MEU WORKSHOP:Changing trends in the societal attitude calls for change in the medical education curriculum in India so that an INDIAN MEDICAL GRADUATE is of global significance

1. WARM
WELCOME

2. SYSTEMS APPROACH
PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
LEARNING PROCESS
DR ANITA RAMESH
PROFESSOR,
OBGY DEPARTMENT
VBMC “I NEVER TEACH MY PUPILS,I ONLY
PROVIDE THE CONDITIONS IN WHICH
THEY CAN LEARN”
--------Albert Einstein.

4. HUMAN BODY AS A SYSTEM
• Human body has many
systems(respiratory,cardiac,digestive,CNS &
excretory systems)
• Each system has multiple organs
• Each organ has multiple tissues
• Each tissue has multiple cells
• They all work in harmony for our sustenance.

5. HUMAN BODY AS A SYSTEMS APPROACH
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Air Respiratory Energy
Water Digestive Carbon dioxide
Food Cardiovascular Urine
Excretory Faeces
GOAL…..HEALTHY LIFE

6. SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE SYSTEM?
A functional entity which consists of a number of
interdependent & interrelated components
which runs to achieve a goal.
A system has many SUB-SYSTEMS.
All the subsystems have to communicate with
each other to reach a common goal.

7. SYSTEMS APPROACH
Applications in……..
• Science
• Technology
• Education
• Industries
• Agriculture
• Health

8. SYSTEMS APPROACH IN MEDICAL
EDUCATION

9. GOAL OF THE SYSTEMS APPROACH
COMPETENT MEDICAL GRADUATE

10. TYPES OF A SYSTEM
• OPEN SYSTEM
• CLOSED SYSTEM
OPEN SYSTEM IS INFLUENCED BY THE
ENVIRONMENT

12. COMPONENTS OF A SYSTEM
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
OUTPUT
EXPECTED
ACTUAL

13. MEDICAL COLLEGE AS A SYSTEM
INPUT
•LEARNERS
• TEACHERS
• ADMINISTRATION & OTHER SUPPORTING
STAFF
• INFRASTRUCTURE RESOURCES
• LEARNING AND TEACHING RESOURCES

14. MEDICAL COLLEGE AS A SYSTEM
PROCESS
•AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
•CURRICULUM
• TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS
• ASSESSMENT METHODS

15. MEDICAL COLLEGE AS A SYSTEM
OUTPUT
CERTIFIED COMPETENT HEALTH
PROFESSIONAL

16. OUTPUT
• EFFICIENCY: COST, TIME & RESOURCES
SPENT
• EFFECTIVENESS: QUALITY OF OUTCOME

18. INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

19. TEACHER AS A SYSTEM SPECIALIST

21. CURRICULAR COMPONENTS
OBJECTIVES
PLANNING & ORGANISATION
MATERIAL
METHODS
EVALUATION

22. HOW TO MEASURE THE OUTCOME OF
THE SYSTEMS APPROACH IN MED ED?
Clinician
Communicator
Leader
Professional
Lifelong learner
Member of a
healthcare team

23. QUALIITY ASSURANCE
Quality assurance is PROCESS oriented and focusses
on DEFECT PREVENTION.
“GETTING THINGS RIGHT THE FIRST TIME,
EVERY TIME”
To do that a QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
should be in place that allows one to apply the
quality standards

24. QUALITY CONTROL
Each product of a manufacturing process is of
equivalent quality. so, inspection is made of
process and its product.
PRODUCT ORIENTED and focusses on DEFECT IDENTIFICATION

25. ADVANTAGES OF SYSTEMS APPROACH
• It is an approach which entails analysis of
problems and to come up with a blend of
solutions
• Keep priorities in mind & tackles it in an
advanced disciplinary manner
• Goal oriented
• Holistic view
• Utilises feedback to improve
• Rational problem solving method of analysis in
the educational process to make it more effective

26. DISADVANTAGES OF SYSTEMS
APPROACH
• Over conceptual
• Needs more hardwork
• Needs more faculty for implementation
• More finances
• Lack of understanding
• Resistance to change to newer systems approach

27. GROUP TASK
• You as member of the OBGY department has to
conduct a CME on GDM.Map the components of
a system
• Our institute is going to apply for increase in
seats in ANAESTHESIOLOGY.Map the
components of the system
• INPUT?PROCESS?OUTPUT?FEEDBACK?

