ipm in rice constitute how to manage the pest attack in crop by applying some IPM tools which suppress the labor cost and increase the economic value.

1. Insect pest complex of rice and their management
ANSHUMAN SEMWAL(17261) msC 2ND
YEAR
Agriculture (entomology)

2. introduction
Rice is grown in over 70 % of the area in Asia
and it forms a staple food for about 2.8 billion
people.
About 1400 insects covering 100 species are
reported is the world to feed on this crop, of
which about 20 species are of Economic
significance from different parts of the country.
The yield loss in rice is about 24-35 % with a
loss to the tune of Rs. 100 crores/year.
About 10-12 pests are important causing
significant damage.
Fao (1984)

3. Crop Losses Due to Pests
26%
26%
15%
33%
Diseases Insects
Weeds Rodents & others
National Importance
 Insects: Leaf folder, yellow Stem Borer, BPH, WBPH, GLH, GM, Gundhi bug
Regional Importance
 Swarming caterpillar, thrips, case worm, hispa, mites
Upcoming insect pest
 Mealy bug, mites, black bug, blue beetle
29%
16%
13%
10%
9%
9%
14%
Stem bore
BPH
Gall midge
Leaf folder
GLH
WBPH
Other pests
NCIPM (2013-14)

4. Cultural
practices
Cropping pattern
High yielding Varity
Change in nutrient use
pattern
Change in rainfall
& temp. pattern
Factors responsible for change in insect pest scenario
Cropping
pattern
Insects
Rice-rice-rice YSB, LF, BPH,
WBPH, GM, GLH
Rice-wheat YSB, LF, BPH
Rice-rice-fallow GM, LF, BPH,
WBPH
Evolution of new
biotypes
Resistance to pesti
cide

5. Pesticide Consumption in
India
28%
20%
6%6%
5%
35%
Rice Cotton Chilli wheat Vegetables Others
Insect
1.STEM
BORER
2.GALL
MIDGE
3.GREEN
LEAF
HOPPER
1.BPH
2.YSM
3.GM
(3BIOTYPE)
4.GLH
5.WBPH
1.YSM
2.GM
(4BIOTYPE)
3.LEAF
FOLDER
4.BPH
5.GLH
6.WBPH
7.CUTWOR
M
8.GUNDHI
BUG
9.HISPA
1.YSM
2.GM
(5BIOTYE)
3.LEAF
FOLDER
4.BPH
5.GLH
6.WBPH
7.CUTWOR
M
8.GUNDHI
BUG
9.HISPA
10.THRIPS
11.MITES
12.ROOT
WEVIL
13.BLACK
BUG
YSM
2.GM
(>13BIOTYPE)
3.LEAF
FOLDER
4.BPH
5.GLH
6.WBPH
7.CUTWOR
M
8.GUNDHI
BUG
9.HISPA
10.THRIPS
11.MITES
12.ROOT
WEVIL
13.BLACK
BUG
14.MEALY
BUG
15.BLUE
BEETLE
YEAR 1965 1975 1985 1995 2009
INCRE
ASE
100% 167% 300% 433% 500%
CHANGING SCENARIO OF INSECT PESTS IN RICE
NCIPM (2013)

6. Maximise crop production with minimum input
costs.
Minimise environmental pollution in soil, water
and air due to pesticides.
Minimise occupational health hazards due to
chemical pesticides.
Preserve ecosystem and maintain ecological
equilibrium.
No or less use of chemical pesticides for minimum
pesticide residues.
To improve farming systems.
NEED OF IPM

7. IPM Integrated Pest Management

8. Representative growth stages of the rice plant showing the associated
major insect pests
•Stem borer
•Thrips
•Whorl maggot
•Caseworms
•Stem borers
•Gall midge
•Army worm
•Leaf folder ,Rice hispa
•BPH
•GLH
•WBPH
•Stem borer
•Rice ear head bug
•Rice ear head bug
Seedling and nursery
stage
Vegetative stage Reproductive stage Rippening stage

