1. LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY
CHAIN

2. PRODUCTION: A PRODUCT
a product can be something natural
a product can be something to be
sold
a product can be a service

3. PRODUCTION: INPUT
Input is something a business invests or
uses to make a product
Input can be: raw material, components
or parts, labour, capital, knowledge
Goods that are being made are work-in-
work-in-
progress (BrE) or work-in-process (AmE)
work-in-
Raw materials, components, work-in-
work-in-
progress and finished goods are kept in
stocks.

4. PRODUCTION: OUTPUT
Production takes place in plants or factories (if it
is mass production).
Production is usually automated.
Output is the number or type of things that a
plant, company, industry or a country produces.

5. OUTSOURCING
Companies that sell components or
raw materials are called partners or
suppliers.
If the company is subcontracting, it
uses outside suppliers to get goods
or services – it is called outsourcing.
In-house supplying means a
In-
company uses its own goods,
materials, services or components.

6. BUYERS AND SELLERS 1
People who buy
everyday products or
services are called
CUSTOMERS.
You can also talk
about USERS or END-
END-
USERS (people who
did not buy it but use
it).
People who buy
products for their own
use are CONSUMERS.

7. BUYERS AND SELLERS 2
A person or organisation who buys
something is a BUYER or
PURCHASER.
People who are responsible for it are
BUYING MANAGERS or PURCHASING
MANAGERS.
A person or a company that sells
something is called a SELLER.

8. MARKETING
Marketing is the process of planning,
designing, pricing, promoting and
distributing ideas, goods and services to
satisfy customer needs.
The four P-s of marketing:
P-
- Product
- Price
- Place
- Promotion
- (plus sometimes Packaging)

9. GOODS
Goods can be materials and
components from which products are
made.
Goods can also be products.
NB: goods is never used in singular
- Our goods are best in the market.
- What goods do you sell?

10. DISTRIBUTION
A distribution network:
producers
↓
wholesalers
↓ } distributors
retailers
↓
customers

11. SHOPS
Shop (BrE) store
(AmE)
Chain store
Convenience store
(deep) discounter
Department store
Hypermarket
Supermarket
Shopping centre
Shopping mall
Outlet

12. DIRECT MARKETING
Direct marketing uses direct mails to sell
or promote different products or services.
Direct mails are sometimes called junk
mail.

13. ADVERTISING
Different ways to advertise a product:
- The Internet
- Displays
- Neon signs
- Advertisements
Advertising campaign is a series of
advertisements. Organisation that designs
and manages it is advertising agency.

14. THE INTERNET AND E-
E-
COMMERCE
The Internet service provider (ISP) is the
organisation that gives you Internet
access.
You can use different search engines (i.e.
Google) to search the World Wide Web
(WWW).
e- commerce: selling on the Internet
- B2C (business to consumer)
- B2B (business to business)
- B2G (business to government)

15. Kasutatud materjalid
Hollett, V., Sydes, J. Tech Talk. Oxford University
Press, 2005.
Mascull, B. Business Vocabulary in use.
use.
Cambridge University Press, 2006