CHILD PROTECTION RAPID ASSESSMENT REPORT -ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA.

Flood Disaster CPRA in Atanni Community, Ogbaru LGA, Anambra State- Nigeria 1
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Contents
Acknowledgement
Acronyms
Introduction and Background
Executive Summary
Methodology
 Process Management
 Risk Assessment and Team Members Security
 Data Confidentiality
 Planning / Coordination Meeting
 Result Dissemination
 Data Collection and Information Management.

Data Capture Method and Process
 Sampling
 Direct Observation
 Focus Group Discussion
 Key informant interviews
 Focus Group Discussions and Activity with Children
 Data analysis and Software(s) used.

Data Analysis and Interpretation
Limitations and Challenges
Key Findings and Recommendations

a. PROTECTION
b. COMMUNITY
c. EDUCATION
d. FOOD SECURITY
e. HEALTH
f. NUTRITION
g. SHELTER
h. WASH

APPENDIX
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Acknowledgements.
The Child Protection Network of Anambra State sincerely appreciates UNICEF for providing
the necessary technical support for this Child Protection Rapid Assessment. This experience
has further strengthened the network in the area of Child Protection in Emergency.
Appreciations also go to Save the Children for its role in the Child Protection in Emergency
(CPiE) trainings, especially the consultants from UNICEF and Save the Children.
Our sincere appreciations go to the Team members for their immense contributions and effort
without which this work would not have being a success. We are particularly grateful to the
analysis team for compiling this report on behalf of the CPN Anambra State.

The views and opinions in this report do not necessarily reflect those of UNICEF and Save the
Children.

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Acronyms.
CP – Child Protection
CPN - Child Protection Network
CPRA – Child Protection Rapid Assessment
NEMA – National Emergency Management Agency
SC – Save the Children
HH – Household
CDC – Community Development Committee
CRA – Childs Rights Act
LLITN – Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets
FGD – Focus group discussion
KII – Key Informant Interview
HCT – HIV Counselling and Testing
HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
SEMA - State Emergency Management Agency
ANSG- Anambra State Government
UNICEF – United Nations Children Fund
IDPs – Internally Displaced persons
SAR- Search And Rescue
LGAs – Local Government Areas
CPiE – Child Protection in Emergencies.
PG- President General

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Introduction and Background.
In the later part of 2012, between the months of July and September, the nation faced an
unprecedented flood disaster which resulted to loss of lives and property running into billions
of Naira. Several states were affected of which Anambra was one of the most affected States.
The disaster affected eight local government areas, with Anambra West and Ogbaru LGAs
worst hit. According to the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), 10000 homes
were fully or partially submerged by the flood with reported cases of death. Leading industries
in South of the Onitsha Metropolis were also affected by the flooding resulting to destruction
in socio-economic activities.

ANSG in collaboration with the Nigerian Army and Navy carried out search and rescue
(SAR) missions to evacuate stranded persons. The flooding resulted to IDPs being hosted in
fifteen (15) IDP camps, namely, Sharon House, Bishop Crowder School, the Army Barracks,
New Bethel Primary School, and Onitsha-South LGA premises in Onitsha; Health Centre
Umueje, Community Primary School Igbakwu, the Skills Acquisition Centre Anaku, in
Ayamelum LGA; St. Augustine Catholic Church and Unity Primary School Umuoba Anam;
General Hospital Umuleri, and St Joseph Secondary School, Aguleri, all in Otuocha and
Schools in Ossomala, Atani and St. Gregory Church Odekpe in the Ogbaru LGA.

So far, SEMA, and its Federal counterpart, NEMA, as well as UNICEF have conducted needs
assessment missions especially in Anambra East and West Local Government Areas.
However, little or no emphasis has been made on the impact of this disaster on children in
affected communities. This fact informed UNICEF’s participation in child protection
programmes with partnership/ support from SC UK in March 2013. The outcome of this was
to facilitate CPiE training for child protection network members, partners and actors in
Anambra State. This training was done in collaboration with Ministry of Women Affairs and
Social Development, Anambra. It was designed to be in two phases with Rapid Assessment
tasks in between.

Subsequent upon the training and workshop on responding to child protection in emergency, a
team was selected to perform a child protection rapid assessment in Atani community situated
in Ogbaru LGA, Anambra. The team embarked on the assignment and converged in the
second phase to present their findings and recommendations. This is the basis for this report.

