Talk given at Automotive UI 2009, Essen, Germany, September 22, 2009.

1. Glancing at Personal Navigation Devices can Influence Driving Andrew Kun, Tim Paek,Zeljko Medenica, Nemanja Memarovic, Oskar Palinko

2. Outline Navigation study: experiment Results Conclusion

3. Navigation study With vs. without map: Time looking at the road? Effect on driving performance? Voice instructionfor both 8 male subjects

5. 2 Driving scenario 1 2 3 3 1

6. Seeingmachines eye tracker tinyurl.com/eyetracker

7. Visual attention Fixations (> 100 ms): number, timing, etc. Percent dwell time: looking at road

8. Driving performance Variance: Lane position Steering wheel angle Velocity Collisions

9. Effect of visual attention? Average variances (13 segments) Cross-correlation peaks: PDT decrease -> variance increase?

11. Outline Navigation study: experiment Results Conclusion

12. Camera setup Front camera Eye tracker camera Rear camera

13. Standard PND

14. Voice-only PND

15. Questions Influence on visual attention? If yes, effect on driving performance?

16. PDT on the outside world

17. Questions Influence on visual attention? If yes, effect on driving performance?

18. Cross-correlation

19. Cross-correlation, gazes > 200 ms

20. Fixations at standard PND screen

21. Outline Navigation study: experiment Results Conclusion

22. Conclusion Display: (visual attention)↘ (visual attention)↘ -> (variances↗) (long gazes at PND) -> (variances↗) Display viewing: 60% of gazes last >200ms Collision risk: need testing But…

23. I prefer to have a PND screen…

24. Design implications Must earn users’ trust. Complicated displays may reduce visual attention even more. Small screen? Voice-only may be just fine.

25. Next? “You’re on the right track.” Complex environments? Augmented reality.

26. Acknowledgements US DOJ (NIJ, COPS) Microsoft Research TellMe