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WCAG 2
WCAG 2
WCAG 2  ืขืงืจื•ืŸ  1:  Perceivable ืžื™ื“ืข ื ืชืคืก ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืžืฉืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืคื•ืก  ( perceive )  ืื•ืชื
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.1:  ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืกืคืง ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื
WCAG 2  ,[object Object],[object Object]
WCAG 2  ,[object Object],[object Object]
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.1:  ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช โ—ฆ  ืœืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืื• ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ .
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.1:  ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช CAPTCHA  ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกื” .
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.1:  ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ,  ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” :   ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ,  ืื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“  ,  ืื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ,  ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืขื–ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื• .
WCAG 2  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.2:  ืœืกืคืง ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื” . . โ€ข  ืœืกืคืง ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”  ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ืช
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.2:  ืœืกืคืง ื—ืœื•ืคืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื” . ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื•  ื”ืžื•ืงืœื˜ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืฉืคืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ื  ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ืช .
WCAG 2  1.3.  ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช .( Adaptable )  ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ืžื™ื‘ื ื” .
WCAG 2  1.3.  ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช .  ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื :  ืžื™ื“ืข ,  ืžื‘ื ื” ,  ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืกืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช  ื”ืฆื’ื” ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™  ืข '' ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืื• ืฉื”ื  ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื˜ืงืกื˜ .  ( ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืคืจื–ื ื˜ืฆื™ื” )
WCAG 2  1.3.  ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช :  ืื ืจืฆืฃ ื•ืกื“ืจ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ,  ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช .
WCAG 2  ,[object Object],[object Object]
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื”  ( Distinguishable ) ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืชื•ื›ืŸ ,  ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืจืงืข .
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข :   ืฆื‘ืข ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื’ืช ืžื™ื“ืข .
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable )  1.4.2  ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืื•ื“ื™ื• :  ืื ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื“ืฃ ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -3  ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ,  ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืง  ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืจื” ืื• ื”ืคืกืงื” ,  ืื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื• .
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื”  ( Distinguishable )  1.4.3  ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื˜  ( ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ) :  ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช  4.5:1 ( ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื :  ืœื•ื’ื• ,  ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ,  ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ).
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื”  ( Distinguishable )
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.4  ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜
WCAG 2  ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.7  ืื•ื“ื™ื• ืจืงืข ื ืžื•ืš ืื• ื ืขื“ืจ
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.8  ื”ืฆื’ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช :
WCAG 2  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืื™ื ื•  justified
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.8  ื”ืฆื’ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช :  ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื’ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ,  ืงื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื :
WCAG 2  ื”ื ื—ื™ื”  1.4  ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable )
WCAG 2
WCAG 2  H 2 : ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  1 : ื”ืกืžืœ ื•ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื›ื™ื‘ . <a href=&quot; products. html&quot;> <img src=&quot;icon.gif&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /> Products  page  </a>
WCAG 2  H 2 : ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  2: <a href=&quot;foo.htm&quot;> <img src=&quot;house.gif&quot; alt=&quot;home page icon&quot;/> Go to the home page </a>
WCAG 2  : H24  ืžืชืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™  ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ  ืžืคื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื”  image maps) ) ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  : <img src=&quot;welcome.gif&quot; usemap=&quot;#map1โ€œ alt=&quot;Areas in the library. Select an area for more information on that area.&quot; /> <map id=&quot;map1&quot; name=&quot;map1&quot;>
WCAG 2  H30  :  ืžืชืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ  ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <a href=&quot;routes.html&quot;> Current routes at Boulders Climbing Gym </a>
WCAG 2  H30  :  ืžืชืŸ ืฉื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ  ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ . ื“ื•ื’ืžื”   :   ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืช  alt  ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœืžื ื˜  img  ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื˜ืจืช  &quot; ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื’ืจืคื™ &quot;. <a href=&quot;routes.html&quot;> <img src=&quot;topo.gif&quot; alt= &quot;Current routes at Boulders Climbing Gym&quot;  /> </a>
WCAG 2  H35  :  ืžืชืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ  ืืœืžื ื˜  < applet > ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  : <applet code=&quot;tictactoe.class&quot; width=&quot;250&quot; height=&quot;250&quot;  alt=&quot;tic-tac-toe game&quot; > tic-tac-toe game </applet>
WCAG 2  H36 :  ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืช  alt   ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื” . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” :   ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ืช  alt <form action=&quot;http://example.com/prog/text-read&quot; method=&quot;post&quot;> <input type=&quot;image&quot; name=&quot;submit&quot; src=&quot;button.gif&quot; alt= &quot;Submit&quot;  />  </form>
WCAG 2  H 37:  ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืช  alt  ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜  img ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <img src=&quot;newsletter.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Free newsletter. Get free recipes, news, and more. Learn more.&quot; />
WCAG 2  H42  :   ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - h1-h6  ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช .
