JANOG 44: Polices that changed the Internet
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APNIC Internet Resource Analyst, George Odagi, gave a presentation on the ‘Policies that changed the Internet’ on the history of policies at APNIC, why policies are important and how they affect you, how to get involved in the APNIC Policy Development Process (PDP) and current policy proposals at APNIC
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JANOG 44: Polices that changed the Internet
- 1. 1 Policies that changed the Internet George Odagi Internet Resource Analyst / Policy Support APNIC
- 2. Step back to the mid-2000s 0 500000000 1000000000 1500000000 2000000000 2500000000 3000000000 3500000000 4000000000 1981-09 1991-01 1991-07 1991-09 1991-12 1992-03 1992-07 1992-08 1992-12 1993-03 1993-05 1993-10 1994-01 1994-02 1994-03 1994-04 1994-05 1994-06 1994-07 1994-08 1994-09 1994-10 1994-11 1995-01 1995-04 1995-05 1995-06 1995-11 1996-04 1996-06 1997-03 1997-04 1997-10 1998-03 1998-04 1999-07 2000-06 2000-07 2000-12 2001-04 2001-05 2001-06 2001-09 2001-12 2002-07 2002-08 2002-11 2003-02 2003-04 2003-11 2004-01 2004-04 2004-08 IANA IPv4 Free Pool
- 3. The community had become complacent about exhaustion. It had been a case of the ‘boy who cried wolf’ where people had stopped paying attention to stories about IPv4 exhaustion… they had not given much thought to the eventual day when there would be no more addresses left for IANA to allocate. Izumi Okutani Former JPNIC Policy Liaison “ ”
- 4. First come, first served • First come, first served was the norm • If that continued, APNIC region would probably eaten most remaining space • What about Africa? • Was this fair? 3% 35% 28% 7% 27% AFRINIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC Global IPv4 /8s
- 5. A final /8 each 103/8 104/8 179/8 185/8 102/8
- 6. Heading to 103/8 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 500000 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 East Asia South East Asia South Asia Oceania /24s
- 7. A soft landing: /22 from the last /8 13,000+ delegations from 103/8 – without this policy, addresses would have exhausted long ago Innovation has continued in APAC: 1000s of new ISPs, data centres and start-ups since 2011 Emerging economies have benefitted • BD: 68 members → 701 members • PK: 51 Members → 175 Members • KH: 25 Members → 95 Members • MM: 2 Members → 73 Members • PH 93 Members → 235 Members
- 8. A brief aside: How’d we get to /22? • Minimum requirement set at /21, had to show use of /23 • Hard for start-up ISPs in emerging economies to do – stifling growth • Policy changed the requirements and min allocation to /22 • Great example of community adjusting policy to its needs 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 IPv4 Delegations by Size /22 /21
- 9. Making it last: 103/8 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 500000 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 East Asia South East Asia South Asia Oceania /24s
- 10. The policy was deeply divisive because it recognized that addresses were being transferred between parties for financial gain. But the movement of addresses wasn’t going to stop. If we didn’t have this policy, the accuracy of the registry – which the community relies on – could be severely impacted. Geoff Huston APNIC Chief Scientist “ ”
- 11. IPv4 transfers take off 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Between RIR Regions Within APNIC Region
- 12. What’s the common thread? All these policies were created by people just like you!