9. CROP STAGE PESTS ETL
Nursery
Yellow stem borer 1 egg mass/m²
Rice thrips
Early to late
tillering
Leaf folder 2 fully damaged leaves(FDL) with
larva/hill
Stem borer 2 egg mass/m or 10% dead heart or 1
moth/m or 25 moth/trap/week
Gall midge 1 gall/m² or 10% silver shoot
Brown plant
hopper/WBPH
10-15 hoppers/hill
Rice case worm 2 FDL/hill
Rice hispa 2 adults or 2 dead leaf/hill
Swarming caterpillar 1 damaged tiller/hill or 2 larvae/m²
INSECT ETL AT DIFFERENT CROP STAGES

10. CROP STAGE PESTS ETL
Panicle initiation
Stem borers
2 egg mass/m² or 1 moth/m
or 25 moth/trap/week
Leaf folders 2 FDL/hill
BPH/WBPH 15-20 hoppers/hill
Swarming caterpillar/cut
worm
1 damaged tiller/hill or 2
larvae/m²
Flowering to milky grain
Gundhi bug 2 bugs/hill
Rice panicle mite No ETL
INSECT ETL AT DIFFERENT CROP STAGES

11. Insect pest at nursery stage
RICE THRIPS STEM BORER

12. IPM PRACTICES AT NURSERY STAGE
Cultural practice:
Rice Thrips- Flooding to submerge the infested field for 2 days as a
cultural control practice is very effective against the rice thrips.
Rice stem borer-
• Clipping the tips of seedlings.
• use short duration variety.
• Community-wide destruction of diapausing larvae (in stubble).
• Seedling treatment with chlorpyriphos 20 Ec @0.02%
Jain P.C. (2012)

13. Mechanical Control
Rice thrips
• Use of jute bage treat with kerosene oil .
Stem borer-
• Leaf clipping.
• Collection and destruction of egg mass.
• Use of mechanical devices-
• Light trap @ 2 trap/ha.
• Pheromone trap @ 18-20 trap/ha.
Resistant varity
No resistent varity for rice thrips.
Stem borer-Ratna, Sasyasree, Vikas, HKR 46, NDGR 21, Pantdhan 6

14. IPM PRACTICES IN VEGETATIVE
PHASE
STEM BORER
LEAF FOLDER RICE HISPA
CASE WORM WHORL MAGGOT GALL MIDGE

15. Insect Cultural practices
Rice whorl maggot
•Proper drainage of water
•Covering with Azolla and Salvinia
molesta.
• Direct-seeded.
• Close planting .
Rice stem borer
•Clipping the tips of seedlings.
• use short duration variety.
•Community-wide destruction of
diapausing larvae (in stubble).
Rice case worm
•Wider hill spacing (30 x 20 cm).
•Early planting .
•Draining of fields.
•Use of older seedlings.
•Judicious use of nitrogen fertilizer.
Cultural practices

16. GALL MIDGE •Control of grassy weed
•Draining of rice fields.
•Avoiding staggered planting
•Judicious use of nitrogen fertilizer.
RICE HISPA •Clipping and destruction of the top
three-fourths of the leaves of highly
•Removal of rice ratoons
•Top dressing nitrogen fertilizer
RICE LEAF FOLDER •Early planting
• Wider spacing
(22.5 x 20 cm and 30 x 20 cm)
•Avoid over-fertilization
•Maintenance of non-rice habitats
Cultural practices

17. INSECT PEST RESISTANT VARIETIES
Rice whorl maggot No resistant variety
Rice stem borer Ratna, Sasyasree, Vikas, HKR 46,
NDGR 21, Pantdhan 6,
Rice case worm ARC6626, ARC10651,
ARC10696, BKN6323, Brengut, BW78,
CO 28, Laki 396, and ROK2.
Rice gall midge Bhadrakali, Pavitra, Panchami, Triguna,
lndursamba, Shiva, Vasundhara, IR 36
Rice hispa OR165-94-1 and KAU1945
Rice leaf folder Ptb 21, Ptb 33,
TKMI, TKM2, TKM6, Muthumanikam,
RESISTANT VARIETIES

18. Mechanical control
• Leaf clipping- stem borer and rice hispa.
• Collection and destruction of egg masses- stem
borer.
• Cutting of leaf blade- rice hispa.
• Rope pulling- for dislodging case worm and leaf
folder.
• Hand pulling of affected part and destruction-
dead heart rice stem borer.
• Hand picking – leaf folder.
• Collection and destruction- larvae of case worm.