WCAG 2  H44:  ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ ืชื•ื•ื™ืช  label) )  ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขื ืคืงื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก .
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  1:  ืฉื“ื” ืงืœื˜ ื˜ืงืกื˜ . <label for=&quot;firstname&quot;>First name:</label> <input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;firstname&quot; id=&quot;firstname&quot; />
WCAG 2  ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ  radio buttons ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  :
WCAG 2  H53 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜  object  ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  1:  ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš ื”ืžืชืืจ ืื•ืชื• : <object classid=&quot;http://www.example.com/analogclock.py&quot;> <p>Here is some text that describes the object and its operation.</p> </object>
WCAG 2  H53 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜  object  <object classid=&quot;http://www.example.com/animatedlogo.py&quot;> <img src=&quot;staticlogo.gif&quot;  alt=&quot;Company Name&quot;  /> </object>
WCAG 2  H53 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜  object  ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <object data=&quot;companylogo.gif&quot; type=&quot;image/gif&quot;> <p> Company Name </p> </object>
WCAG 2  H 67:  ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืจื™ืง ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืช  title   ืฉืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ , img  ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืงื•ื“  : <img src=&quot;squiggle.gif&quot; width=&quot;20&quot;  height=&quot;20&quot;  alt=&quot;&quot;  />
WCAG 2  H71  : ืžืชืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช  Fieldset & Legend
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  1:  ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื”
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  2:  ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช  ( checkboxes )
WCAG 2  H39  :  ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜  caption  ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ  ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื˜ื‘ืœื”  . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <table> <caption> Schedule for the week of March  </caption> ... </table>
WCAG 2  H: 73 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ -  summary   ืฉืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช  ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” .
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  1:  ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื : <table summary=&quot;Schedule for Route 7 going downtown. Service begins  at 4:00 AM and ends at midnight. Intersections are listed in the top row.  Find the intersection closest to your starting point or destination, then read  down that column to find out what time the bus leaves that intersection.&quot;> <tr> โ€ฆโ€ฆ . </tr>
WCAG 2
WCAG 2  F2 ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ  :  ื”ืฆื’ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื  ( ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ :  markup )
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ  1:  ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - CSS style  ืืœืžื ื˜  p  ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืชืจืช .
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ  2:  ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ,  ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืกื•ืžื ื•ืช ืขื ืชื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช .  <img src=&quot;Chapter1.gif&quot; alt=&quot; Chapter One &quot;>  <p>Once upon a time in the land of the Web.....  </p>
WCAG 2  F3  :   ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - CSS  ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘  .
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืงื•ื“ : The CSS contains: background: transparent url(/images/TopRate.png) no-repeat top left; }
WCAG 2  ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื–ื” : <p id=&quot;bestinterest&quot;> Where else would you find a better interest rate? </p>
WCAG 2  : F24  ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืงื‘ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืจืงืข ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš
WCAG 2  ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ  1:  ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืจืงืข ืจืง ืขื  bgcolor  ื‘ - HTML  <html> <head>โ€ฆ</head>  <body bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;> <p> ... document body...</p>  </body>  </html>
WCAG 2  F30:  ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™  ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื”  ( ืœืžืฉืœ ,  ืฉืžื•ืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ  ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื )
WCAG 2  ,[object Object],[object Object]
WCAG 2  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WCAG 2  F38 : ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉืžื˜ื” ืฉืœ  alt- attribute  ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ  ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช .
