IER_DU_2019

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ASSIGNMENT TOPIC
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS
SSE-629: _ SOCIAL THOUGHTS ON EDUCATION
Supervisor:
Professor Dr. Abdul Maleque
Head of Social Science Education Department
Institute of Education Research (IER),
University of Dhaka (DU).
E-mail:
Presented By:
ARIFUL ISLAM BHUIYAN
M.ED (EVENING)
ROLL NUMBER: 17-01-320
MOBILE NUMBER: +8801610007970
E-mail: ariful.bhuiyan@yahoo.com

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Introduction:
“Bangladesh". World Factbook. ... In Bangladesh, all citizens must undertake twelve
years of compulsory education which consists of eight years at primary school level
and six years at high school level. Primary and secondary education is financed by the
state and free of charge in public schools.
In a world of global market competition, the secondary level education has become a
part of basic education. Secondary schools are vested with the responsibility of
imparting knowledge, skills and attitudes essential for individuals to fit into society and
be able to contribute fruitfully to its development. This article analyses the development
of secondary education in Bangladesh in different period of time, socio-political
context. Therefore, a general overview of secondary education is provided which is
followed by historical evolution of secondary education in the British and Pakistani rule
over Bangladesh. In conjunction with primary and mass education, secondary
education was revised with great emphasis on the development of an all-round
individual, female education, the acquisition of quality education, and the inculcation
of technical and science education. A good number of commissions and committee
were formed in different time to make changes in educational arena. Following the
recommendations, the system of educational administration has been decentralised to
promote school-based management and teacher empowerment. Furthermore, the
non-government schools have been always encouraged to play an active role in
providing secondary level education. A new education policy for Bangladesh has been
tabled in September, 2009 after restoration of democratic process. At secondary
education level a broad-based change in educational objectives, structure and system,
curriculum have been proposed which is under public scrutiny.
Regional difference in development is a common phenomenon in the developed as
well as developing countries because development never progresses at the same pace
in all the regions of a country (Planning Commission, 2008). However, the vision of
balanced regional growth must be addressed by the government of our country as it is
a constitutional obligation. Article 19(2) of the constitution of the Peoples’ Republic of
Bangladesh states that “the state shall adopt effective measures to remove social and
economic inequality between man and woman and ensure the equitable distribution of
wealth among citizens, and of opportunities in order to attain a uniform level of
economic development throughout the republic.” In spite of the constitutional
obligations, regional variations have been taking place in terms of development of the
country since the independence in 1971. Development plans and programs of the
country were not adopted in the past with regional approach for ensuring balanced
development in the country. As a result, variations in socio-economic development
among regions are quite alarming for the country.
Development:
Development means all activities related to research, pre-clinical and other non-clinical
testing, test method development and stability testing, toxicology, formulation, process
development, manufacturing scale-up, qualification and validation, quality
assurance/quality control, clinical studies, statistical analysis and report writing, the
preparation and submission of Drug Approval Applications, regulatory affairs with

