Знакомство с XSLT

XSLT is . . .

XML
XSLT
XSL-FO
XPath

Аналогия

XML HTML
~
+ +
XSLT CSS

Аналогия

XML HTML
~
+ +
XSLT CSS

XPath Selector

Назначение

XSLT

XML XML

Назначение

XSLT

XML HTML

Сервер Браузер

Declaration

<xsl:stylesheet
    version=quot;1.0quot;
    xmlns:xsl=
    quot;http://www.w3.org/
     XSL/Transformquot;>
 
    . . .
 
</xsl:stylesheet>

Declaration

<?xml version=quot;1.0quot;?>
<xsl:stylesheet
    version=quot;1.0quot;
    xmlns:xsl=
    quot;http://www.w3.org/
     XSL/Transformquot;>
 
    . . .
 
</xsl:stylesheet>

Рабочий пример
<page>
    <sections>
       <item href=quot;politicsquot;>Политика</item>
       <item href=quot;worldquot;>В мире</item>
       <item href=quot;economyquot;>Экономика</item>
       <item href=quot;societyquot;>Общество</item>
    </sections>
</page>

<page>
       <item href=quot;politicsquot;>
           <name>Политика</name>
           <item href=quot;russiaquot;>В России</item>
           <item href=quot;foreignquot;>Внешняя...</item>
           <item href=quot;senatequot;>Совет...</item>
       </item>
       <item href=quot;worldquot;>В мире</item>
       <item href=quot;economyquot;>Экономика</item>
       <item href=quot;societyquot;>Общество</item>
</page>

<page>
       <item href=quot;politicsquot;>
           <name>Политика</name>
           <item href=quot;russiaquot;>
               <name>В России</name>
           </item>
           <item href=quot;foreignquot;>
               <name>Внешняя политика</name>
           </item>
           <item href=quot;senatequot;>
               <name>Совет Федерации</name>
           </item>
       </item>
       . . .
     </sections>
</page>

Рабочий пример. Вариант 1
<page>
       <item href=quot;politicsquot; name=quot;Политикаquot;>
           <item href=quot;russiaquot; name=quot;В Россииquot;/>
           <item href=quot;foreignquot; name=quot;Внешняя...quot;/>
           <item href=quot;senatequot; name=quot;Совет...quot;/>
       </item>
       <item href=quot;worldquot; name=quot;В миреquot;/>
       <item href=quot;economyquot; name=quot;Экономикаquot;/>
       <item href=quot;societyquot; name=quot;Обществоquot;/>
</page>

Ожидаемый результат
<ul>
   <li>
      <a href=quot;/politics/quot;>Политика</a>
      <ul>
         <li><a href=quot;/politics/russia/quot;>В России</a></li>
         <li><a href=quot;/politics/foreign/quot;>Внешняя...</a></li>
         <li><a href=quot;/politics/senate/quot;>В России</a></li>
      </ul>
   </li>
   <li>
      <a href=quot;/world/quot;>В мире</a>
   </li>
   <li>
      <a href=quot;/society/quot;>Общество</a>
   </li>
</ul>

XSLT
<?xml version=quot;1.0quot; encoding=quot;UTF‐8quot;?>
<xsl:stylesheet version=quot;1.0quot;
   xmlns:xsl=quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transformquot;>

<xsl:output
    encoding=quot;UTF‐8quot;
    indent=quot;yesquot;/>

</xsl:stylesheet>

XSLT
<xsl:stylesheet version=quot;1.0quot;
   xmlns:xsl=quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transformquot;>

<xsl:output
    encoding=quot;UTF‐8quot;
    indent=quot;yesquot;/>

<xsl:template match=quot;/pagequot;>
    <div>
        <xsl:for‐each select=quot;sections/itemquot;>
            <a href=quot;{@href}quot;>
                <xsl:value‐of select=quot;@namequot;/>
            </a>
        </xsl:for‐each>
    </div>
</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