WCAG 2  ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ . AT  ืื ืื™ืŸ   alt attribute โ€“  ื‘ื›ืœืœ ,  ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ .  alt attribute  ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื  ืขืจืš ืจื™ืง  ( ื›ืœื•ืžืจ : alt = &quot;&quot;  ืื•  alt=โ€œ โ€œ )
WCAG 2  F43:  ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ  ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - HTML   ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ .
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  1:  ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืจืง ืœืืคืงื˜ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ : <p>Interested in learning more? Write to us at</p>  <h4>3333 Third Avenue, Suite 300 ยท New York City</h4>  <p>And we'll send you the complete informational packet absolutely Free!</p>
WCAG 2  ื“ื•ื’ืžื”  2:  ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜  &quot; ื›ื•ืชืจืช &quot;  ืœืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช  : <h1>Study on the Use of Heading Elements in Web Pages</h1> < h3>Joe Jones and Mary Smith<h3 >  < h4>March 14, 2006</h4 > <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>A study was conducted in early 2006 ... </p>
WCAG 2  F71:   ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ื  &quot; ื›ืคื™ืœื™ื &quot;  ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืœื™ ืœืกืคืง ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช .
WCAG 2  ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื•  ?
WCAG 2  ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื•  ?
WCAG 2  F73:  ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืงื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข

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ืžืคื’ืฉ 1 2017ื‘
ืžืคื’ืฉ 1 2017ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ 1 2017ื‘
ืžืคื’ืฉ 1 2017ื‘
ย 
ืžืคื’ืฉ 3
ืžืคื’ืฉ 3ืžืคื’ืฉ 3
ืžืคื’ืฉ 3
ย 
ืžืคื’ืฉ 2 2017ื
ืžืคื’ืฉ 2 2017ืืžืคื’ืฉ 2 2017ื
ืžืคื’ืฉ 2 2017ื
ย 
Test
TestTest
Test
ย 
ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ืŸ - ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขืœื” 2
ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช   ืขืงืจื•ืŸ - ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขืœื” 2ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช   ืขืงืจื•ืŸ - ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขืœื” 2
ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ืŸ - ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขืœื” 2
ย 
ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ 2
ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ 2ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ 2
ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ 2
ย 
ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ ืžืก 1
ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ ืžืก 1ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ ืžืก 1
ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ ืžืก 1
ย 

Wcag 2 end

  • 3. WCAG 2 ืขืงืจื•ืŸ 1: Perceivable ืžื™ื“ืข ื ืชืคืก ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืžืฉืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ( perceive ) ืื•ืชื
  • 4. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.1: ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืกืคืง ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.1: ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช โ—ฆ ืœืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืื• ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ .
  • 8. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.1: ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช CAPTCHA ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกื” .
  • 9. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.1: ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ , ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” : ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ , ืื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ , ืื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื , ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืขื–ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื• .
  • 10.
  • 11. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.2: ืœืกืคืง ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื” . . โ€ข ืœืกืคืง ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ืช
  • 12. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.2: ืœืกืคืง ื—ืœื•ืคืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื” . ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืงืœื˜ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืฉืคืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ืช .
  • 13. WCAG 2 1.3. ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช .( Adaptable ) ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ืžื™ื‘ื ื” .
  • 14. WCAG 2 1.3. ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช . ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื : ืžื™ื“ืข , ืžื‘ื ื” , ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ืžืกืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื’ื” ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืข '' ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืื• ืฉื”ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื˜ืงืกื˜ . ( ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืคืจื–ื ื˜ืฆื™ื” )
  • 15. WCAG 2 1.3. ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช : ืื ืจืฆืฃ ื•ืกื“ืจ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” , ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช .
  • 16.
  • 17. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืชื•ื›ืŸ , ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืจืงืข .
  • 18. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข : ืฆื‘ืข ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื’ืช ืžื™ื“ืข .
  • 19. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.2 ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืื•ื“ื™ื• : ืื ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื“ืฃ ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -3 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช , ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืง ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืจื” ืื• ื”ืคืกืงื” , ืื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื• .