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Executive Summary.
The flood disaster in Anambra State affected eight local government areas, with Anambra
West and Ogbaru LGAs worst hit. This flood disaster paralyzed economic activities, created
social turbulence, and rendered people homeless. Incidence of unemployment, psychologically
trauma, sickness, hunger and poverty have increased. Children were largely affected, as there
were reported cases of deaths, sexual violence and missing children.

This report is based on the Child Protection Rapid Assessment (CPRA) conducted in the Atani
community in Ogbaru LGA. The assessment was more of a retrospective study/ survey using
opinion sampling of participants in the community who either witnessed the disaster or resided
in the camps among other criteria. Sampled participants were code named ‘Site’ comprising of
different groups of persons including boys, girls, adult male and female with key emphasis on
children. The essence of code names was for easy reference to the various groups and activities
carried out in the field during the survey. In total, nine (9) sites were used in conducting the
assessment. They are: site 1 referred to as Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the women;
Site 2 as FGD with men; site 3 as FGD with girls; site 4 as FGD with boys; site 5 as Key
Informant interview with community women leader; site 6 as Key Informant interview with a
community member; site 7 as key informant interview with male Community leader (president
general); site 8 as key informant interview with a religious leader and site 9 as activity with
children.

The CPRA also involved the use of several assessment tools to allow for triangulation across
the different type of tools and sampled group (sites). These tools were guidelines on the Key
Informant Interviews, Focus Group Discussion, Observation and activity with Children which
was spread across Men, Youths, Women, Men, Girls, Boys, community Leaders, religious
leader, and Children

At the end of the CPRA data were analyzed using a Child Protection Data Analysis Template,
Service Provider Capacity Map, Institutional Care Capacity Map, CPRA Information
Consolidation Sheet and the Community Map. Also employed were statistical analysis tools to
quantify the rate/ severity of child protection issues observed. During the analysis, it was
observed that key issues and challenges raised were identifiable across most of the sites.

Based on the opinion sampling during the CPRA, 77.8% of the sites said there was sexual
abuse by children below 15 years. It is as a common practice in the community to find children

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between the ages of eight years and 15 years engaging in sexual relationship, this inturn leads
to high rate of child pregnancy which 88.9% of the sites agreed to. The combined effect of
sexual abuse and child pregnancy results to child marriage which was concurred to by 77.8%
of the sites. 44.4% of the sites said that cultism exists among boys and girls between the ages of
12 and 20 years. Drug / substance abuse was reported by 55.6% of the sites which was among
the reasons for cultism. Invariably, the issue of cultism, thugs and drug/substance abuse were
intertwined. Directly observed on the community were hunger and food insecurity. Poverty
was a contributing factor inferred from 88.8% of the sites. 22.2% of the sites agreed to child
labour. The same was applicable to rape which 22.2% of the sites agreed on. Other key cluster
indicators used aside Child protection was: Shelter, Health, Education, Nutrition, food
security, community restoration and WASH. The findings are discussed in this report.

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Recommendations:

- Advocacy on child protection issues should be carried out to relevant authorities such
as: the council of elders, vigilante, religious leaders, police, school management
(principals/head teachers etc.), in the community.
- There should be collaborations with relevant agencies, referrals and linkages to facilitate
prompt response to child protection issues in the community.
- Provision of qualified medical personnel to man existing health care centre/hospital to
offer health services for people in the community especially children.
- Employment of resident qualified teachers and provision of educational materials for
schools in the community.
- Skill acquisition training and provision of job opportunities for youths to minimize
idleness which is the reason for negative vices in the community.
- Re-orientation and counselling of children and youths on the dangers and implication
of certain issues considered as common practice in the community (eg. Drug abuse,
involving in early sexual relationship, cultism and thug).
- Construction of drainage systems in the communities to avert incidence of flash floods
during heavy downpour.
- Proper organisation and streamlining of intervention measures (especially food aid and
money) to avoid hijack by select group of people/ thugs.
- In future CPRA, it is necessary to make provision for incentives for the audience, no
matter how small.
- Fumigation and spraying of outdoor residual spray against mosquitoes and other
dangerous predators (like snake, scorpions etc).
- Construction of makeshift camps during period of flooding/ emergencies that will
accommodate children, youths and adults.

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Methodology
The tools used during the Rapid Assessment were adopted from the training manual issued
during the workshop/training on child protection in emergencies for CPN partners and
relevant actors in Anambra State. The tools were studied, revised and modified where
necessary by members of the team in their coordination meeting prior to the assessment in the
field (community). The team also made reference to similar assessment done by the CPN in
Rivers State, Nigeria.

