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a) In reference to algorithm analysis, explain performance based on the number of basic operations executed b) In the same reference also explain problem cost vs. program cost Solution Answer : ( a )The run-time complexity for the worst-case scenario of a given algorithm can sometimes be evaluated by examining the structure of the algorithm and making some simplifying assumptions.A given computer will take a discrete amount of time to execute each of the instructions involved with carrying out an algorithm. The specific amount of time to carry out a given instruction will vary depending on which instruction is being executed and which computer is executing it. ( b ) Problem cost comprises of cost of understanding ,programming and cost of running a program where as program cost comprises cost of running a program . .

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A) member functions B) member variables C) constructor and destructor functions D) All of these E) None of these type of member variable may be accessed before any objects of the class have been created. 2) This A) private B) public C) inline D) static None of these 3) This operator may be used to assign one object to another. A) D) e E) None of these 4) CH requires that a copy cons parameter be a(n) A) integer data type B) floating point data type pointer variable D) reference object E) None of these 5) C++ allows you to redefine the way work when used with class objects A) compiler errors E) preprocessor directives C) standard operators D) undefined variables E) None of these 6 When objects contain pointers, it is a good idea to create an explicit function. A) insertion operator copy constructor static constructor D) inline constructor E) None of these Solution 1.b) member variable 2 d) static 3 a) = 4 d) reference object 5 c) standard operators 6 b) copy constructor .

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a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. (b) Cite two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion. Solution (a) With vacancy diffusion, atomic motion is from one lattice site to an adjacent vacancy. Self-diffusion and the diffusion of substitutional impurities proceed via this mechanism. On the other hand, atomic motion is from interstitial site to adjacent interstitial site for the interstitial diffusion mechanism. (b) Interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion because: (1) interstitial atoms, being smaller, are more mobile; and (2) the probability of an empty adjacent interstitial site is greater than for a vacancy adjacent to a host (or substitutional impurity) atom. .

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A.Sodium sulfate is dissociating in water. B.Ethylene glycol contains ionic bonds. C.Molecules containing covalent bonds tend to fully dissociate in water. D.Solid sodium sulfate contains ionic bonds. E.Ethylene glycol contains covalent bonds. F.Ethylene glycol is dissociating in water. G.Ethylene glycol contains some ionic and some covalent bonds. H.Solid sodium sulfate contains covalent bonds. Consider the particulate mode on the right contains a solution of sodium sulfate. I below to answer the following questions. T he beaker on the left contains a solution of e thylene glycol, and the beaker Solution Sol:- A. True , sodium sulphate salt is a strong electrolyte and dissociated completely in aqueous solution as shown in the fig. bigger ions in sodium sulphate solution are of sulphates. B.False , ethylene glycol only contains covalent bonds , because all the atoms in ethylene glycol are non metals . C.False , molecules contains covalent bonds are not dissociated fully in water.because molecule containing covalent bonds are generally insoluble in water. D.True , because solid sodium sulphate contains ionic bonding between Na^+ and SO4^2- ions. E.True as ethylene glycol contains covalent bonds only. F. False as ethylene glycol contains covalent bonds and covalent bonds do not dissociated into ions. G.False , only contains covalent bonds. H.False , because solid sodium sulphate contains ionic bonds. .

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A-11 Present Value of Cash Flows Star City is considering an investment in the community center that is expected to return the following cash flows: This schedule includes all cash inflows from the project, which will also require an immediate $212,000 cash outlay. The city is tax-exempt; therefore, taxes need not be considered. What is the net present value of the project if the appropriate discount rate is 24 percent? Solution NPV = $-20500.50 .