  • 20. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.3 ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื˜ ( ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ) : ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช 4.5:1 ( ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื : ืœื•ื’ื• , ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื , ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ).
  • 21. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable )
  • 22. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.4 ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜
  • 23. WCAG 2 ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜
  • 24. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.7 ืื•ื“ื™ื• ืจืงืข ื ืžื•ืš ืื• ื ืขื“ืจ
  • 25. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.8 ื”ืฆื’ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช :
  • 26.
  • 27. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืื™ื ื• justified
  • 28. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) 1.4.8 ื”ืฆื’ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช : ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื’ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜ , ืงื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื :
  • 29. WCAG 2 ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable )
  • 31. WCAG 2 H 2 : ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1 : ื”ืกืžืœ ื•ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื›ื™ื‘ . <a href=&quot; products. html&quot;> <img src=&quot;icon.gif&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /> Products page </a>
  • 32. WCAG 2 H 2 : ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 2: <a href=&quot;foo.htm&quot;> <img src=&quot;house.gif&quot; alt=&quot;home page icon&quot;/> Go to the home page </a>
  • 33. WCAG 2 : H24 ืžืชืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” image maps) ) ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <img src=&quot;welcome.gif&quot; usemap=&quot;#map1โ€œ alt=&quot;Areas in the library. Select an area for more information on that area.&quot; /> <map id=&quot;map1&quot; name=&quot;map1&quot;>
  • 34. WCAG 2 H30 : ืžืชืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <a href=&quot;routes.html&quot;> Current routes at Boulders Climbing Gym </a>
  • 35. WCAG 2 H30 : ืžืชืŸ ืฉื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœืžื ื˜ img ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื˜ืจืช &quot; ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื’ืจืคื™ &quot;. <a href=&quot;routes.html&quot;> <img src=&quot;topo.gif&quot; alt= &quot;Current routes at Boulders Climbing Gym&quot; /> </a>
  • 36. WCAG 2 H35 : ืžืชืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœืžื ื˜ < applet > ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <applet code=&quot;tictactoe.class&quot; width=&quot;250&quot; height=&quot;250&quot; alt=&quot;tic-tac-toe game&quot; > tic-tac-toe game </applet>
  • 37. WCAG 2 H36 : ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื” . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt <form action=&quot;http://example.com/prog/text-read&quot; method=&quot;post&quot;> <input type=&quot;image&quot; name=&quot;submit&quot; src=&quot;button.gif&quot; alt= &quot;Submit&quot; /> </form>
  • 38. WCAG 2 H 37: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ img ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <img src=&quot;newsletter.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Free newsletter. Get free recipes, news, and more. Learn more.&quot; />
  • 39. WCAG 2 H42 : ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - h1-h6 ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช .
  • 40. WCAG 2 H44: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ ืชื•ื•ื™ืช label) ) ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขื ืคืงื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก .
  • 41. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1: ืฉื“ื” ืงืœื˜ ื˜ืงืกื˜ . <label for=&quot;firstname&quot;>First name:</label> <input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;firstname&quot; id=&quot;firstname&quot; />
  • 42. WCAG 2 ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ radio buttons ื“ื•ื’ืžื” :
  • 43. WCAG 2 H53 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ object ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1: ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš ื”ืžืชืืจ ืื•ืชื• : <object classid=&quot;http://www.example.com/analogclock.py&quot;> <p>Here is some text that describes the object and its operation.</p> </object>
  • 44. WCAG 2 H53 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ object <object classid=&quot;http://www.example.com/animatedlogo.py&quot;> <img src=&quot;staticlogo.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Company Name&quot; /> </object>
  • 45. WCAG 2 H53 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ object ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <object data=&quot;companylogo.gif&quot; type=&quot;image/gif&quot;> <p> Company Name </p> </object>
  • 46. WCAG 2 H 67: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืจื™ืง ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืช title ืฉืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ , img ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
  • 47. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืงื•ื“ : <img src=&quot;squiggle.gif&quot; width=&quot;20&quot; height=&quot;20&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; />
  • 48. WCAG 2 H71 : ืžืชืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช Fieldset & Legend
  • 49. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1: ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื”
  • 50. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 2: ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ( checkboxes )
  • 51. WCAG 2 H39 : ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ caption ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื˜ื‘ืœื” . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : <table> <caption> Schedule for the week of March </caption> ... </table>
  • 52. WCAG 2 H: 73 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - summary ืฉืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” .