19. MECHANICAL DEVICES
PHEROMONE TRAP
LIGHT TRAP
STICKY TRAP
USE FOR CONTROL AND MONITORING OF STEM
BORER,LEAF FOLDER.CASEWORM
USE FOR CONTROL AND
MONITORING FLYING SMALL
INSECTS
USE FOR CONTROL AND MONITORING OF
STEM BORER,LEAF FOLDER.CASEWORM

20. BIOLOGIAL CONTROL AGENT

21. Insect pest Biological control
Rice whorl maggot Egg parasitoid – trichogrammatid
Larval parasitoid – eulophid &
braconid
Predators – ephydrid flies , spiders,
Rice stem borer Egg parasitoids – trichogrammatid,
scelionid, & eulophid wasp
Predators – tettigonid & gryllid feed on
eggs, carabid beetle feed on larva,
spider feed on adult
Rice case worm Parasitoid – trichogrammatid &
braconid wasp
Predators – dytiscid beetle (water
beetle )
Spider ( lycosa pseudoannulata)
Biological control of rice insects

22. Rice gall midge Larval parasitoids – platygasterid,
euplemid, pteromalid wasp
Predator – spider feed on adult
midges
Rice hispa The role of natural enemies has not been
fully assesed. However, several
braconid wasps parasitize the larva
Rice leaf folder Egg parasitoids – trichogrammatid,
Larval and pupal parasitoids – braconid,
ichneumonid, chalcid, elasmid &
encyrtid wasps
Predators – crickets ( feed on egg),
damselflies, ants and beetles prey on
larva, spider capyure adult moth
Biological control

23. HOST PLANT RESISTANCE
INSECT PEST DONORS RESISTANCE VARITY
Stem borer TKM-6 Ratna,Vikas,Sasyashree
Gall midge CR-143, Leuang-152,
Ptb-10, Ptb-18 ,Ptb-21,
Siam-29
Sneha,
Bhuban,Shaktiman,
Abhaya, Divya, Ruchi,
Vibhava,Kshira, Lalat,
MDU 3,
Pothana,Suraksha, Tara,
Rashmi, Karna Mahavir,
Neela, Rajendradhan202

24. BOTANIAL INSECTICIDES
• Foliar spray-NSEK @5% or neem oil 0.5% or
neem based commercial pesticide 300ppm @2.5
l/ha.
• Other– Margocide ok 80%,Achook, Nimbicidine
NCIPM (2012)

25. Insect pest Chemical control
Rice whorl maggot
Rice stem borer Carbofuran 3% CG @ 25000-66600 g/ha
or cartap hydrochloride 4% granules @
18750 g/ha
or cartap hydrochloride 50% SP @ 1000
g/ha.
Rice case worm Spray carbaryl 10% DP @ 25000 g/ha.
Rice gall midge Application of carbofuran 3% CG @
25000-66600 g/ha or fipronil 0.3% GR
@16670-25000 g/ha at 20 days after
transplanting.
Rice hispa Spray quinalphos 25% gel @ 1000 ml/ha
or chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 1250 ml/ha.
Rice leaf folder Spray cartap hydrochloride 4% granules
@ 18750-25000 g/ha or cartap
hydrochloride 50%
SP @ 1000 g/ha
Chemical control of rice insects
NCIPM (2012)

26. IPM PRACTICES IN REPRODUCTIVE PHASE OF
CROP
BPH WBPH
GLH GUNDHI BUG

27. INSECT PEST CULTURAL CONTROL
GLH •Sensible use of fertilizer by splitting nitrogen
applications
•Draining rice fields
• using early-maturing varieties
•Synchronous planting (planting neighboring
fields within 3 weeks)
BPH •Transplanting older seedlings (>3 weeks) also
reduces viral disease
•Avoid planting at peak activity period
•Early planting
•Crop rotation with a non-rice crop
WBPH •Sensible use of fertilizer by splitting nitrogen
applications
•Draining rice fields
• Using early-maturing varieties
•Synchronous planting (planting neighboring
fields within 3 weeks
Rice gundhi bug •Eliminate grassy weeds
•Avoid stagerred planting
CULTURAL CONTROL

