The document discusses different definitions and concepts of health over time. It defines health according to WHO as a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being, not just the absence of disease. Health is viewed as a dynamic state of adaptation and adjustment. More recently, health is seen as influenced by various social, economic and environmental factors in a holistic sense. Illness is defined as an abnormal response to disease that impairs one's level of functioning.
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Health and illness introduction
1.
2.
3.
4. Health :
• Health means different things to different
people, depending in the situation.
• Level of functional metabolic efficiency
of a living organism
• Good health is a prerequisite of human
productive and developmental process.
5. In 1948 the world health organization (WHO)defines
health as,
“A state of complete physical,
mental, social, spiritual wellbeing
and not merely absence of disease or
infirmity”
6. “ Dynamic state in which the
individual adapts to changes in
internal and external environments to
maintain a state of well being “
(Potter and Perry- 2014)
7. “Health as a state of being well and
using every power the individual
possesses to the fullest extent”
(Nightingale ,1960/1969)
8. Health is evolved over the centuries as a concept
from individual concern to world wide social goal
and encompasses the whole quality of life.
Changing concept of health till now are,
Biomedical concept
Ecological concept
Psychosocial concept
Holistic concept
9.
10. Traditionally, health has been viewed as an “absence
of disease”, and if one was free from disease, then the
person was considered healthy.
The medical profession viewed the human body as a
machine, disease as a consequence of the breakdown
of the machine and one of the doctor’s task as repair
of the machine.
11.
12. Form ecological point of view; health is viewed as a
dynamic equilibrium between human being and
environment, and disease a maladjustment of the
human organism to environment.
According to Dubos “Health implies the relative
absence of pain and discomfort and a continuous
adaptation and adjustment to the environment to
ensure optimal function.”
The ecological concept raises two issues, viz.
imperfect man and imperfect environment.
13. According to psychosocial concept ,
“health is not only biomedical
phenomenon, but is influenced by social,
psychological, cultural, economic and
political factors of the people concerned.”
14.
15. This concept is the synthesis all the above concepts.
It recognizes the strength of social, economic ,
political and environmental influences on health.
It described health as a unified or multidimensional
process involving the wellbeing of whole person in
context of his environment .
17. Illness : An illness is the response ,the
person has to disease .
It is an abnormal process in which the
persons level of functioning is changed
compared with a previous level.
18. Persons physical ,emotional, intellectual , social,
developmental or spiritual functioning is diminished or
impaired.
Illness is highly subjective ; only the individual person
can say he or she is ill.
Can be acute or chronic
20. Disease can be described as an alternation in body
functions resulting in reduction of capacities or a
shortening of the normal life span.
The causation of the disease called Etiology.
21. State of wellbeing.
“Well being is a subjective perception of vitality and
feeling well…..can be described objectively,
experienced, and measured …..and can be plotted on a
continuum”
(Hood and Leddy,2003)