Process Management.

The entire member of group 1 selected after the training workshop held in Awka, Anambra
State participated in the assessment (CPRA). Materials and other reference tools obtained from
UNICEF consultants during the training provided necessary technical guidance during the
process.
The team endeavoured to adhere to their work plan which was drafted towards the end of
training. After the training, a comprehensive coordination meeting was organised and attended
by team members to discuss and deliberate on the modalities and intricacies for the process.
During the coordination meeting, the team took time to remind themselves of the ethical
considerations to be made during the CPRA bearing in mind that it is a snapshot of urgent
child protection related needs among the affected population in the proposed community
(Atani) within the immediate post-emergency context as well as a stepping-stone for a more
comprehensive process of assessing the impacts of the emergency.

The group selected a team leader capable of leading the team during the period of assessment
and analysis. Team members were further divided and vested with different task/ roles prior
to the assessment day. A member of the team who was conversant with the community was
assigned to disseminate information and inform the President General of the community on
the intended assessment; explanation and briefing of the PG on the essence of CPRA in the
community was one of the entry points of the team. During the allocation of responsibility/
activity, members were divided such that there were interviewers and note takers for the
different groups (like focus group discussion, Key informant interview etc.) of participants in
the community to be sampled. Observation was the responsibility of every team member.
However, eleven (11) persons from the group formed the crux of team during the assessment in
the field. Others were responsible for analysing the data obtained from the field.

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The group embarked on its proposed field work according to its action plan based on the
coordination meeting held on 26th march 2013. The visit to the community was done on 2nd
April 2013. Prior to the visit, the person in charge of mobilizing participants from the
community was contacted to ensure that all arrangements were in place.

Risk Assessment and Team Members’ Security.

During the coordination meeting, each team member used the risk analysis template to analyse
individual risks and collective risk so as to ensure security of the team members during the
assessment, especially risks pertaining to the community and children.
Also, the team spent time to review the common practice and culture of the community to be
visited. This gave background information which helped in deciding the mode of dressing,
greeting and other code of conduct to be put into consideration. The team kept close contact
with the President General of the community, and had him organize the introductory meeting
with his cabinet before gaining access to the people in the community. The team had earlier
decided not to take pictures without informed consent. Another agreed safety precaution was
that all team members would not accept any form of entertainment from the community.

Data Confidentiality
To ensure data confidentiality during the assessment, the team decided to use codes for the
location and persons interviewed. These codes were only known to the team members. Also, a
team member was designated to handle all materials from the field, in the event of a possible
attack. It was also agreed that no team member will patronize any eatery or drinking place
(Joints) within the community.

Planning/Coordination Meeting.
All 14 members of the team were participants at the CPiE training/ workshop in Awka, but
organized a coordination meeting to plan for the assessment and do a refresher on a couple of
vital areas, especially data analysis, risk analysis, do’s and don’t’s of KII’s and FGD’s. The DO
NO HARM principle was also discussed within the context of the community to be visited.
Other things discussed were modalities for data collection, analysis & management,
number/groups of persons to be interviewed, questions/questionnaires to be used, ethical
considerations, assessment tools to be used, how to handle bias in the field and triangulate
information obtained.

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Result Dissemination.
It was discussed and agreed by the team that the results of the findings and analysis would be
collated by selected persons from the team. This was communicated with the entire CPN
partners and UNICEF consultants in the 2nd phase of the CPiE training / workshop in Awka.
Other relevant CPN partners and authorities were also briefed on the findings for proper
implementation / intervention where necessary.

Data Collection and Information Management
Our methods of data collection started with sampling selected groups of people from the
community that turned out for the exercise after the sensitization by the President General.
There was huge turn up of people in the community due to misinformation; they had the
notion that the team came for an intervention programme that involves disbursement of aid
(food and money). They were clarified on the essence and importance of the assessment. Our
method of opinion sampling from the selected persons was more of retrospective based on
their experience and knowledge of child protection concerns and issues that arose before,
during and after the flood incidence that affected the community with emphasis on the events
and activities that occurred during the flood incidence as it constituted a major emergency
situation. Other unit of measurement and assessment was based on the community’s capacity
to handle child protection issues, the community mechanism and approach to handle such
issues. This was done with reference to certain tools such as service provider’s capacity map,
institutional care capacity map and CP rapid assessment information consolidation sheet. The
key cluster indicators used were Child protection, Shelter, Health, Education, Nutrition, Food
security, Community restoration and WASH.