28. MECHANICAL CONTROL
• Alternate wetting and drying- control of BPH
• Hand picking – Rice Gundhi Bug
• Use of jute bag treated with kerosene oil-BPH
• Mechanical devices-
• Sticky traps- For flying insects BPH,GLH,WBPH
• Application rates @50-60 traps/ha.
• Light traps-for BPH,GLH,WBPH.
• Application rates @2traps/ha.

29. INSECT PEST RESISTANT VARIETIES
GLH Vikramarya, Nidhi, IR 24, Radha,
Mahananda and Kunti.
BPH Vijetha, Chaitanay, Krishnaveni, Pratibha,
Vajram, pant dhan11
WBPH HKR 120, HKR 126, HKR 228, PR 108,
Menher, Pant dhan 10, Pant dhan 11,
Rice gundhi bug Sneha
RESISTANT VARIETIES
Jain P.C. (2012)

30. INSECT PEST BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
GLH Egg parasitoids - Trichogrammatid , mymarid wasp,
Nymphs & adult parasitoids – pipunculid flies, drynid wasps
Predator - Mirid bug, dragon fly, damsel fly, spiders, aquatic veliid
bugs
BPH Egg parasitoids – mymarid wasp, trichogrammatid, eulophid wasp,
Nymph & adult parasitoids – elencid strepsiterans, drynid wasp
Predators – mirid bug, dytiscid beetle, immature forms of dragon &
damsel fly
WBPH Parasitoids – drynid wasp
Predators – mirid bug, immature forms of dragon fly & damsel fly,
staphylinid beetles, lygaeid bugs, carabid beetles
Rice gundhi bug Parasitoid - Scelionid wasp,
Predators – grasshopper prey on eggs, spider prey on nymph
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

31. HOST PLANT RESISTANCE
INSECTS PEST DONORS RESISTENCE VARITY
BPH ARC-5984,ARC-650,
Karivennel,Leb Mue,
Nhang, Ptb-10, Ptb-
18,Ptb-21
Vijetha, Chaitanay,
Krishnaveni, Pratibha,
Vajram, pant dhan11
WBPH Ptb-33 HKR 120, HKR 126,
HKR 228, PR 108,
Menher, Pant dhan 10,
Pant dhan 11
GLH Ptb-2,W-1263 Vikramarya, Nidhi, IR 24,
Radha, Mahananda and
Kunti.
Dhaliwal and Atwal (2014)

32. BOTANICALS INSECTICIDES
• Foliar spray-NSEK @5% or neem oil 0.5% or
neem based commercial pesticide 300ppm @2.5
l/ha.
• Other – Margocide ok 80%,Achook, Nimbicidine

33. Insect pest Chemical control
GLH Imidacloprid 200SL @125 ml/ha for foliar apllication.
Thiamethom
BPH Spray of imidacloprid 70% WG @ 30-35 ml/ha or
imidacloprid 30.5% m/m SC @ 60-75 ml/ha or
ethofenoprox 10% EC @ 500-750 ml/ha or acephate 75%
SP @ 300-500 g/ha or buprofezin
25% SC @ 800 ml/ha
WBPH Spray of imidacloprid 70% WG @ 30-35 ml/ha or
imidacloprid 30.5% m/m SC @ 60-75 ml/ha or
ethofenoprox 10% EC @ 500-750 ml/ha or acephate 75%
SP @ 300-500 g/ha or buprofezin
25% SC @ 800 ml/ha
Rice gundhi bug Imidacloprid 200SL @ 0.05 % (2.5 ml/l) seed treatment
Imidacloprid 200SL @125 ml/ha for foliar apllication
Chemical control

34. THANKS………