One in a regular series of slide sets on interesting data about alcohol and other drugs (and the wider issues to do with multiple needs) from a UK perspective.

1. Interesting things about
alcohol and other drugs
May 2017
ANDREW BROWN
@ANDREWBROWN365

2. Estimated proportion of the population who are alcohol dependent by upper tier
local authority
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Wokingham
Harrow
Windsorand…
WestBerkshire
Central…
Richmondupon…
Leicestershire
Kingstonupon…
Redbridge
Bromley
MiltonKeynes
WestSussex
Essex
Barnet
NorthSomerset
Bexley
Suffolk
Warwickshire
Devon
CheshireEast
Lincolnshire
BathandNorth…
Somerset
Worcestershire
Kent
EastSussex
Hillingdon
Hounslow
Brent
Poole
Sutton
Nottinghamshire
Medway
Ealing
Reading
Kirklees
Calderdale
Westminster
Cumbria
WalthamForest
Warrington
Wandsworth
Cornwall&Isles…
Newham
Lancashire
Barkingand…
Sheffield
Lewisham
Dudley
Plymouth
Walsall
SouthTyneside
Doncaster
Birmingham
Darlington
Peterborough
Wakefield
Redcarand…
Newcastleupon…
Southampton
Oldham
Coventry
Lambeth
Portsmouth
Gateshead
Bournemouth
Wirral
Sefton
Stoke-on-Trent
Islington
Sunderland
Nottingham
Kingstonupon…
Knowsley
Middlesbrough
Blackpool
%Dependencerate
Source: Estimates of alcohol dependence in England, including estimates of children living in a household with an adult with alcohol dependence; supplementary tables (PHE, 2017)

3. Estimated number of children who live with opiate users, by region
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
East of
England
East Midlands London North East North West South East South West West Midlands Yorkshire and
the Humber
Female Opiate Users
Male Opiate Users
Source: Estimates of the number of children who live with opiate users, England 2011/12 (PHE, 2017)

4. Comparison of issues between families affected and not affected by domestic
abuse in Troubled Family cohort
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Police call-outs
Mental-health issue
Rent arrears
Alcohol or drug dependency
Drug dependency
ASB incident with no futher investigation
Alcohol dependency
ASB incident with futher investigation
NEET
Homelessness applications
A week or more homeless
Missing from education
Evictions
Families without a domestic abuse problem
Families with a domestic abuse problem
2,499 families with a domestic abuse
problem, 8,087 families without a
domestic abuse problem
Source: National evaluation of the Troubled Families Programme 2015 - 2020: family outcomes – national and local datasets: part 1 (DCLG, 2017)

5. Proportion of alcohol consumption during pregnancy according to European
country.
4%
7%
10%
12%
13%
14%
15%
18%
21%
27%
29%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30% To our knowledge, this is the first study
comparing alcohol consumption during
pregnancy across eleven of the European
countries using the same method for
collecting data and taking maternal
sociodemographic and smoking before
pregnancy into account. We found that
almost 16% of the European women
consumed alcohol during pregnancy after
recognized pregnancy and of these 39%
consumed at least one unit per month. There
were, however, large variations between the
countries. Some of these differences can be
explained by level of education and smoking
before pregnancy. However, a large part of
the differences remained unexplained.
Mårdby, Ann-Charlotte, et al. "Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy—A multinational European study." Women and Birth (2017).

6. Trend in anti-HCV prevalence among people injecting psychoactive drugs in
England.
40%
42%
44%
46%
48%
50%
52%
54%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: Hepatitis C in the UK (PHE, 2017)

7. The proportion of the non drinking population saying that the reason they don’t
drink is because they have been hurt by someone else’s drinking
3%
15% 16% 16% 16%
18%
20%
22%
31% 31%
35% 35% 36% 37% 38%
42%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Source: Comparative monitoring of alcohol epidemiology across the EU (PARPA, 2017)

8. Prevalence of getting drunk at least once a month in the UK by gender and age
group
13%
7%
16%
10%
4%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
Male Female 18–34 35–49 50+
Source: Comparative monitoring of alcohol epidemiology across the EU (PARPA, 2017)

9. Proportion of UK population saying “yes” about…
16%
17%
9%
3%
19%
21%
12%
4%
12% 12%
6%
3%
23%
27%
14%
5%
17%
16%
12%
3%
7% 7%
2% 2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Feel guilty about drinking Ever blacked out Not done what is expected of you Drink in the morning
Total Male Female 18–34 35–49 50+
Source: Comparative monitoring of alcohol epidemiology across the EU (PARPA, 2017)

10. Proportion of needle and syringe programme (NSP) clients in the Cheshire and
Merseyside areas who were anabolic steroid users, 1995 and 2015
17.1%
54.9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1995 2015
Cheshire and Merseyside, with a total population of
2,430,284 was served by 18 agency NSPs in 2015
and 17 agency NSPs in 1995.
A total of 2446 individual steroid users accessed
agency needle and syringe programmes across
Cheshire and Merseyside in 2015 compared with
553 in 1995, representing a 342% increase over the
period.
Data indicate that anabolic steroid use is most
common in the male age group of 20–29. This has
been calculated for both years, indicating an
increase from 1.88 per 1000 population to 5.72 per
1000 population.
McVeigh, J. and Begley, E., 2016. Anabolic steroids in the UK: an increasing issue for public health. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, pp.1-8.