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respect to the foregoing and all other activities necessary or reasonably useful or
otherwise requested or required by a Regulatory Authority as a condition or in support
of obtaining or maintaining a Regulatory Approval. When used as a verb, “Develop”
means to engage in Development.
Educational institution:
Educational institution means a building in which an organized course of study or
training is offered to students enrolled in kindergarten through grade 12 and served by
local school districts, accredited or approved nonpublic schools, area educational
agencies, community colleges, institutions of higher education under the control of the
state board of regents, and accredited independent colleges and universities.
Development & Institution:
Institutional development is also a complex matter. It is embedded in a country's history
and culture and involves the linkages between formal and informal rules of behavior.
However, experience-based knowledge about how to successfully support processes
of institutional change is still limited.
Institutions are Rules:
Institutions are defined in the context of this report as formal and informal rules for
social interaction. They prescribe the behavior of actors in recurrent situations of
interaction with other actors. Institutions are to be distinguished from organizations’,
which are actors. Institutions can be regarded asthe ‘rules of the game’ whereas
organizations and individuals may be regarded as the ‘players of the game’. Formal
rules are codify in written form, for example laws, regulations, statutes etc. Informal
rules are often implicit but may still be respected and adhered to, for example working
routines, social codes of conduct, customs etc. There are different types of rules for
different kinds of activities, for instance economic, political, administrative, judicial and
socio-cultural rules. Rules are not effective unless they are accepted, observed and
maintained by the people and organizations concerned – hence what matters is that
rules are actually applied in practice. Institutions/rules are to be found at all levels of
society: they can be international or national, refer to a sector or an organization – and
they can be found at group level. They are usually structured hierarchically: rules at
higher levels regulate rules at lower levels. Institutions are also related to each other
in such a way that one rule takes over where other rules cease to apply. In other words
institutions/rules complement one another – and this applies to both formal and
informal rules. The relationship between rules and actors is dual. First and foremost,
institutions – the rules of the game – establish the framework within which actors
(organizations and individuals) interact with one another. Institutions thereby contribute
to shaping incentive and reward systems for the behavior of individuals and
organizations, and thereby determine many of the outcomes in society. On the other
hand, the rules of the game are not determined once and for all but are changed by
the actors all the time – they are created, adapted and developed by individuals and
organizations.
Goals and Objectives:
Total 30 goals and objectives in Education Policy (2010) in which emphasis are given
on:

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• Develop norms, values and moral among students • Nourish students as creative and
productive • Promote technical and vocational education • Similar curriculum for all
students in different streams • Equity regarding gender, religion and ethnicity • Ensure
education for special children, street children and under privileged children •
Awareness building on environmental issues • Extended use of ICT in education. •
Organizing and providing education • Situation analysis of education • providing
necessary facilities (human and physical) for education • Modernization of curriculum
• Ensure effective management • Develop teaching learning • Ensure student learning
and wellbeing.
Focuses of our institution:
• Secondary education from grade 9 to grade 12
• Six compulsory subjects for all students of all streams i.e.
General, madrasah and technical education stream
• Special emphasis on science education
• Ensure laboratory and library facilities in all secondary Schools
• Teacher: student ratio would be 1:30 by 2018
• Improvement of the quality of teachers.
Administrative and Managerial issues:
• Setting achievable goals and objectives • Connecting policy and practices •
Centralization of power • considering context • Effective and strategic use of resources
(human and material) • Building relationships. Human Resources, Curriculum,
Communication, Resources and Finance, Discipline, Record Keeping, Guidance,
Careful selection of subjects, Appropriately Timed, Teaching styles, Student
assessment, Teacher placement, Classroom Management, Relevant to Student
Needs.
Identify five areas of your school administration those are focused with the
National Education Policy-2010
Five areas of our school administration those are focused with the National Education
Policy-2010:
1. Gender Equity
2. Awareness building on environmental issues
3. Nurtures the students as the wealth of Nations.
4. Ensuring the Teacher’s Students Ratio 1:30.
5. Ensuring the Library, Laboratory & Computer Lab Facilities.
Focus on:
1. To help develop learners' talent intellect and comprehensive inner faculties;
2. To develop a learner with competencies so that s/he can compete in the job
market, especially in the economic sector of the country;
3. To impart quality education at this primary level to extend and consolidate the
knowledge acquired during primary education to help the students acquire a
strong foundation of quality higher education;

