HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
Abdo, smp, msk, vasc routine exams anatomy
1. Sirpa Falk
MCR EMEA BL US
December 29, 2011
Routine exams
Abdomen, Small parts, Msk & Vascular
2. 2
Introduction to Ultrasound
Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy
• The abdominal exam generally includes the examination of the following:
– Liver
– Gallbladder
– Right and Left Kidneys
– Spleen
– Pancreas
– Aorta
– IVC (inferior vena cava)
3. 3
Philips C5-1
• C5-1 / C9-4
– Wide far-field of view
– Wider near field than
phased
– Supports multiple
modalities
• S5-1
– When greater
penetration is needed
Philips C9-4
Introduction to Ultrasound
Abdominal Imaging – Transducers
Philips S5-1
4. 4
Introduction to Ultrasound
Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy
• Liver
– Located inferior to the
right 7th and 11th ribs
– Changes position with
inspiration
Right
Lobe
Left
Lobe
7. 7
• Diffuse liver disease
–Cirrhosis (a condition in which the liver becomes
scarred and fibrous, thus reducing its ability to function
–Fatty Liver disease
–In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis
C are the most common causes.
Introduction to Ultrasound
Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy
10. 10
Liver: Normal and abnormal blood flow.
• Portal Veins
– Shows a monophasic flow pattern
– Flows continuously in to the liver
– Direction of flow is termed hepatopedal
– With traditional color flow orientation, it should be encoded red
• Hepatic vein
– Traditional color flow orientation is encoded blue
• Hepatic artery
– Might be mistaken for the CBD
12. 13
• Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
– Most common reason for
gallbladder disease is
gallstones
– Gallstones are solid stones
formed in the gall bladder
from cholesterol and bile
salts
Introduction to Ultrasound
Abdominal Imaging - Anatomy
24. 27
Spleen: Physiology
• Large mass of lymphatic tissue
• Not essential for life
• Filters
– Blood
– From Antibodies
• Breakdown hemoglobin
• Reservoir for blood
• Blood formation for fetuses and severe anemia.
29. 32
Introduction to Ultrasound
Small Parts Overview
• Imaging of:
– breasts, thyroid and testicles
• Performed to:
– Assess lumps or other abnormalities
– Guide interventional procedures
• Use linear transducer
– High frequency
– Increased resolution
Philips L12-5
33. 36
An ultrasound of the thyroid is typically used to help diagnose:
･a lump in the thyroid (Goiter, benign or malignant mass/nodule )
･a thyroid that is not functioning properly
Introduction to Ultrasound
Small Parts Overview – Thyroid Imaging
44. 47
Introduction to Ultrasound
Vascular Overview
• Provides imaging of the body's veins and arteries.
• Useful in evaluating the body's circulatory system
• Vascular ultrasound is performed to:
– assess blood flow to organs and tissues
– identify blockages (stenosis) and other abnormalities like blood clots,
plaque or emboli
– determine whether a patient is a good candidate for a procedure
such as angioplasty
48. 52
• Carotid Arteries:
– Assess patients with stroke, dizziness
– Flow patterns in the vessels (shape, speed & direction)
– Blood clot, dissection, narrowing of vessels, plaque
– Assess intima-media vessel layer thickness, an indicator of
cardiovascular disease
Introduction to Ultrasound
Vascular Overview - Carotid
49. 53
Introduction to Ultrasound
Vascular Overview – Carotid
Philips L9-3 (work-horse
vascular transducer)
Which Transducer?
Linear transducer (L9-3, L11-3
or similar)
Why?
High Frequency
Better detail resolution
Linear beam ideal for imaging
tubes
55. 59
• Which Transducer?
– Sector transducer (S5-1 or similar)
• Why?
– Good access to scanning windows available
– Good frequency range for penetration
Introduction to Ultrasound
Vascular Overview - TCD
57. 61
Introduction to Ultrasound
Vascular Overview - TCD
Global Training and Education Internal and Confidential30
Trans-cranial Artery Anatomy
MCA
ACA
VERTEBRAL
BASILAR
PCA
PCoA
ACoA
58. 62
• What are we looking for?
– Flow patterns in the
vessels
– Shape, speed and
direction of flow
– Assessing patients with
strokes and cerebral
bleeding
Introduction to Ultrasound
Vascular Overview - TCD