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A. Discuss some types of personal information that companies collect from their customers and discuss what they are used for. How is information collected, and do the customers know about it? Do they have a choice in the matter? Explain how. B. from monitoring employee email communications? Discuss whether or not you think the company has a right to monitor email and personal use of the Internet and explain why. C. Discuss the collection of evidence for audits of an AIS. How is it different from evidence collection for a company that doesn\'t utilize AIS? Solution 1.\"Information is Power\" and this wisdom is being increasingly used in business .Companies collect demographic, psychographic and behavioural information of the customer through direct and indirect methods. While a survey could be a direct method , there are many data analytic tools that are available to collect data on psychographics and behaviour from the purcahse history of the buyers , and all thses are indirect methods. One of the example is of Facebook and Google monitoring the site visits of users and profileing them for more focused advertisements. 2.In this digital world where everyone is connected virtually , it is impossible to survive without mails , whether it is official or personal. Organizations should not snoop into personal mails of employees unless otherwise those mails are affecting official work.It is wrong to tresspass into private matters. 3.Evidence can be collected in traditional way and also digitally. Collection of digital information is more easy and relevant and the wrong doers can be detected online promptly. .

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a)What is a function group? How does the type of functional group affect the compound\'s physical properties? b)Alcohols and metallic hydroxides both contain -OH groups. Why are their chemical properties so different? c)What intermolecular forces are present in simple hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives and how these affect the physical properties? Solution a) Functional group is defined as an atom or group of atoms which exhibit a unique characteristic E.g. functional groups is carboxylic acid (RCOO-) in acid -OH in alcohols R-COO-R of ester etc. Ketones: R?CO?R\' b) in alchohols the hydroxyl group is combined with the alkyl group while in metalic hydroxide with metals they are known as hydroxides of metal they have different properies they act as base in contract to the norma alkyl achohol. Alkyl alcohols are organic compounds. like CH3OH. C2H5OH while metallic hydroxide like NaOH c)hydrocarbons are connected with covalent bond likeC-C bond or C-H bonds. Greater the numbers of atoms in the molecules the stronger will be intermolecular attractions. eg CH4, C2H2 On the orther hand Hydrocarbon derivatives consist of different elements attached to the carbon as an alternative of hydrogen.It may beÂ Â oxygen, nitrogen or halogen atoms. CH3Br .

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detail the significant ways that an awareness of emotional intelligence can improve a leaderâ€™s effectiveness. Select a situation in which you demonstrated emotional intelligence that improved your effectiveness as a leader, either in your professional or personal life. Solution Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to understand and manage your own emotions, and those of the people around you. People with a high degree of emotional intelligence know what they\'re feeling, what their emotions mean, and how these emotions can affect other people. There are five main elements of emotional intelligence, namely: Situation in professional life. When I was working as a manager of business, there was a good performer in the team who was vey intelligent and understood work very well, but was a laszy person on the other hand. There were several others who were hard working, but not as intellegent as him. Hence Motivation amd empathy were two skills that helped me make this person understand his true potential which made him excel in his career. Hence I was positvely able to transform this perfor through emotional intelligence .

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Despite theoretical assertions by M-M and others, many investors do care about dividends quite a bit. The chart below lists some factors are likely to make an investor prefer to receive more or fewer dividends. Indicate whether the factors are likely to make an investor prefer to receive more or fewer dividends. Factor Investors will likely prefer More dividends Fewer dividends Dividends are taxed in the year they are received, while capital gains are taxed when the stock is sold. When investors receive dividends today, they may choose to reinvest or consume goods. An investor is on a fixed income and depends upon returns from investment. If an investor dies, his heirs are not liable for taxes on the capital gains generated during the investor\'s life. They are only liable for the capital gains earned since the investor\'s death. The value of a dividend received today is known, but the value of a capital gain received in the future is uncertain. Solution 1)Fewer dividends 2)More dividends 3)Fewer dividends 4)Fewer dividends 5)Fewer dividends .

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Develop a research paper providing an overview of what construction design communications are, which project team members (disciplines) use them, and how they are used (what information they provide). Discuss the key aspects of design and the design process (phases) as a whole. Compare and contrast the different types of drawings and discuss their importance to an effective and efficient construction process. Support the paper with research from the online course material, text, and outside sources if necessary. Solution Effectiveness of team communication for the design of buildings is becoming increasingly important due to the growing technical and organizational complexity of construction projects. The development and use of information communication technologies (ICTs) has been seen as one way of improving the performance of design and construction teams . ICTs have also become synonymous with the better integration of project participants (e.g. Warning and Wainwright, 2000) and also a means of improving collaborative working .