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4. To make efforts to mitigate discriminations among various secondary
educational institutions and among various socio-economic, ethnic and socially
backward groups; special steps will be taken to support advancement of
education in the backward regions as long as necessary;
5. To design, continue and implement a uniform curriculum and syllabus for the
selected subjects, irrespective of streams.
Discuss how those administrative rules impacts on school practices and
student learning
All the students learns with pleasure according to the Gender Equity.
All kinds of Record is keeping soft copy & hard copy accordingly.
Teacher-student ratio have to be progressively raised in phases to 1:30 by 2018.
Adequate number of subject-wise teachers for different streams will has selected every
year by the proposed Non-Government Teachers’ Selection Commission following
appropriate process of written and oral examination.
Training arranges for all the teachers of all subjects. Teachers’ yet untrained need to
undergo training immediately. Newly-appointed teachers will undergo primary training
before they join their work.
Setting of school expectations, setting school goals, Building sound relationship with
the education authorities, Monitoring school information, Directing school activities,
Management of financial resources, Maintenance of the school facilities, Formulation
of schedules and procedures for maintenance, Administration of support services,
Formulating policies, procedure rules and regulations. Ensure stakeholders’ support
Creating and monitoring. Contracts Staff Management. Establishing a conducive
atmosphere for learning Using team, committees and task forces.
Mention the challenges in implementing the administrative rules in your school
and the ways you overcome the challenges.
1. Unwanted Programs requirement from Social, Politics & SMC. Which is
creating problem in the educational environment.
2. Local village Politics & disturbance’s
3. Disturbances of Bad boy’s.
4. Irregularity & abuse the time of Student & Teacher.
5. Lack of Necessary Trainings opportunity.
6. Insufficient Awareness increasing social & Educational training Programme.
Overcome the Challenges:
1. Avoiding or cancelled the unwanted requirement programme from social,
politics & SMC with the valuable seating & meeting.
2. We have succeed to stop the Local village politics & disturbances with discus
& actions belonging Local member & leader.
3. Complains & action after informing the bad boys guardian to stop their
disturbances.
4. Increasing awareness of Discipline & Punctuality with rules of punishment.
Decreasing the irregularity & abuse the time of student & Teacher’s.

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5. Arranging the necessary training opportunity for the student-teacher’s better
understanding.
6. Arrange & manage the sufficient awareness increasing social & educational
training programme.
Primary and Secondary Enrolment Rate:
At the national level the school enrolment rate in the age group 6-10 years was
80.42%. It was 79.47% in the rural area and 83.98% in the urban area (HIES, 2005).
The school enrolment rate in the age group 11-15 years was lower than in the age
group 6-10 years. It was 69.97% at the national level and 69.75% in the rural area and
70.72% in the urban area.
National Sustainable Development Strategy Bangladesh:
National Sustainable Development Strategy Bangladesh Vision of the NSDS of Bangladesh is
to ensure sustained economic growth, environmental protection and social justice Sustained
Economic Growth: strategies to ensure economic sustained growth and support accelerated
growth along with environmental and social sustainability Agriculture and Rural Development:
exploit agricultural for ensuring economic emancipation with special focus on rural

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development and food security for the growing populace without disturbing and degrading
environmental and ecological sustainability Social Security/Protection: ensure the rights of
the citizens, quality health and sanitation services, minimum shelters for all including access
to services and utilities, quality education, creating social safety net, gender equity and
empowerment of women, child rights and special services for children, aged and people needs
special assistance Environment and Natural Resource Management: ensure environmental
protection for humans, ecosystems and resources which implies to promote the conservation,
augmentation and efficient utilization of the natural resources Strategic Priority Areas Good
Governance: Highlights overall strategy to support and facilitate implementation of strategies
suggested under each strategic priority area; Human Resource Development and
Management: improvement of quality of human resources and better management to ensure
implementation of different strategies and also support growth of remittance; and Gender:
highlights differ.