  • 53. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1: ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื : <table summary=&quot;Schedule for Route 7 going downtown. Service begins at 4:00 AM and ends at midnight. Intersections are listed in the top row. Find the intersection closest to your starting point or destination, then read down that column to find out what time the bus leaves that intersection.&quot;> <tr> โ€ฆโ€ฆ . </tr>
  • 55. WCAG 2 F2 ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ : ื”ืฆื’ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ( ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ : markup )
  • 56. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ 1: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - CSS style ืืœืžื ื˜ p ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืชืจืช .
  • 57. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ 2: ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช , ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืกื•ืžื ื•ืช ืขื ืชื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช . <img src=&quot;Chapter1.gif&quot; alt=&quot; Chapter One &quot;> <p>Once upon a time in the land of the Web..... </p>
  • 58. WCAG 2 F3 : ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - CSS ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ .
  • 59. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืงื•ื“ : The CSS contains: background: transparent url(/images/TopRate.png) no-repeat top left; }
  • 60. WCAG 2 ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื–ื” : <p id=&quot;bestinterest&quot;> Where else would you find a better interest rate? </p>
  • 61. WCAG 2 : F24 ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืงื‘ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืจืงืข ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš
  • 62. WCAG 2 ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ 1: ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืจืงืข ืจืง ืขื bgcolor ื‘ - HTML <html> <head>โ€ฆ</head> <body bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;> <p> ... document body...</p> </body> </html>
  • 63. WCAG 2 F30: ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ( ืœืžืฉืœ , ืฉืžื•ืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื )
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66. WCAG 2 F38 : ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉืžื˜ื” ืฉืœ alt- attribute ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช .
  • 67. WCAG 2 ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ . AT ืื ืื™ืŸ alt attribute โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ , ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ . alt attribute ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืขืจืš ืจื™ืง ( ื›ืœื•ืžืจ : alt = &quot;&quot; ืื• alt=โ€œ โ€œ )
  • 68. WCAG 2 F43: ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - HTML ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ .
  • 69. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1: ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืจืง ืœืืคืงื˜ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ : <p>Interested in learning more? Write to us at</p> <h4>3333 Third Avenue, Suite 300 ยท New York City</h4> <p>And we'll send you the complete informational packet absolutely Free!</p>
  • 70. WCAG 2 ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 2: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ &quot; ื›ื•ืชืจืช &quot; ืœืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช : <h1>Study on the Use of Heading Elements in Web Pages</h1> < h3>Joe Jones and Mary Smith<h3 > < h4>March 14, 2006</h4 > <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>A study was conducted in early 2006 ... </p>
  • 71. WCAG 2 F71: ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ื &quot; ื›ืคื™ืœื™ื &quot; ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืœื™ ืœืกืคืง ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช .
  • 72. WCAG 2 ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื• ?
  • 73. WCAG 2 ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื• ?
  • 74. WCAG 2 F73: ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืงื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข

Notas del editor

  1. ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ WCAG 2 . WCAG 2 ืžืกืคืง ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช . ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• 12 ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช (Guidelines) . ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช ืœืืจื‘ืข ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช .
  2. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ : ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืกื” Perceivable) ). ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช : 1.1 ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช 1.2 ืžืชืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื” 1.3 ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช . ( Adaptable ) 1.4 ื‘ืจ - ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ( Distinguishable ) ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืžืฉื™ืš ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” . ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืจืงื™ื . ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืฆืื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืชืคื•ืก ืžื™ื“ืข ( Perceivable). ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉ , ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืชืงืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช
  3. ืžื™ื“ืข , ื•ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืžืฉืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื
  4. ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.1 ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ - ื™ืฉ ืœืกืคืง ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืคื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ โ€“ ื•ืœื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ื˜ืงืกื˜ .