XSLT

    <div>
            </a>
    </div>
</xsl:template>

XSLT и XPath

XPath

    <div>
            </a>
    </div>
</xsl:template>

XML + XSLT <page>
       </item>
</page>

    <div>
            </a>
    </div>
</xsl:template>

HTML
<div>
  <a href=quot;politicsquot;>Политика</a>
  <a href=quot;worldquot;>В мире</a>
  <a href=quot;economyquot;>Экономика</a>
  <a href=quot;societyquot;>Общество</a>
</div>

XML + XSLT <page>
       </item>
</page>

    <div>
            </a>
            ? <xsl:for‐each select=quot;itemquot;> ?
    </div>
</xsl:template>

XSLT
    <div>
        <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;sections/itemquot;/>
    </div>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match=quot;itemquot;>
    <a href=quot;{@href}quot;>
        <xsl:value‐of select=quot;@namequot;/>
    </a>
    <xsl:if test=quot;itemquot;>
        <div>
            <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;itemquot;/>
        </div>
    </xsl:if>
</xsl:template>

XML + XSLT
    <div>
        <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;sections/itemquot;/>
    </div>
</xsl:template>

    <a href=quot;{@href}quot;>
    </a>
    <xsl:if test=quot;itemquot;>
        <div>
            <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;itemquot;/>
        </div>
    </xsl:if>
</xsl:template>

XML + XSLT = HTML

<div>
   <a href=quot;politicsquot;>Политика</a>
   <div>
      <a href=quot;russiaquot;>В России</a>
      <a href=quot;foreignquot;>Внешняя политика</a>
      <a href=quot;senatequot;>Совет Федерации</a>
   </div>
   <a href=quot;worldquot;>В мире</a>
   <a href=quot;economyquot;>Экономика</a>
   <a href=quot;societyquot;>Общество</a>
</div>

XML + XSLT = HTML

<div>
   <a href=quot;/politics/quot;>Политика</a>
   <div>
      <a href=quot;/politics/russia/quot;>В России</a>
      <a href=quot;/politics/foreign/quot;>Внешняя политика</a>
      <a href=quot;/politics/senate/quot;>Совет Федерации</a>
   </div>
   <a href=quot;/world/quot;>В мире</a>
   <a href=quot;/economy/quot;>Экономика</a>
   <a href=quot;/society/quot;>Общество</a>
</div>

XSLT
    <a href=quot;/{@href}/quot;>
    </a>
    . . .
</xsl:template>

XSLT
        <xsl:if test=quot;parent::itemquot;>
            <xsl:attribute name=quot;hrefquot;>
                <xsl:text>/</xsl:text>
                <xsl:value‐of select=quot;../item/@hrefquot;/>
                <xsl:text>/</xsl:text>
                <xsl:value‐of select=quot;@hrefquot;/>
                <xsl:text>/</xsl:text>
            </xsl:attribute>
        </xsl:if>
    </a>
    . . .
</xsl:template>

Рабочий пример. Вариант 2
<page>
       <item href=quot;politicsquot; name=quot;Политикаquot;/>
       <item href=quot;russiaquot; name=quot;В Россииquot;
             parent=quot;politicsquot;/>
       <item href=quot;foreignquot; name=quot;Внешняя...quot;
       <item href=quot;senatequot; name=quot;Совет...quot;
</page>

XSLT
    <div>
        <xsl:apply‐templates
            select=quot;sections/item[not (@parent)]quot;/>
    </div>
</xsl:template>

XSLT
        <xsl:if test=quot;@parentquot;>
            <xsl:attribute name=quot;hrefquot;>
                <xsl:text>/</xsl:text>
                <xsl:value‐of select=quot;@parentquot;/>
                <xsl:text>/</xsl:text>
                <xsl:value‐of select=quot;@hrefquot;/>
                <xsl:text>/</xsl:text>
            </xsl:attribute>
        </xsl:if>
    </a>
    <xsl:if test=quot;../item[@parent = current()/@href]quot;>
        <div>
            <xsl:apply‐templates
                select=quot;../item[@parent = current()/@href]quot;/>
        </div>
    </xsl:if>
</xsl:template>