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Determined the common stock for Bertinelli Corp. based on the following information: cash = $260,000; patents and copyrights = $620,000; accounts payable = $440,000; accounts receivable = $179,000; tangible net fixed assets = $4,300,000; inventory = $205,000; notes payable = $170,000; accumulated retained earnings = $1,245,000; long-term debt = $1,730,000. Solution The balance sheet is constructed as follows: For the balance sheet, the total assets = total liabilties + Equity We will know that the total assets is 5,564,000. Now, we can take the liabilties + equuity as 5,564,000 and find out what the common equity is as shown in the balance sheet Hence we can say common stock is $1,979,000 .

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Determine which major balance sheet information requires supplemental disclosure. Illustrate your points with examples Solution Balance Sheet, also referred to as the statement of financial position: 1.Reports assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific date. 2.Provides information about resources, obligations to creditors, and equity in net resources. 3.Helps in predicting amounts, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows. Both IFRS and GAAP require disclosures about (1) accounting policies followed, (2) judgments that management has made in the process of applying the entity .

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Determine whether the bond between each of the following pairs of atoms is purely covalent, polar covalent, or ionic. 1. O and O 2. Li and O 3. C and N 4. N and S Solution Pure covalent bond- when both the participating atoms are having same electronegativity value (i.e- for homonuclear molecules) Exp - O and O polar covalent bond- both particiapting atoms share equal number of electrons to form coavalent bond, however, the shared electron pair remains more towards the more electronegative atoms. Exp- C and N (electronegativity of N is more than C, the share electron pair remains towards the nitrogen. carbon bears partial positive charge and nitrogen bears partial negative charge) N and S (electronegativity of N is more than S, the share electron pair remains towards the nitrogen. sulfur bears partial positive charge and nitrogen bears partial negative charge) Ionic bond - one atom is highly electronegative and the other atom is highly electropositive EXp- Li and O .

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Determine the polymer structure whether (Linear, Branched, Cross-linked or Network) for: #1 - PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) #2 - HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) #3 â€“ PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) #4 â€“ LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene) #5 â€“ PP (Polypropylene) #6 â€“ PS (Polystyrene) #7 - acrylic, nylon, polycarbonate, bioplastic) Solution 1. PET- Polyethylene terephthalate is linear polymer and which is produced from the co-polymerization of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. 2. HDPE. High density polythylene is linaear polymer. and very strong. 3. PVC poly vinyl chloride - It is a linear polymer and can be formed by the addition polymerization by the monomer of vinyl chloride. 4.LDPE It is known as low density polyethylene and it is a highly branched polymer. 5. PP (polypropylene) is a linear polymer and can be formed by additional polymerization. 6.PS (polystyrene) is a linear polymer and having monomer of styrene . 7. Acrylic polymer is crosslinked polymer 8. Nylon - linear polymer 9. Bio plastic - network polymer .

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Design a special tree data structure such that the branching factor of the root is 3 and the branching factor of its children is two. After that the branching factor of a node is 2 if the node is child of a node with branching factor of 3 and its branching factor is 3 if it is the child of a node with branching factor of 2 in C++. Solution As an ADT, the abstract tree type T with values of some type E is defined, using the abstract forest type F (list of trees), by the functions: value: T E children: T F nil: () F node: E Ã— F T with the axioms: value(node( e , f )) = e children(node( e , f )) = f In terms of type theory, a tree is an inductive type defined by the constructors nil (empty forest) and node (tree with root node with given value and children). Mathematical[edit] Viewed as a whole, a tree data structure is an ordered tree, generally with values attached to each node. Concretely, it is (if required to be non-empty): .