- 15. Proposals Implementation • prop-125: Validation of “abuse-mailbox” and other IRT emails – Reached consensus at APNIC 46 – More details to follow… • prop-127: Change maximum delegation size of 103/8 IPv4 address pool to a /23 – Reached consensus at APNIC 47 – Implemented immediately • prop-128: Multihoming not required for ASN – Reached consensus at APNIC 47 – Implemented in July • prop-129: Abolish Waiting list for unmet IPv4 requests – Reached consensus at APNIC 47 – Implemented in July
- 16. New proposals – prop-130: Modification of transfer policies
- 17. Did not reach consensus • prop-124: Clarification on IPv6 Sub-Assignments • prop-126: PDP Update 17
- 18. Upcoming Conference 18 48 CHIANG MAI, THAILAND 5 – 12 September 2019 #apnic48 Registration and fellowship applications now open. https://conference.apnic.net/48/
- 20. 20 Policies that changed the Internet インターネットを変えた番号資源管理ポリシー George Odagi Internet Resource Analyst / Policy Support APNIC
- 22. The community had become complacent about exhaustion. It had been a case of the ‘boy who cried wolf’ where people had stopped paying attention to stories about IPv4 exhaustion… they had not given much thought to the eventual day when there would be no more addresses left for IANA to allocate. 奥⾕ 泉 元・JPNICポリシー担当 “ コミュニティは枯渇について、 楽観視していました。 “オオカミ少年”の話のようだと いって、⼈々がIPv4の枯渇につ いて注意を払っていませんでし た。 ⼈々は、IANAに割り当てるため のアドレスが枯渇するまさにそ の⽇のことをあまり考えていま せんでした。
- 23. 申請順のIPv4アドレス分配 • IANAからの番号資源の割り振り は、申請順が原則 • この原則が変わらなければ、 APNIC地域への分配がさらに⾼ い割合を占めることになってい たでしょう • アフリカ地域へのIPv4アドレス 分配は︖ • これは公平だったのか︖ 3% 35% 28% 7% 27% AFRINIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC Global IPv4 /8s
- 25. 通常在庫枯渇(2011/04)までのIPv4アドレス分配 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 500000 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 East Asia South East Asia South Asia Oceania /24s 東アジア 東南アジア 南アジア オセアニア
- 26. 持続可能な成⻑を⽬指して 〜103/8から⼀組織あたり/22の割り振り〜 103/8から13000件を超える分配 →この⽅針がなければ、103/8の在 庫は既に枯渇している可能性が⾼い APAC地域で続くイノベーション 2011年以来、何千ものISP、 データセンタ、関連企業の設⽴ を⽀える 恩恵を受ける新興国 (APNIC会員数) • バングラデシュ: 68 (2011) → 701(2019) • パキスタン: 51 → 175 • カンボジア: 25 → 95 • ミャンマー: 2 → 73 • フィリピン: 93 → 235
- 27. /22の割り振りになったのはどうして︖ • 最⼩割り振りサイズが /21の場合、申請直後に /23を利⽤する計画を提 出する必要があった • 新興国のスタートアップ によっては困難な場合も • ポリシーを改定して、 最⼩サイズを/21から/22 へ変更(2008年) • コミュニティのニーズに あわせてポリシー改定を ⾏った具体例の⼀つ 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 サイズごとのIPv4割り振り数 /22 /21
- 28. 通常在庫枯渇(2011/04)以降のIPv4アドレス分配 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 500000 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 East Asia South East Asia South Asia Oceania /24s
- 29. The policy was deeply divisive because it recognized that addresses were being transferred between parties for financial gain. But the movement of addresses wasn’t going to stop. If we didn’t have this policy, the accuracy of the registry – which the community relies on – could be severely impacted. Geoff Huston APNIC Chief Scientist “ 利益を得ようとする当事者間で既 にIPv4アドレスが移転されており、 IPv4アドレス移転ポリシーの議論 は収束しませんでした。 IPv4アドレスの移転は⽌まること はありませんでした。 もし、この移転ポリシーがなけれ ば、コミュニティが信頼する、レ ジストリ登録情報の正確性に影響 を与える可能性がありました。
- 30. IPv4アドレス移転の開始(2010/02) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Between RIR Regions Within APNIC Region レジストリ間の移転件数 APNIC内の移転件数
- 34. 実装済みのポリシー提案① • prop-125: Validation of “abuse-mailbox” and other IRT emails (IRTオブジェクト中の電⼦メールアドレスの検証) – APNIC46(2018/09開催)でコンセンサス – 2019年6⽉より実装 • prop-127: Change maximum delegation size of 103/8 IPv4 address pool to a /23 (103/8からの最⼤割り振りサイズを/23へ変更) – APNIC47(2019/02開催)でコンセンサス – コンセンサス後に即時実装
- 35. 実装済みのポリシー提案② • prop-128: Multihoming not required for ASN (AS番号割り当てにおけるマルチホーム要件撤廃) – APNIC47(2019/02開催)でコンセンサス – 2019年7⽉より実装 • prop-129: Abolish Waiting list for unmet IPv4 requests (IPv4アドレス返却プールからの割り振り待機者 リストの廃⽌) – APNIC47(2019/02開催)でコンセンサス – 2019年7⽉より実装
- 36. 今後議論予定の提案 – prop-130: Modification of transfer policies (移転ポリシーの修正)
- 37. コンセンサスに達しなかった提案 • prop-124: Clarification on IPv6 Sub-Assignments (IPv6アドレスポリシーにおける再割り当ての明確化) • prop-126: PDP Update (ポリシー策定プロセスの修正) 37
- 38. APNIC48ミーティング開催のお知らせ 38 48 CHIANG MAI, THAILAND 5 – 12 September 2019 #apnic48 Registration now open. https://conference.apnic.net/48/