  5. 1.1.1 ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช . ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืคืงื“ ืื• ืืžื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงืœื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืื–ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืœื• ืฉื ื”ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• .
  6. ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื” , ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื–ื” ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ - YOUTUBE ืฉืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืœื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDuUaHAw2AU&amp;feature=channel
  7. ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช , ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ .
  8. CAPTCHA ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืชืคื™ืกื” . ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืœ - CAPTCHA ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ . ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื™ื• ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” . https://signup.live.com/signup.aspx?id=251248&amp;ru=http%3a%2f%2fhome.live.com%2f%3fnew%3dtrue&amp;cp=2&amp;mkt=he-IL&amp;rollrs=12&amp;lic=1
  9. ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜, ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”: ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ โ€“ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืฃ ืื• ื›ืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ , ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ ื›ืš ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืขื–ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื• .
  10. ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.2 ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืœืกืคืง ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื”. ืœืกืคืง ืœืื•ื“ื™ื• ืžื•ืงืœื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืงื•ืœื” ืœื•. ืœืกืคืง ืœื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ืžื•ืงืœื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืื• ืื•ื“ื™ื•
  11. ื™ืฉ ืœืกืคืง ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ืช . http://www.usability.com.au/resources/shawn-vid.cfm
  12. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืงืœื˜ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืฉืคืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ืช . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaPwE-bdV_o
  13. ื”ื ื—ื™ื” 1.3 ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืกืชื’ืœื•ืช โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื• ืžื‘ื ื” .
  14. ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืงื•ื“ HTML . ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ . ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” : ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืช , ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื•ืช
  15. ืื ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื ื”, ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืŸ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ . ื’ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื•ื’ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช
  16. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ืฉื” : ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” : ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืžื•ืš ืฉื—ืฅ ืฉืžืืœื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ &amp;quot; ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ืช &amp;quot; ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืื• ืขืžื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื
  17. ืชืขืฉื• ื›ืš , ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืชื•ื›ืŸ , ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืจืงืข .
  18. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข : ืฆื‘ืข ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื’ืช ืžื™ื“ืข . ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ืื“ื•ื ืื– ื—ื•ื‘ื” ! ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ .
  19. ืžื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืžื™ืงืจื” ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ืคืชื— ื“ืฃ ื•ืคืชืื•ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” โ€“ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื™ืคื” ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื– ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื“ืฃ . ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” : ืื ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื“ืฃ ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -3 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช , ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืจื” ืื• ื”ืคืกืงื” , ืื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื• .
  20. ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช 4.5 :1 http://trace.wisc.edu/contrast-ratio-examples/Sample_Text_ColorsOnWhite.htm
  21. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืคืจืกืžื• ืžืคื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืกื•ืžื ื• &amp;quot;&amp;quot; ื›ืŸ &amp;quot; ื• &amp;quot; ืœื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• &amp;quot; ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ http://dashboardsbyexample.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/no-votes-financial-bailout-house-of-representatives.png
  22. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœืœื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช-ืขื–ืจ ืขื“ 200 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืœื™ ืœืื‘ื“ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื .
  23. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ื‘ื”ืฆื’ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” . ื‘ืืชืจ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื›ืชืžื•ื ื” . http://www.tigon-crafts.co.uk/latest.htm
  24. ื‘ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื™ื• ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ , ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ืจืงืข ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ , ืื• ืฉืงื˜ . ( ืขืœ 20 DB ืฉืงื˜ ืžื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ) . ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ : Captcha
  25. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื’ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜ , ืงื™ื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืชื ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื : 1. ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื—ื–ื™ืช ื•ืจืงืข ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ . =======================================================================================
  26. 2. ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 80 ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืื• ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืื– ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื• ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื’ื ืœื ื• ืœื - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -40 ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืกื™ื ื™ื . http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/
  27. 3. ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉืจ ( ืžื•ืฆืžื“ ื™ืžื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœืฉืžืืœื™ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ). ืœื ืžื•ืฆืžื“ ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืžืืœ
  28. 4. ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคื™ืกืงื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž ืจื•ื•ื— ื•ื—ืฆื™ , ื•ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกืงืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื™ 1.5 ืœืคื—ื•ืช
  29. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคืŸ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืคืก ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืื•ืคืงื™ . http://www.nrg.co.il/online/HP_0.html
  30. ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช perceivable ืžืชื•ืš WCAG ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฆืช ืœืขื•ืžืง ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงืŸ WCAG
  31. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื” ื–ื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ื›ืคื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช , ืืฉืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื” ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ื’ื ืฉื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” .