XSLT
    <a href=quot;/{@parent}/{@href}/quot;>
       <xsl:value‐of select=quot;@namequot;/>
    </a>
    <xsl:if test=quot;../item[@parent = current()/@href]quot;>
        <div>
            <xsl:apply‐templates
                select=quot;../item[@parent = current()/@href]quot;/>
        </div>
    </xsl:if>
</xsl:template>

Примеры XPath-выражений
a a[last()]
* a[position() = 2]
a[1] a[position() = last()]
a[b]
a[@c] a[@title = quot;xxxquot;]
/a a[count (b) = 3]
//a
a/b a[@title = @title2 and count (b) != 0]
a//b a[@title = @title2][count (b) != 0]
.
.. a/*[name() = quot;unknownquot;]
./a a/*/b[@name or @sirname]
@c
./@c ../../../a[d]//b[not (@title)]/text()
@*
* | text() tr[position() mod 2 = 1]

Оси XPath (axis)
self::b
parent::b
child::b

descendant::b
ancestor::b

descendant‐or‐self::b
ancestor‐or‐self::b

following‐sibling::b
preceding‐sibling::b

attribute::c
namespace::ns

Оси XPath (axis)
self::b .
parent::b ../b
child::b b

descendant::b .//b
ancestor::b

descendant‐or‐self::b .//b | .
ancestor‐or‐self::b

following‐sibling::b ../*[position() < 
preceding‐sibling::b current()/position()]

attribute::c @c
namespace::ns

Арифметические операции в XPath
<xsl:value‐of select=quot;3quot;/>
<xsl:value‐of select=quot;1 + 2quot;/>

<xsl:value‐of select=quot;@price + @taxquot;/>
<xsl:value‐of select=quot;@salary * 0.87quot;/>

<xsl:value‐of select=quot;@visitors div 365quot;/>
<xsl:value‐of select=quot;@days mod 7quot;/>

Строковые функции в XPath
string (123)

concat (quot;alphaquot;, quot;betaquot;)
concat (node/@attr, quot;, quot;, @value)

starts‐with (name(), quot;itemquot;)
ends‐width

contains (text(), quot;Tiananmenquot;)

substring (quot;20070102quot;, 5, 2)

substring‐before (quot;2007‐01‐02quot;, quot;‐quot;);
substring‐after (quot;Aug 2007quot;, quot; quot;);

string‐length (text())

Прочие функции в XPath
<item value=quot;5quot;/>
<item value=quot;2.3”/>
<item value= quot;‐9.3quot;/>

<xsl:value‐of select=quot;sum (item/@value)quot;/>

<xsl:value‐of select=quot;number (text())quot;/>

<xsl:value‐of select=quot;floor (@value)quot;/>
<xsl:value‐of select=quot;ceiling (@value)quot;/>
<xsl:value‐of select=quot;round (@value)quot;/>

<xsl:value‐of select=quot;translate (text(), 
                     ‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz’,
                     ‘ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ’quot;

Элементы XSLT
<xsl:import href=quot;another.xsltquot;/>
<xsl:include href=quot;more.xsltquot;/>

<xsl:output
   method=quot;htmlquot; | quot;xmlquot; | quot;textquot;
 encoding=quot;KOI8‐Rquot;
 indent=quot;yesquot; | quot;noquot;
/>

Элементы XSLT
<xsl:import href=quot;another.xsltquot;/>
<xsl:include href=quot;more.xsltquot;/>

<xsl:output
   method=quot;htmlquot; | quot;xmlquot; | quot;textquot;
 encoding=quot;KOI8‐Rquot;
 indent=quot;yesquot; | quot;noquot;
/>

<xsl:template match=quot;paraquot;>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template name=quot;template‐namequot;>
</xsl:template>