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Data Capture Method and Processing
Sampling

The venue for the activity was Central Primary School, Atani because it was a popular
converging point for the community during emergency. All the participants from the
community assembled at the venue after which a few were selected and divided into different
groups as stipulated by the methodology/ working plan for the team. They were briefed on the
modalities and intricacies of the assessment. The sampling modalities for the rapid assessment
agreed by the team were:

1. Focal Group Discussion with four (4) groups in the community. The groups include:
i. Women group comprising 10 persons
ii. Men group comprising 10 persons
iii. Youth group (boys) comprising 5 persons and
iv. Youth group (girls) comprising 5 person
2. Group activities with a group of 20 children whose parent gave consent to participate.
3. with 4 key informants comprising :
i. An interview with a man who can speak on behalf of the community
ii. A woman who can speak on behalf of the community
iii. A religious leader who has been working with children
iv. Another woman who has been working with children who can give us
information as it relates to children.

4. An interview with any other person(s) (such as Health worker, member of the village
vigilante, youth leader, and philanthropist) in the community that could be of help in
providing information relating to child protection issues in the community.

Direct Observation

Since the CPRA was a snapshot exercise, the team was less emphatic on visual inspections
from opinions and information garnered from the interviews and group discussion held with
the participants in the community. However, for the purpose of triangulation, it was pertinent
that the team visited the only orphanage/ Motherless babies home which took care of orphans
and vulnerable children in the community. It is owned by the Catholic Missionary managed by
the Rev. Sisters. Also visited was a government owned health care facility. The reason for the
visit was to obtain key informants that could help the team understand more on the physical,

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economic, cultural and social aspects of the flood disaster (especially child protection issues
evident in the community). This invariable served as a form of secondary data valuation on the
level of vulnerability and needs which verify the statements of other key informants and focus
groups.

Bias and Confounding Issues.

Bearing in mind the inherence of bias in every human, the assessment team paid attention to
this and was careful/ skilful in probing the sampled participants so as to minimize and handle
confounding issues and source of conflict (with emphasis on value based conflict). Our findings
and observations during the rapid assessment were based on different levels of interaction with
the participants interviewed in accordance with the modalities agreed by the team members.
Ethical considerations were adhered to. The information and response gotten were
triangulated to ensure that they were reliable and reflected the ideal situation/ issues in the
community. However, we deemed it necessary to highlight some of the bias peculiar to each
group during the assessment.

 FGD with Women: They were not open enough or conversant with issues affecting the
children. They were rather concerned with welfare and Health intervention
 FGD with Men: Although they were more open and factual to the issues concerning
children in the community prior and after the flood. Their bias was based on political
issues and Infrastructure development (eg schools and relief camps)
 FGD with Youth: They were conversant with issues affecting them and their opinion
reflected what was obtainable among children and youth in the community. However,
there were confounding issues and concern among the genders (boys and girls).
 Key Informant Interviews: The key informants were also good source of information
but they were only knowledgeable of those issues or scenarios they were conversant
with. This was based on their discretion.
 Activities with Children: Because of the poor educational background of the children,
they were not capable of engaging in simulating activities like drawing expression and
writing. They rather reflected what they were told by their parents.

Key informant interviews
The assessment teams selected the key informants using the criteria agreed upon during the
Planning/ coordination meeting which took place before field visit commenced. We agreed on
interviewing the PG of the community or his assistant, a clergy or religious leader, a youth

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leader, a member of the vigilante group in the community, as well as any other influential
person or alien knowledgeable of child protection issues in the community. They were also
expected to have had a first-hand experience in the camp or place of refuge for the community
during the flood disaster, someone who resides in the community and had remained in the
community during the flood or a farmer. Our questions were largely semi structured, but when
the question became structured due to the information required on the checklist, we asked
open ended questions.

Focus Group Discussions and Activity with Children
The assessment team selected members of FGDs based on gender characteristics,
socioeconomic characteristics and age group characteristics. Attention was given to the venue
and sitting arrangement of the group so as to ensure maximum participation and good rapport
among everybody involved.
FGDs involving children (Activities with children) were quite creative, and caught the
admiration of parents and other participants, although there was caution to avoid distraction of
the children. The team had purchased toys, playcards, writing materials and drawing tools for
the children. The FGD with children also involved the use of peer-wise ranking.

Data Analysis Softwares Used.
Maps, tables and Graphs for analysis were done using data analysis and application soft wares
which include: DevInfo 6.0, SPSS version 15 and MS-Excel 2010. There were members of the
team that were experienced and conversant with these applications. They were indeed a
resource to the team.