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FUTURE DIRECTIONS:
Institutional Capacity Development:
In the area of institutional development, the government is setting up new
institutions that will help realize the new vision of the government in the coming years. For
example, it is in the process of establishing the Sustainable and Renewable Energy
Development Authority (SREDA) as the national modal authority for coordinating all national
efforts in taking forward its sustainable energy agenda for energy efficiency and conservation
and renewable energy promotion in the country.
Good Governance:
Good Governance in respect of the functioning of the Anti-Corruption Commission, Public
Administration, Police and the financial sector. The aim of these reforms is to further enable
these institutions to perform their responsibilities more purposefully and efficiently. The tasks
involved are challenging, but the government is committing to fulfilling them.
Strengthening Democracy:
In relating to governance, challenges include the issue of national government at the time of
parliamentary elections, the role of the election commission, and the nature and effectiveness
of local governance. Resolution of these challenges, particularly the first one, will lead to
positive outcomes for both democracy and development in the country. Efforts are continuing
to make the local government effective through peoples’ participation, capacity building for
local level planning and implementation of projects, and improvement of service delivery to
the local level in the areas of health, education, etc.
ICT for the People and the Role of Media:
Introduction of cell phone and its widespread expansion into rural areas has changed the lives
of the poor people by opening the door to instant communication, information gathering and
doing away with isolation. The middlemen have been eliminated. The farmer can now directly
get first hand information on market prices from miles away . Cell phone banking is also now
available. Modernization of Bangladesh through ICT will continue in all sectors.
Status of growth:
The economic growth rate experienced set back due to disasters like the mega cyclones Sidr
and Aila in 2007 and 2009 as a result of the effects of global climate change. The combined
effect of the two cyclones drove the GDP down by more than 1%.. The GDP growth is
attributed to growth in agriculture, industries and service sectors and accumulation of capital
and increase in effective labour (total factor productivity-TFP growth). The future challenge is
to sustain the increasing trend in growth in the face of domestic and external shocks. The
challenge will be maintain the lower trend. throughout the country, based on opportunities
in various areas.
Industrialization:
In the context of environmental sustainability, the industrial sector has a major role to play,
Especially through efficient effluent treatment. Though this is mandatory by law, compliance
remains largely disregarded. Untreated chemical wastes, which often contain heavy metals,
are discharged into rivers, canals, wetlands and even agricultural lands, severely degrading
them and causing health risks to people. This remains a challenge which the government
intends to address seriously.
Rural Infrastructure:

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Experience shows that good infrastructural development is not, often, followed-up by proper
maintenance. Increased growth of traffic requires further improvement and regular
maintenance of the roads and highways and rural arteries. It is necessary that adequate
allocations are provided in the Annual Development Programme (ADP) for the purpose of the
maintenance work, which should be completed before the onset of the monsoon in the year
it is done.
Social:
Social transformation is a continuous process. The positive trends seen in Bangladesh over
the last 20 years is expected to continue in future. As more and more women join the
workforce there will be more social recognition of their contribution to national development.
The current and future plans of the government including the Sixth Five Year Plan (2011-2016)
and Annual Development Programme put emphasis on women development. The
government is committed to improving the living conditions of the ethnic and other minorities
and ensuring their rights. Their problems can be addressed through identification of most
vulnerable locations, creation of alternative livelihoods there and strengthening the social
safety net.
Health, Population and Development:
The current population of Bangladesh exceeds 150 million, with almost 50% of them below
the age of 35 years constituting a large young work force. Importantly, Bangladesh has been
able to keep the population growth rate in check with targeted interventions in the population
and health sector.The population growth rate is as noted earlier, down to 1.32% per annum,
but the large and growing population remains a major concern. Bangladesh therefore needs
to continue meeting the challenges of improving the environment that encourages further
reduction in population growth, which will necessarily focus on those segments of population
which still records higher growth rates. There is a slow progress in improving nutrition.
Malnutrition affects two-fifths of children. Health experts around the world warn that with
rise in temperature, due to global warming, the vector- borne diseases will increase.
Therefore, climate change poses a big health risk for the population. More emphasis on
research and research- based adaptation programming and action should be in place.
Educational Development:
Future challenges remain in relation to increasing the quality of education; proper training of
teachers at the primary, secondary and higher secondary levels; making school environment
attractive; and raising completion rates. The number of schools, colleges and universities is
also inadequate to meet the demand of the growing number of students. However, the
increasing rural demand for educational facilities calls for serious attention to be given to
expand educational opportunities in rural areas.
Gender Development:
The government has put full emphasis on the inclusion of women in all spheres of social life
as a strategy for raising women’s status, accelerating growth and ensuring the long term
sustainability of the country’s development. The recently adopted Women Development
Policy 2011 is a forward looking step in this respect and, if implemented properly, will
contribute to effective nation-building with improved social status and increased participation
of women.