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Describe, in detail, what would happen if you fell into a black hole, from both your perspective, and the perspective of someone who is watching you fall in. You should include specific effects, including effects on space, time, and what you would see. Solution It\'s safe to say you wouldn\'t survive the trip, so stay on this side of the Event Horizon if you ever want to be seen again. Black Holes are massive objects occupying a tiny volume in space. When a super-massive star (many times larger than the Sun) stops sustaining enough nuclear fusion at its core to support its size, its mass may collapse into itself and form a Black Hole, sucking in everything around it. Our Milky Way galaxy spirals around a super-massive Black Hole at its center. Since nothing can escape from the incredible gravitational pull of a Black Hole (even light itself), scientists can only speculate on what would happen to a person falling into a Black Hole. However, it does seem evident that the crushing gravity would not be kind to your body. Soon after passing the Event Horizon, the point of no return, your body\'s atomic structure would be ripped apart. The parts of your body closer to the singularity experience a stronger gravitational pull than the parts of your body further away from the singularity. This \"tidal gravity\" creates a differential gravitational pull on your body that literally stretches you out as you fall in. Alas, the rack of space-time is unforgiving to even the most pliant mind, and ultimately it\'s impossible to keep yourself together. .

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Describe what is meant by the dipole nature of a water molecule. How is this related to adsorbed water? Why does the presence of water in soil typically have a much greater effect on clays than in granular soils (i.e. sand)? Solution Water consist of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms are not symmetrically arranged around the oxygen atoms which leads to diploe nature of water. Dipole water can be electrically attracted towards the surface of the clay particles. there are 3 mechanism by which water is attracted to surface of clay particles resulting in adsorbed water. 1) Attraction between negatively charged faces of clay particles and positive end of dipoles. 2) Attraction between cations in double layer and negatively charged ends of dipoles. 3) sharing of hydrogen atoms in water molecule by hydrogen bonding between oxygen atoms in clay particles and oxygen atoms in water molecule. Since the water adsorbs on surface of clay particles, it affects various properties of clay like plasticity. The mechanisms by which water is attracted to clay particles does not takes place in granular soil. Hence water has greater effect in clayey soils than granular soils. .

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Describe what RFID is as well as Identify at least two examples of the use of RFID tags in process or inventory management, in retail or health care environments. In addition, describe security implications, such as security RFID may have on society. Solution What RFID It is used to capture the information stored in the object in the case of using radio waves. It can be called as Radio Frequency Identification. In this Concept what the device we are using it contains a chip, it have the unique Identification number and sends to another device to access this radio waves to be Remote way of access. Two examples Using in the case of find the item level in inventory tracking In the Case of IT Asset Tracking in Organizations. Security Implications Attack of the attackers to access the using number of queries or systems are there in the organization using traffic analysis concept Accessing physical the tags of RFID. .

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Describe the tree data structure. What is a root node? What is a child node? What is a leaf node? What is a subtree? What is the height of a tree? When is a tree full? When is a tree balanced? What is breadth-first traversal? What are the common methods for traversing a binary tree and processing the value of each node? Solution A tree is a special type of a graph where the tree contains the nodes and connected by means edges and doesnot have loops. root node :the node or vertex at the top of a tree is termed as root node. child node :the nodes that are below the rootnode or any particular node is termedas the child node. leaf node :the node which doesnot possess any children node is defined as leaf node subtree :the part of a tree is called subtree or the descendents of a tree. height of a tree:is the number of edges from the leaf node to the root node. full tree :full tree is binary tree all the nodes have two child nodes except the leaf nodes. tree balanced :an AVL tree is said to balanced tree if the balancing factor ranges from -1 to +1 breadth first traversal :travelling the nodes of a tree in breadth wise manner that is all the nodes at the same height are travelled sequentially and then their childs are travelled.queue is used to travell in breadth first search common ways of traversing are :1)breadth first search 2)depth first search .

Describe the tree data structure- What is a root node- What is a child.docx

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