Последовательность обхода XSLT
<xsl:template match=quot;/quot;>
</xsl:template>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match=quot;/page/sectionsquot;>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template name=quot;sections/itemquot;>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template name=quot;itemquot;>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match=quot;item[item]quot;/>

Обработка узлов (создание дерева)
   <html>
      <head>
         <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;cssquot;/>
         <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;jsquot;/>
      </head>
      <body>
         <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;contentquot;/>
      </body>
   </html>
</xsl:template>

Обработка узлов
   <html>
      <head>
         <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;cssquot;/>
         <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;jsquot;/>
      </head>
      <body>
         <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;contentquot;/>
      </body>
   </html>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match=quot;pagequot;>
   <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;.quot;/>
</xsl:template>

<css>
   <item>default.css</item>
   <item>weather.css</item>
</css>

<xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;cssquot;/> 

<xsl:template match=quot;cssquot;>
   <xsl:for‐each select=quot;itemquot;>
      <link
         rel=quot;stylesheetquot;
         type=quot;text/cssquot;
         href=quot;text()quot;
      />
   </xsl:for‐each>
</xsl:template>

<js>
   <item>default.js</item>
   <item>gwt.js</item>
</js>

<xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;jsquot;/> 

<xsl:template match=quot;jsquot;>
   <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;itemquot;/>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match=quot;js/itemquot;>
   <script type=quot;text/javascriptquot; src=quot;text()quot;>
   </script>
</xsl:template>

mode
<xsl:template match=quot;cssquot; mode=quot;headerquot;>
   <xsl:for‐each select=quot;itemquot;>
      <link rel=quot;stylesheetquot; type=quot;text/cssquot;
         href=quot;{text()}quot; />
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match=quot;cssquot; mode=quot;debugquot;>
   <ul>
      <xsl:for‐each select=quot;itemquot;>
         <li>
            <xsl:value‐of select=quot;text()quot;/>
         </li>
      </xsl:for‐each>
   </ul>
</xsl:template>

mode
   <html>
      <head>
         <xsl:apply‐templates
            select=quot;cssquot;
            mode=quot;headerquot;
         />
      </head>
      <body>
         <xsl:apply‐templates
            select=quot;cssquot;
            mode=quot;debugquot;
         />
      </body>
   </html>
</xsl:template>

Шаблон с именем
<xsl:template name=quot;copywrightquot;>
   <div id=quot;Copywrightquot;>
      <xsl:text>© </xsl:text>
      <xsl:value‐of select=quot;/page/manifest/date/@year”/>
   </div>
</xsl:template>

   . . .
    <body>
       <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;contentquot;/>
       <xsl:call‐template name=quot;copywrightquot;/>
    </body>
   . . .
</xsl:template>

Создание элементов
<xsl:element name=quot;bodyquot;>
    <xsl:copy‐of
        select=quot;/page/content/* | /page/content/text()quot;/>
</xsl:element>

Создание элементов и аттрибутов
   <xsl:attribute name=quot;stylequot;>
       <xsl:text>background: white</xsl:text>
   </xsl:attribute>
   <xsl:copy‐of
      select=quot;/page/content/* | /page/content/text()quot;/>
</xsl:element>

Создание элементов и аттрибутов
   <xsl:attribute name=quot;stylequot;>
       <xsl:text>background: white</xsl:text>
   </xsl:attribute>
   <xsl:copy‐of
      select=quot;/page/content/* | /page/content/text()quot;/>
</xsl:element>

                          ≈

<body style=quot;background: whitequot;>
    <xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;/page/contentquot;/>
</body>

Комментарии
<!‐‐ xml comment ‐‐>

<xsl:text disable‐output‐escaping=quot;yesquot;>
    <!‐‐ strange comment ‐‐>
</xsl:text>

<xsl:comment>
   xslt comment
</xsl:comment>

Нумерация
<xsl:number
   level=quot;singlequot; | quot;multiplequot; | quot;anyquot;
   from=quot;sectionsquot;
   count=quot;itemquot;
   format=quot;Aquot; | quot;=1:2=quot;
/>

Нумерация
   <xsl:number format=quot;multiplequot;/>
   <a href=quot;{@href}quot;>
      <xsl:value‐of select=quot;{text()}quot;/>   
   </a>
   . . .
</xsl:template>

<div>
  1<a href=quot;/politics/quot;>Политика</a>
  <div>
    1.1<a href=quot;/russia/quot;>В России</a>
    1.2<a href=quot;/foreign/quot;>Внешняя политика</a>
    1.3<a href=quot;/senate/quot;>Совет Федерации</a>
  </div>
. . .