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Forests and Biodiversity:
Laws have been enacted by Bangladesh to protect the biodiversity and penalties made
heavier. Enforcing the law is difficult in the absence of necessary manpower and institutional
capacity. The government has recently (January 2012) declared 3 zones of major canals in the
Sundarbans as dolphin sanctuaries. These safe havens for the endangered species cover a
total area of 32 kms. Under the law, fishing in these 3 areas is prohibited. But fishing and cargo
trawlers are regularly plying through them discharging wastes and oil which are polluting the
sanctuaries. Community involvement needs to be ensured in such activities, and the
government has been promoting community participation through various initiatives
including awareness raising and co-management arrangements.
Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture:
Agricultural growth needs to pick up further from its present rate of around 3.5% or so simply
to keep feeding an increasing population. But as agricultural land is declining by close to 1 %
a year, owing to shifting of agricultural land to other uses and climate change-induced
increased salinity ingress and river erosion, the challenges the sector faces in reality can curb
its performance. Moreover, the production of rice is characterized by sharp fluctuations
between years as well as within the year due to various natural hazards such as floods,
cyclones, drought and salinity ingress. Addressing these challenges will require new thinking
on how domestic food security goals can be met while sustaining an increasingly fragile
environment and a large population dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods.
Management:
Management includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and
controlling an organization to accomplish the goal or target. With all kinds of related,
Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human
resources, financial resources, technological resources and natural resources.
Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of
an individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire
organizations. Internet has made easy to learn & teach with e-Text (to provide a
standard text material to supplement studies), eTutorial (which will comprise of a
video to facilitate better understanding of the text), Learn More (which will have
useful weblinks, References, Bibliography, suggested further readings, etc to provide
further help), Self-assessment questions (to enable monitoring the progress of the
learners), and a transcription of the video which will be in sync with it for ruling out
any confusion occurred during the video presentation).

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We may express the influencing elements for a student with the above circle. A learner
take the first lesson from his mother. Mother is the earliest teacher for a learner. Family
is the first & ancient educational institution for any learner.
Conclusion:
There is a proverb, “Education is the backbone of a nation”. It will be rational to say
that Administration & Management is the backbone of the quality education for the any
nation across the universe. Educational administration is a process that includes the
combined operation through which a country is maintained in good working conditions.
It is a process of utilizing appropriate material in such a way as to promote effectively
the development of human qualities. It includes all those techniques and procedures
employed in operating the educational organization in accordance with established
policies. Here the totality of resources are made available and made effective for
accomplishing the purpose of an enterprise. Educational administration includes
functions like planning, organizing, financing, directing, supervising, inspecting and
evaluation. It is also concerned with elements like setting up of goals of education,
review, feedback and innovation. Management in businesses and organizations is the
function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives by
using available resources efficiently and effectively. After all they are keeping effort to
make a successful educational environment.
Student
Teacher
Society
School
Internet
FamilyFriends
Religion
Culture
Nature

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Reference’s:
Lectures’ & handout.
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1066070
http://www.bip.org.bd/SharingFiles/journal_book/20130722133201.pdf
https://bea-bd.org/site/images/pdf/044.pdf
http://www.asialeds.org/sites/default/files/resource/file/NSDS-BG-
Draft%20NSDS%20Bangladesh.pdf
The End