  32. ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืกืžืœ ื•ื˜ืงืกื˜ . ื‘ืกืžืœ ื™ืฉ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžืœ , ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืชืืจ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ืื™ืงื•ืŸ &amp;quot; home page &amp;quot;.
  33. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืคืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ( image map ). ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” . ================================================================== ืžืคืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ . ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื“ืฃ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื—ืจ ืื• ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืฃ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ . &lt; alt&gt; ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืžืฉืจืช ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื˜ืจื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” . =============================================================================
  34. H30 : ืžืชืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ . ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจ . ืœืขื•ืžืช &amp;quot; ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ &amp;quot; ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” . ========================================================================================= ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : ื”ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ HMTL ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ .
  35. H30 : ืžืชืŸ ืฉื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ . ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช : ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœืžื ื˜ img ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื˜ืจืช &amp;quot; ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื’ืจืคื™ &amp;quot;.
  36. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœืžื ื˜ APPLET ืฉื™ื•ืฆื’ ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ .
  37. H36 : ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื” . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืงืœื˜ ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ืงืœื˜ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืกืคืง ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ืช . ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ , ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื ืกื” ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” .
  38. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ img , ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืงืฆืจ ืขื ืชื›ื•ื ืช alt . ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืœื™ื ืง =================================================================== ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืกืคืงืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ืžื™ . ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ &amp;quot; ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ืžื™ . ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื , ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ . ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ .&amp;quot; ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ alt ืชื•ืื ืœื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” .
  39. ืžื˜ืจื” โ€“ ืœืกืžืŸ ื ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ - HTML ื• - XHTML ืœืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ . ================================================================= ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื–ื• , ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ 3- ื“ืฃ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื” . ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื“ืฃ , ื•ืืช ืžืกื•ืžืŸ h1, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืฃ . ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” , ื•ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื H2. H42html.html
  40. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ืขื ืชื•ื•ื™ืช . ============================================================
  41. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1 ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ &amp;quot; ืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™ &amp;quot;. ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ &amp;quot; ืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™ &amp;quot;. ืืœืžื ื˜ ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ืงืœื˜ . ===========================================================
  42. ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ radio buttons ืขื ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ืคืจื“ . X:\\ ื”ืจืฆืื” \\ HTML&apos;S\\H44.2.html
  43. H53 ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ object ื“ื•ื’ืžื” 1: ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš ื”ืžืชืืจ ืื•ืชื• : ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ object
  44. object ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืขื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™
  45. ื‘ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืฉืžืชืืจ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”
  46. H 67: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืจื™ืง ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืช title ืฉืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ , img ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืŸ
  47. ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืชืžื•ื ื” ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ . ืžื™ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ืืžืช , ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื™ืฃ ื›ื–ื” ืืœื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ CSS ืœืชืžื•ื ื”
  48. H71 : ืžืชืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช Fieldset &amp; legend - ืžื˜ืจืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืงื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื‘ื ื•ืฉื . ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” .
  49. ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื–ื• ืžืจืื” ืคืจื™ื˜ ืขื ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช . ื›ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ( input type=&amp;quot;radio). ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš fieldset. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื legend element X:\\ ื”ืจืฆืื” \\ HTML&apos;S\\H71.1.html
  50. ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ( checkboxes) ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช . ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ( input type=&amp;quot;checkbox&amp;quot;) ื™ืฉ ืชื•ื•ื™ืช . ื›ืœ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš fieldset, ื•ืืช legend element ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช . X:\\ ื”ืจืฆืื” \\ HTML&apos;S\\H71.2.html
  51. H39 : ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ caption ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื˜ื‘ืœื” . ื“ื•ื’ืžื” : ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ CAPTION ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžืกืš ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื–ื” . ================================================================== ื™ืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžืช HTML
  52. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืชืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” , ืื• ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” . ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ &amp;quot; ืงื•ืจืื™ ืžืกืš &amp;quot;, ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ .
  53. ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื . ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื , ???? ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื• &amp;quot; ื– ืชื•ื•ืื™ 7 ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ . ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืขื” 4:00 ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช . ืฆืžืชื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืื• ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœืš , ื•ืื– ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืขืžื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ื”ืฉืขื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช
  54. ืชืงืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื”
  55. 1.3.1 ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ : ื‘ื”ืฆื’ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื
  56. ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจืช , ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื” - HTML . ืื– ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ - CSS ืืœืžื ื˜ P ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืชืจืช . ืœื›ืŸ , ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืชืจืช . X:\\ ื”ืจืฆืื” \\ HTML&apos;S\\F2.html
  57. ื›ืืŸ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื•ืชืจืช Chapter1.gif ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื , &amp;quot; Chapter One&amp;quot; ื‘ื’ื•ืคืŸ Garamond ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 20 ืขืœ ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื . ื–ื” ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ ืœืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื img ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื›ื•ืชืจืช . ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช CSS
  58. ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ - CSS ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ .
  59. ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื‘ืื” , ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ CSS ื‘ืœื‘ื“ . ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ , &amp;quot;19.3% APR Typical Variable.&amp;quot; ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ CSS ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืขื–ืจ
  60. &amp;quot;19.3% APR Typical Variable.&amp;quot; =================================== ืื™ืคื” ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ื‘ื”
  61. ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืจืื™ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืฉื—ื•ื” , ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื . ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื : ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ , ื•ืื ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื—ื–ื™ืช ืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ื’ื ืจืงืข ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš .
  62. ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ืจืงืข ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืขืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ , ืื•ืœื ืฆื‘ืข ืงื™ื“ืžื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ X:\\ ื”ืจืฆืื” \\ HTML&apos;S\\F24.1.html
  63. ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื— ืœืžื™ ืฉื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืืช ืืชืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจื ืžืกืš
  64. ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉืžื˜ื” ( ASHMATA ) ืฉืœ alt- attribute ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช .
  65. ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ AT. ืื ืื™ืŸ alt attribute ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ . alt attribute ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืขืจืš ืจื™ืง ( ื›ืœื•ืžืจ : alt = &amp;quot;&amp;quot; ืื• alt=โ€œ โ€œ ) ื”ืขืจื” : ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉ alt = โ€œ &amp;quot; ื”ื•ื ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ alt= &amp;quot;&amp;quot; .
  66. ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ( structural markup) ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืคืงื˜ ืชืฆื•ื’ืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ . ื–ื” ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื . ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช HTML ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืคืจื™ืกืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืคืกื•ืœื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ &lt; th&gt; ืื• &lt; caption&gt; .
  67. ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื–ื•, ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืคืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ , ื•ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ . ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืงื˜ืข ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš, ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื› ื›ื•ืชืจืช.
  68. ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื–ื• , ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ &amp;quot; ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช &amp;quot; ( heading ) ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช : ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš ื•ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื™ื . H1 ื• - H2 ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืžืŸ ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืกืžืš . ืขื ื–ืืช , H3 ื• H4 ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืจืง ืœืืคืงื˜ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ - ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื .
  69. ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ื &amp;quot; ื›ืคื™ืœื™ื &amp;quot; ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืกืคืง ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช .
  70. ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข , ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืช C
  71. ืื‘ืœ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืงื•ืจื ืžืกืš ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืืœืคื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžืืœืคื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘. ืื– ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ .
  72. ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืงื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืื• ืœืกืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืข X:\\ ื”ืจืฆืื” \\ HTML&apos;S\\F73.html