Условия
<xsl:if test=quot;@colour = ‘white’quot;>
   <xsl:apply‐templates/>
</xsl:if>

Условия
<xsl:if test=quot;@colour = ‘white’quot;>
   <xsl:apply‐templates/>
</xsl:if>

<xsl:choose>
   <xsl:when test=quot;@size < 10quot;>
      . . .
   </xsl:when>
   <xsl:when test=quot;@size = 10quot;>
      . . .
   </xsl:when>
   <xsl:otherwise>
      . . .
   </xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>

Сортировка
<xsl:sort
   select=quot;@hrefquot;
   order=quot;ascendingquot; | quot;descendingquot;
   case‐order= quot;upper‐firstquot; | quot;lower‐firstquot;
/>

<xsl:for‐each select=quot;itemquot;>
   <xsl:sort select=quot;text()quot;/>
   <a href=quot;{@href}quot;>
      <xsl:value‐of select=quot;text()quot;/>
   </a>
</xsl:for‐each>

Переменные
<xsl:variable name=quot;yearquot; select=quot;2007quot;/>

<xsl:value‐of select=quot;$yearquot;/>

<xsl:variable name=quot;yearquot; select=quot;2007quot;/>

<xsl:value‐of select=quot;$yearquot;/>

<xsl:variable name=quot;copywrightquot;>
   <p>
      <xsl:value‐of select=quot;$yearquot;/>
   </p>
   <ul>
      <xsl:for‐each select=quot;authors/itemquot;>
         <li>
            <xsl:value‐of select=quot;@namequot;/>
         </li>
      </xsl:for‐each>
   </ul>
</xsl:variable>

   <xsl:param name=quot;classquot;/>
   <div class=quot;$classquot;>
      ...
   </div>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;itemquot;>
   <xsl:with‐param name=quot;classquot; select=quot;’front’quot;/>
</xsl:apply‐templates>

   <xsl:param name=quot;classquot;/>
   <div class=quot;$classquot;>
      ...
   </div>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:apply‐templates select=quot;itemquot;>
   <xsl:with‐param name=quot;classquot;>front</xsl:with‐param>
</xsl:apply‐templates>

<xsl:variable
   name=quot;listquot;
   select=quot;document (‘site‐structure.xml’)quot;
/>

<xsl:template name=quot;site‐menuquot;>
   <xsl:for‐each select=quot;$list/sections/itemquot;>
      <a href=quot;{@href}quot;>
         <xsl:value‐of select=quot;text()quot;/>
      </a>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:variable
   name=quot;listquot;
   select=quot;document (‘http://example.com/structure.xml’)quot;
/>

<xsl:template name=quot;site‐menuquot;>
   <xsl:for‐each select=quot;$list/sections/itemquot;>
      <a href=quot;{@href}quot;>
         <xsl:value‐of select=quot;text()quot;/>
      </a>
</xsl:template>

Ключи
<xsl:key
   name=quot;childrenquot;
   match=quot;/page/sections/itemquot;
   use=quot;@parentquot;/>
    
<xsl:template match=quot;/page/sectionsquot;>
    <xsl:for‐each select=quot;item[not (@parent)]quot;>
        <a href=quot;{@href}quot;>
        </a>
        <xsl:for‐each select=quot;key ('children', @href)quot;>
            <xsl:if test=quot;position() != last()quot;>, </xsl:if>
    </xsl:for‐each>
</xsl:template>

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