.
Alkane are a hydrocarbon with an open carbon
chain, and all its carbon inter-atom bond is single
The general formula of alkana is:
CnH2n+2
n = jumlah atom C
5. Jumlah Atom C Rumus Molekul Nama
1 CH4 Metana
2 C2H6 Etana
3 C3H8 Propana
4 C4H10 Butana
5 C5H12 Pentana
6 C6H14 Heksana
7 C7H16 Heptana
8 C8H18 Oktana
9 C9H20 Nonana
10 C10H22 Dekana
HOMOLOG = Deretan senyawa yang mengalami
penambahan jumlah atom secara teratur
6.
7.
8. 1. Alkane compounds consist two part, the in the front as the side chain name
and the one in the back as the parent chain name.
example:
CH3 Side chain
Rantai cabang
CH3—CH—CH2—CH3 Parent chain
Rantai induk
The name of the above compound is 2-methylbutane. Number of 2 shows the
posisition of C atom which binds the side chain. Methyl is the side chain and
butane is the parent chain.
9. 2. The main chain is the longest chain. If there is more than longest chain, the
chain with the biggest number of side will be choosen. Then the parent
chain is named as alkane with appropriate number of C atom
example:
3 2 1
CH2 —CH2 —CH3
ǀ
4 5 6 7 8
CH3—CH2— CH—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3
NOT
CH2 —CH2 —CH3
ǀ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CH3—CH2— CH—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3
10. 3. The side chain is named as alkyl, namely alkanes that have lost one
hydrogen so that general formula for alkyl group is CnH2n+1. in general,
the alkyl group names are same as alkane by changing the suffix ane
into yl.
Alkyl is a univalent radical containing only carbon and hydrogen
atoms arranged in a single chain. alkyl is alkanes atom which lost 1
H atom. Alkyl to form a circuit which can be simplified in the
formula:
11.
12. 4. The location side chain is expressed using number. For that reason, carbon
atoms in the parent chain are numbered. The numbering started from the
end of parent chain so that the side chain has a small number.
example:
CH3 CH3
ǀ ǀ
NOT
➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➃ ➂ ➁ ➀
CH3— CH—CH2—CH3 CH3— CH—CH2—CH3
13. 5. If there are two or more same sides, the name of the sides is started with a
Greek word
The Number of Side Chain
2 Di – 7 hepta –
3 tri – 8 okta –
4 tetra – 9 nona –
5 penta – 10 deka –
6 hexa –
CH3
➅ ➄ ➃ ➂ǀ ➁ ➀
CH3—CH2—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
ǀ
CH3 3,4-dimethylhexane
14. 6. Different side chains are organized alphabetically. For example, ethyl is
written before methyl and methyl is written before propyl
example:
➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➅ ➆
4-ethyl-2-methylheptana
not 2-methyl-4-ethylheptana
15. 7. If the numbering of carbon atom from both ends of the chain is the
same, then the side atom is expressed first and be given the smallest
number.
CH3 CH3
➀ ➁ ➂ ǀ ➃ ➄ ➅ ➅ ➄ ➃ ǀ ➂ ➁ ➀
CH3—CH2—CH—CH—CH2—CH3 CH3—CH2—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
ǀ ǀ
CH2—CH3
CH2—CH3
4-ethyl-3-methylhexane (wrong) 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane (right)
16. Penulisan nama dimulai dari nomor posisi terikat gugus alkil dan
diikuti tanda pemisah strip (-), nama alkil, dan nama rantai utama
(alkana)
Rantai utama (alkana)
Nomor cabang
CH3
➅ ➄ǀ ➃ ➂ ➁ ➀
CH3—CH2—CH—CH—CH2—CH3 2-etil-5-metilheksana
ǀ
CH2—CH3 Nama cabang(alkil)
Nama
2-etil-5-metilheksana cabang(alkil)
Nomor cabang
17. Berdasarkan aturan diatas, anda dapat menamakan
senyawa alkana dengan urutan sebagai berikut.
1. Carilah rantai terpanjang (rantai induk) yang berupa
rantai lurus ataupun tidak lurus.
2. Nomori rantai induk dengan dimulai dari ujung yang
paling dekat dengan percabangan.
3. Sebutkan nama cabang itu dan lekatkan nomor dan
nama cabang pada nama induknya.