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Analysis and Interpretation.
Analysis and interpretation of data was carried out at various levels. Team members were
further sub divided into teams of three’s. Each team was given the task to analyse data based
on key clusters. The analysis at this level was further deliberated and streamlined in a plenary
to triangulate information based on direct observation. The final analysis was facilitated by the
statistical / software persons in the team and team member(s) that had been selected for this
task.

Map of Anambra State showing the Assessed
Community.

Atani Community

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Limitations and Challenges.
The limitations and obstacles encountered by the team during the CPRA are as follows:

 Mobilization was inadequate and not stream lined prior to our visit.
 Mis-interpretation of the objective for the visit. The community thought that the team
came for an intervention.
 Insufficient logistics and resource on the part of the team to handle the crowd that
turned up for the assessment.
 Activity with children wasn’t efficient as planned due to insufficient skills of the
assessors.
 At a point in time there was no proper communication among the team due to the
overwhelming crowd that turned up. Initially, there was no plan to share anything for
the populace but in order to forestall further misunderstanding and aggressiveness from
the populace that turned up, the team decided to share incentives (biscuits and juice) to
some of them.
 The analysis tool made little provision for certain information on certain issues and
findings in the community.

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Key findings and Recommendations.

A. PROTECTION.

Based on the team’s findings, the key protection concerns were sexual abuse, sexual violence
(rape), child pregnancy, child marriage, cultism and substance/drug abuse, children involved
in stealing, child labour. The factors that increased the vulnerability of children to these
protection concerns were: idleness, unemployment, poverty, high rate of school dropout, quest
for power and money, ignorance of the existence of CRA,

Key Finding.

Based on the opinion sampling during the CPRA, 77.8% of the sites said there was sexual
abuse by children below 15 years. In the community, it is a common practice for children
between the ages of eight (8) and eighteen (18) years to engage in sexual relationship, this in
turn leads to high rate of child pregnancy which 88.9% of the sites agreed to (see table 2). The
combined effect of sexual abuse and child pregnancy results to child marriage which was
concurred to by 77.8% of the sites. The reason for the high prevalence of child marriage in the
community was because the one of the mechanisms in which the issue of child pregnancy was
handled is to send the pregnant child to the family of the boy or man that impregnated the girl.

44.4% of the sites said that cultism exists among boys and girls between the ages of 13 and 20
years. Their reason for this included idleness, unemployment, school dropout, quest for power
and money among the children and youths. Drug / substance abuse was reported by 55.6% of
the sites which was also due to the reasons for cultism. Invariably, the issue of cultism, thugs
and drug/substance abuse were intertwined. Due to poverty and inadequate educational staff
(qualified resident teacher), there is high rate of school drop outs. This was said by 88.8% of
the participants.

Child labour was not common in the community because according to the sites, it was
prohibited for children to hawk or engage in child labour in the community. Only 22.2% of the
sites agreed to child labour. The same was applicable to rape which 22.2% of the sites agreed
on. The team inferred that since young girls are involved in sexual relationship and will
consent to sex without force, there was little or no sexual violence and rape. According to S1,
where such cases were reported, the community mechanism to handle such issue was by
flogging / public disgrace and payment of fine (#30,000) by the culprit.

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Observations.

Aside the interview with the different sites to ascertain child protection concerns, the team
made some observations in the populace during the CPRA. They are:

 2 pregnant children
 2 children hawking (a boy and a girl)
 1 mentally challenged child (girl)
 1 physically challenged child (boy)

However, some of the perceived factors that contribute to protection concerns include:

 Poverty
 Negligence of responsibility on the parents and caregivers of the children
 Neglect on the community to properly handle child protection issues.

Recommendations

- Skills acquisition should be provided for youths (boys and girls inclusive) in the
community to keep them busy and prevent them from engaging in cultism,
drug/substance abuse, thugs, theft, sexual relationships and other vices. Any skills
acquisition centre or programme should be done and owned by the community for easy
accessibility and participation.
- Qualified teachers who are resident in the community should be employed or posted to
schools (both primary and secondary) in the community. Same is applicable to health
care institutions (hospitals and maternity).
- Psychosocial support for children raped and sexually violated children.
- Counselling and sensitization on CP and CRA for children, parents and other care
givers should be carried out. Youths and children should be counselled on the
implications of early sexual relationships.
- The community should be empowered through capacity building to effectively handle
child protection issues in emergencies.