11. Statistically significant % difference in outcome for BME defendants compared to
white ethnic group for drug offences in 2014
24%
-10%
-29%
15%
83%
116%
5%
41%
-40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140%
Of charged, % proceeded against in a magistrates’ court
Of proceeded against, % convicted in a magistrates’ court
Of convicted, % receiving a custodial sentence in a magistrates’ court
Of charged, % tried in a Crown Court
Of tried in a Crown Court, % remanded in custody
Of tried in a Crown Court, % pleading not guilty
Of tried in a Crown Court, % convicted
Of convicted in a Crown Court, % receiving a custodial sentence
Source: Building Trust: How our courts can improve the criminal court experience for Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic defendants (Centre for Justice Innovation)

12. The estimated number of high risk drug users in Great Britain
293,879
61,500 63,300
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
England Scotland Wales
In England, estimates are produced for opioid
and/or crack cocaine users (together and
separately) and injecting among users of
those drugs.
In Scotland, PDU refers to the problematic use
of opioids and/or the illicit use of
benzodiazepines and drug injecting.
Wales look at injecting drug use or long
duration/regular use of opioids, cocaine
and/or amphetamines.
Source: United Kingdom Drug Situation: Focal Point Annual Report 2016 (PHE, 2017)

13. Numbers of people presenting to drug treatment, by setting, in the UK, in 2015
80,446
28,400
1,238 1,031 601
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Outpatients Prison (Eng & NI
only)
Inpatients GP (Eng only) Other
A total of 1,086 treatment centres reported Treatment
Demand Indicator data through national treatment
monitoring systems in the UK during 2015.
Of these:
• 71% provided outpatient services (n=775)
• 10% provided inpatient services (n=110)
• 12% were treatment services in prison (n=131) and
• 4.5% were GP services (n=49)
72% of all clients presenting to drug treatment in the UK
during 2015 were treated in outpatient centres. Opioid
users make up a larger proportion of clients within
inpatient and GP services than within outpatient
services.
Source: United Kingdom Drug Situation: Focal Point Annual Report 2016 (PHE, 2017)

14. Injecting status among all clients entering treatment in the United
Kingdom, 2015
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
Ever injected, but not currently Currently injecting (in last
month)
Never injected
Previously treated clients
New treatment clients
The majority (62%) of clients presenting to
treatment reported that they had never injected
drugs, with 16% reporting current injecting.
Previously treated clients were three times more
likely to report currently injecting than new
treatment clients.
Primary opioid users accounted for 90% of current
injectors, with amphetamine users accounting for
2.4%.
Heroin users were most likely to inject, with over
one-third (37%) of treatment entrants citing
injecting as their primary route of administration.
Source: United Kingdom Drug Situation: Focal Point Annual Report 2016 (PHE, 2017)

15. Proportions of the treatment population entering treatment for heroin and
cannabis, 2005-2015
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2013 2014 2015
Opioids Cannabis Figures are not
directly comparable
to previous years
Source: United Kingdom Drug Situation: Focal Point Annual Report 2016 (PHE, 2017)

16. Injecting drug use in
Scotland

17. Housing status of users of injecting equipment provision (IEP) in Glasgow city
during 2015 who reported injecting heroin and/or cocaine.
74%
23%
3%
68%
27%
5%
56%
33%
11%
41% 43%
16%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Owner or renting Homeless Roofless
All clients ‘Regular clients’ ≥5 transactions
‘High frequency clients’ ≥50 transactions Clients receiving IEP via Assertive Outreach
Source: The health needs of people who inject drugs in public places in Glasgow city centre (NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, 2016)
People who inject drugs in public
places in Glasgow are
predominantly male, aged
between 30 and 50 years and of
Scottish origin. Both local data
and the published literature
indicate that people involved in
public injecting experience a
combination of severe social
vulnerabilities often referred to as
‘multiple exclusion’ or ‘severe and
multiple disadvantage’:
Homelessness and housing
instability are particularly
prevalent.

18. Time since onset of injecting of those taking part in the Needle Exchange
Surveillance Initiative survey in Scotland
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
< 2yrs 2 - 5 yrs 6 - 10 yrs 11 - 15 yrs >15 yrs
2008-09 2010 2011-12 2013-14 2015-16
Source: Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) 2008-09 to 2015-16 (NHS Scotland 2017)

19. Proportion drug users in Scotland who have injected drugs in the last six months,
by drug injected
2%
3%
3%
3%
4%
4%
10%
13%
93%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Other
Crack
Temazepam/Diazepam
IPED
Heroin + cocaine
Amphetamines
Legal Highs
Cocaine
Heroin
Heroin continues to be the
most prevalent drug injected
with over 90% of those
interviewed in 2015-16
reporting use in the past six
months, similar to levels in
previous NESI surveys.
Reported injecting of cocaine
has increased in recent years
from 9% in 2010 (n=217) to
13% (n=287) in 2015-16
Source: Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) 2008-09 to 2015-16 (NHS Scotland 2017)
n = 2,207

20. Frequency of injecting in the last six months amongst those reporting injecting
drugs in the last six months
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Less than weekly Weekly not daily Daily or more
2008-09 2010 2011-12 2013-14 2015-16
Source: Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) 2008-09 to 2015-16 (NHS Scotland (2017)

21. Prescription of naloxone and the proportion carrying it on date of survey
8%
15%
32%
5%
51%
6%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Prescribed take-home naloxone in the past year Carrying any take-home naloxone with you today (among those
prescribed take-home naloxone)
2011-12 2013-14 2015-16
Source: Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI) 2008-09 to 2015-16 (NHS Scotland 2017)