28. PRINCIPLES OF ADULT
LEARNING

29. ARE WE TEACHING
CHILDREN
OR
ARE WE TEACHING
ADULTS ?????

30. MILLENIAL GENERATION

31. ADULT LEARNING
All forms of learning undertaken
by adults after having initial
education,however far this process
may have gone.
European commission of andragogy 2009,modified
in 2012)

32. ADULT LEARNING OR ANDRAGOGY?

37. PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
ANDRAGOGY
• Informal
• Learners are
independent and self
directed
PEDAGOGY
• Formal
• Learners are
dependent on
teachers

38. PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
• ANDRAGOGY
• Self assessment
• Learners are self
motivated
• PEDAGOGY
• Evaluation is external
• Learners are
externally motivated
(grades,prizes)

39. PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
• ANDRAGOGY
• Learners come with
their own experience
• Learning is problem
centred
• PEDAGOGY
• Learners are
inexperienced
• Learning is subject
centred

45. TIPS FOR A GOOD FACILITATOR
• Be prepared
• Be a motivator
• Be energetic
• Reinforce the positive in students
• Be sensitive
• Embrace mistakes and limitations
• Use a variety of techniques,methods and
activities
• Encourage a more problem solving approach to
make them self directed learners

46. MAKE STUDENTS THE MASTER
• MOTIVATE THE MIND
• ACQUIRE INFORMATION
• SEARCH OUT MEANING
• TRIGGER THE MEMORY
• EXHIBIT WHAT IS KNOWN
• REFLECT ON WHAT WAS KNOWN

47. BARRIERS IN ADULT LEARNING
• Lack of time
• Lack of money
• Lack of interest
• Lack of information
• Problems in transportation
• Added responsibilities

48. HOW TO OVERCOME
BARRIERS?

49. HOW TO OVERCOME BARRIERS?
• Provision of licensing
• Providing promotion
• Better job &better salary

51. DEFINE LEARNING STYLE
PROCESS OF GATHERING KNOWLEDGE
AND USING IT IN LIFE

55. Learning process
TEACHING LEARNING
• Interaction between
student & teacher to
bring about expected
changes in students
behaviour
• Process in which the
students way of
thinking & learning is
modified

56. CONCEPT OF LEARNING
• The behaviour of an individual changes through
direct & indirect experiences.This change in
behaviour is learning.A new behaviour is
acquired or there is strengthening or weakening
of old behaviour.
• GOAL ORIENTED & PURPOSEFUL
• CONTINUOUS LIFE LONG PROCESS
• Gain knowledge
• Helps us to improve our skills

57. DOMAINS OF LEARNING
• COGNITIVE…knowledge
• PSYCHOMOTOR…work place based learning
• AFFECTIVE…experiential learning

59. PHASES OF LEARNING PROCESS
• Motivation phase
• Acquisition phase
• Remembering
• performing

60. PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
• Active participation(motivated,good emotional
state)
• Goal oriented
• Repetition
• Relevant
• Transference(apply it in our daily practice)
• Appropriate environment
• Good role model
• Evaluation
• Feedback

62. CONCEPT OF LEARNING THEORIES
• To teach a concept
• To suggest where to look for solutions
• They do not not give us solutions but direct our
attention to those variables that r crucial in
finding solutions
• ‘’Its not about covering the syllabus,rather its
about uncovering the syllabus’’

63. LEARNING THEORIES
• Behaviourism…stimulus-response-associative
type
• Cognitivism
• Constructivism
• Sociocultural theory
• Critical theory
• Humanism
• Multiple Intelligencies

64. BEHAVIOURISM THEORY
• Change in behaviour in the desired direction
• It involves encouragement,repitition,feedback &
reinforcement
• SKILL & DRILL EXCERCISE

65. COGNITIVISM THEORY
• Learner uses insight,information processing &
memory to facilitate learning
• ACQUIRE,STORE & RETRIEVE MEMORY
• Learner develops capacity for SELF DIRECTED
LEARNING
• Teacher facilitates the learner….HOW TO
LEARN
• Classify,link concepts & organise
• Discussions,problem
solving,analogies,mnemonics

66. CONSTRUCTIVISM THEORY OF
LEARNING
Learners learn to change society by his own
experiences when he becomes involved in the
community

67. SOCIOCULTURAL(CONTEXTUAL)
LEARNING
• Learner as an apprentice or as a member in the
community
• Learning is in the context of the PEOPLE & the
ENVIRONMENT

68. REFLECTION :A WAY OF ADULT
LEARNING

69. REFLECTION:A WAY OF LEARNING

71. SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF GOOD
PRACTICES IN UNDERGRADUATE
EDUCATION
• Encourage contact between student & faculty
• Develop co-operation among students
• Use active learning techniques
• Emphasize time on task
• Give prompt feedback to communicate high
expectations
• To respect diverse talents & ways of learning

72. Let us all strive towards producing an
ideal medical graduate

73. SO HOW DO U ALL PICTURE OUR
FUTURE MEDICAL GRADUATES TO
BE?