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Child Protection Issues/ Concerns Identified in
Atani Community

Children without
Primary care
givers
4% Rape
4% Child Pregnancy
Educational 17%
Concerns (school
drop out)
17%
Sexual Abuse
15%
Health Concerns
(sickness,
diseases & Child Marriage
infections) 11%
19% Cultism/
Gang/thugs
9%

Child Labour
4%

Figure 1

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B. COMMUNITY RESTORATION.

During the flood disaster, the crop produce and farmland of the community were washed
away. The impact was also felt on their livestock, shelter, socio-economic life, environment,
properties and infrastructure

Findings
88.9% of the sites said intervention measures and relief materials distributed after the flood
made little or no impact to ameliorate their situation. Thus, there is still need for community
restoration based on the impact of the flood on the lives, livelihood, livestock, shelter, socio-
economic life, environment and properties. Most of their residential houses and infrastructures
were affected. Some standing are on the verge of collapse. Some of their source of water is still
contaminated. Existing drainages are blocked. This poses threat of epidemic / outbreak of
infectious diseases in the community. This was said by 77.8% of the sites.

Recommendation

- Unblocking and construction of more drainage systems in the communities.
- The community should be fumigated and sprayed with outdoor residual spray.
- Provision of agricultural aid (improved seedlings, fertilizers and tools) to farmers.
- Financial aid should be provided for reconstruction of houses and other infrastructures
affected during the flood.
- Economic strengthening will be needed, especially by households that were most
impacted.
- Provision of upland location /land that will serve for construction of makeshift camps
during period of flooding/emergencies.

C. EDUCATION

During the flood disaster, schools (Primary and secondary) were closed down either due to
actual flooding or because they could be used as make shift camps for IDPs. Some of the
educational infrastructures destroyed were books, desks, chairs etc. This made it difficult for
the pupils/ students to reintegrate effectively to the schools when they resumed after the flood.
One of the functional school and its infrastructure was defaced and over stretched. It is yet to
be repaired / re-constructed

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Findings

100 % of the sites agreed that the educational standard prior to the flood was not good enough
and the case was worsened after the flood. 80% of schools in the community were used as
temporary camp during the onset of flood before affected populace in the community were
moved to camps for IDPs in other communities not affected. These schools couldn’t be used
immediately to commence educational activities for children after the flood. 60% of
educational infrastructures were affected by the flood. It is also pertinent to note that majority
of the teachers (up to 65% ) teaching in the schools are not residing in the community or close
to the schools. This made teaching activities epileptic in the communities because students are
only taught when the teachers came to school which is often difficult for them especially after
the flood. 70% of sites 1 and 2 said that children lost their books and school materials during
the flood 10% of them claimed to be able to replace them after the flood. Child friendly
services or infrastructures (like crèche, playgrounds and parks) were scarcely available before
the flood. However, 90% of sites 1 and 2 wished schools were fully functional to meet their
standard educational requirements.

Recommendations

- Free educational materials should be given to children.
- Schools severely affected during the flood should be re-constructed and fortified with
necessary infrastructures/ amenities.
- Massive WASH intervention should be carried out in schools that were used as
temporary camps for IDPs in the community
- Child friendly interventions should be introduced to schools in the community for the
purpose of helping children heal from the psychological trauma caused by the disaster,
especially as there was no report of a Child friendly space in makeshift camps.
- Teachers should be encouraged to live in close proximity to the schools in the
community so that they can be constant in their teaching duties.
- Educational infrastructure should be donated to the schools to replace those destroyed
during the flood.
- Alternative shelter / makeshift camps should be built to avoid using schools/
classrooms as makeshift camps.

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D. FOOD SECURITY

The flood incidence in the community washed away farm lands and destroyed cash crops. This
affected the sources of livelihood for major households because they were dependent of
proceedings from their livestock and food stock which were loss during the flood. Few were
salvaged which couldn’t meet the needs of the community after the flood.

Findings

Based on our assessment, 88.9% of the sites interviewed revealed that food security was a
serious concern after the flood because the flood wrecked their agricultural produced in the
farmland and in storage. This proportionally affected their source of livelihood too as most of
the people in the community didn’t have income to buy food. Where available, the cost of food
was outrageous. 85% of site 9 complained of not feeding well after the flood which had a direct
impact on their health. 70% of Site1 said most women lost their cooking utensils during the
process of salvaging their properties from the flood. 66.7% of the Sites alleged that the relieve
materials (food aid) wasn’t enough or distributed properly; they were hijacked or siphoned by
certain groups of peoples.

Recommendations

- Agricultural intervention should be carried out; subsidies on farm inputs for farmers
should be given to farmers. This can be achieved through formation of community
cooperative societies.
- Cooking utensils should be provided for the families.
- Proper and fortified storage facility should be provided to store collective farm produce
for the community.
- Provision of food stock should be a major priority.
- Proper logistics should be created to facilitate proper distribution of food aid.

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E. HEALTH

Health concern was one of the major issues during the flood disaster. There were reported
cases of loss of lives, which were largely health related. Although there was health centre, there
were no medical personnel on ground to offer services except for volunteers that offered first
aid to ill persons in the community. Outbreaks reported were malaria and cholera.

Findings

100% of the sites indicated that health of the people in the community was threatened as many
of them fell ill during and after the flood. Some even died to due to inability to access
immediate health care services. Also, it was alleged anybody who had direct contact with the
flood water (by walking or swimming) had serious skin reactions and pruritis. Health centres/
institutions had 33.3% capacity to handle health related issues in the community during the
flood. Health services further declined after the flood. This was a risk of post-disaster disease
outbreak or epidemic resurgence.

Recommendations

- Health care facilities in the communities should be provided with medicines/ drugs to
treat cases of basic health issues in an event of a possible health emergency.
- More Primary Health Care centres should be provided with qualified staff to render
clinical / health services for people in the community especially children.
- In the absence of community health workers, health workers in the nearby
towns/communities should be placed on alert.
- Children should be de-wormed with anthelminthic drugs to forestall outbreak or
transmission of gastrointestinal infections.
- Surrounding of houses should be sprayed with residual insecticide against mosquitoes.
LLITN should also be provided/ distributed to manage a possible outbreak of malaria
in the communities
- Medical personnel and Community health workers should be deployed to the
communities.
- Due to the high incidence of sexual abuse and sexual relationships, HCT and related
services should be provided for children and youths in the community especially during
emergencies such as the flood incidence.
- Drug aid should be provided for the community.
`

F. NUTRITION

The flood disaster affected the nutrition pattern of people in the community. 85% of children
site9 discussed with confirmed that they had little or nothing to eat sometimes during the flood.

Findings

From our finding, 88.9% of the sites said households were unable to get 2 meals in a day let
alone 3 meals. 100% of site 1 and site 3 confirmed that there were no provisions (such as infant
formula donation or powdered milk) made for babies/infants during the flood. Albeit there
was an orphanage that offered nutritional supplements for infant babies they were unable to
carter for a quarter of the babies during the flood because there was limited resources for them.
there was 15% change in breast feeding patterns and 35% of breast feeding mothers reported
cases diarrhoea related to change in nutrition patterns of the mothers. There was indeed threat
of nutritional emergency during flood. This was evident as there were signs of malnourishment
in some of the children after the flood in the community.

Recommendations

- Nutrition interventions should be carried in the community especially through available
institution(s) for children/ babies.
- Infant formula/ baby milk should be donated to nursing mothers
- Nutritional supplements should also be given to severely affected children who are
showing signs of malnourishment in the community.

G. SHELTER

Among the major impact of the flood disaster was the destruction of household properties and
shelter. This had more effect on houses built with woods (Bacha) and mud especially at the
river banks. Shelter for affected people in the community was an issue as majority of the
community had to seek refuge in other communities thus increasing their vulnerability.

Findings

From our findings, 66.6% of the sites reported that houses were damaged and destroyed during
the flood. There were no segregated makeshift camps/ shelter for people affected during the
camp. Men, women and children virtually shared the same classrooms in schools that were

`

used as temporary shelter before they were moved to camps outside the community. 40% of
site 2 indicated that some households are still in need of shelter after the flood because their
houses were still destroyed by the flood and yet to be repaired or rebuilt.

Recommendations

- Relief items like matrasses, beddings and mats should be provided for households
whose items were destroyed during the flood.
- Emergency shelters should be provided for vulnerable households especially those
whose houses were destroyed by the flood.
- For future, such emergency shelters should be built for the different sexes (males and
females).

H. WASH.

There were severe WASH concerns in the community during and after the flood especially in
institutions that served as temporary/ makeshift camps for people affected. The flood had
washed up refuse dump sites and sewage facilities in the communities. The wastes generated at
the camp were also a concern. Because there were no temporary toilets constructed in the
makeshift camps, people used surrounding bushes and spaces close to the camps to defecate.
Even when they were moved to outside camps, same thing was also applicable. This poses
serious risk to the children or people whose schools were used.

Findings

- 44.3% of the sites said the pit latrines were the used before the flood. However, most
people especially children prefer to use the bush to defecate.
- After the flood, almost all the pit latrines were full and contained debris carried by the
flood thus making them hazardous and unusable.
- 77.7% of the sites said that people resorted to defecating in nearby bushes after the flood
except for few households that have good sewage systems in the community.
- Before the flood, most of the people in the community used the nearby river as source
of water for household shores. Some preferred to buy water that were fetched from
borehole. After the flood, the price for water increased as most of the borehole and
source of water were polluted.

`

Composition of Sampled Population.

Composition of Sampled Population

Women
19%
Children
37%

Men
19%

Key Informants Boys
Girls
7% 9%
9%

`

Appendix

Gender Balance among Assesment Team

21%

79% Males
Females

Figure 1

Gender Balance for Children FGD

40%
60%
Males

Females

Figure 2

`

Gender Balance among Key Informants

50% 50%
Males
Females

Figure 3

`

Table 1: COMPOSITION OF SAMPLED POPULATION AND ACTIVITIES DURING
CPRA

S/NO. GROUPS SAMPLED Activity Carried out CODE NAME SAMPLED SIZE
1 Women (community) FGD with women Site 1 (S1) 10
2 Men (community) FGD with men Site 2 (S2) 10
3 Girls (youths) FGD with girls Site 3 (S3) 5
4 Boys (Youths) FGD with boys Site 4( S4) 5
5 Key Informants:
i. Community Leader (woman) KII with woman leader Site 5 (S5) 1
ii. Teacher (Youth) KII with Teacher Site 6 (S6) 1
iii. Local Authority KII with president General Site 7 (S7) 1
iv. Religious Leader KII with religious leader site 8 (S8) 1

6 Children Activity with Children Site 9 (S9) 20
TOTAL 54
KEY: FGD=Focus Group Discussion;
KII= Key Informant Interview

`

Table 2: OPINION POLL FOR SAMPLED POPULATION (SITES) ON KEY CHILD PROTECTION ISSUES IN
EMERGENCY (CPIE)

NO. OF SITE PERCENTAG
S/NO KEY CHILD PROTECTION ISSUES NO. OF SITES SITES THAT COMPOSITIO E (%) of
. INDICATED INTERVIEWED AGREED TO N THAT CPiE AGREED
CPiE AGREED TO
1 Child Pregnancy:
- Children between 9 years and 17 S1, S2, S3, S4,
years getting pregnant 9 8 88.9
S5, S6, S7, S8

2 Sexual Abuse:
- Children involved in sexual S1, S2, S4, S5,
relationships - Premarital Sex 9 7 77.8
S6, S7, S8
- Children consenting to sex

Child Marriage: S2, S3, S5, S6,
3 - Children between the age 9 and 17 9 5 55.6
S8
getting married/ bethroted to men

Cultism/ Gang/thugs: S2, S3, S4, S7,
4 - Children associated with cults, Gangs, 9 4 44.4
S8
stealing and organized political violence

5 Child Labour:
- Children involved in hawking / selling. 9 2 S3, S9 22.2
-Children are paid for offering services
(like fetching water, firewood etc.

6 Inability of children to access
immediate health care and other
Services: - S1, S2, S3, S4,
Children fell ill and couldn’t be treated 9 9 S5, S6, S7, S8, 100.0
immediately. S9
- Little or no laboratory diagnosis for
infections/diseases before treatment
- little or no antenantal care for
pregnant children before child birth

S1, S2, S3, S4,
7 School drop out: 9 8 88.9
S5, S6, S7, S9
-Children are unable to complete or
continue their education

8 Children without Primary care
givers: 9 2 S6, S8 22.2
- Children loss their parents/ relatives
and are without persons to help/care
for them

9 Rape:
- Children were molested and forced to
9 2 S3, S7 22.2
have sex.
- Physical violence during sexual
encounter

`

Table 3: Gender Balance for Assesment Team

Composition Number Percentage (%)
Males 3 21
Females 11 79

Table 4: Gender Balance among Key Informants

Composition Number Percentage
Males 2 50
Females 2 50

Table 5: Gender Balance for Children FGD (activity with Children)

Composition Number Percentage (%)
Males 8 40
Females 12 60

`

`

CHILD PROTECTION RAPID ASSESSMENT REPORT -ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA.

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