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Architecture & Kerala
- 1. Anthropometry Materials (present and traditional) Cost of materials(as on may 2013) Climatic conditions Architecture (present and traditional)
- 2. Anthropometry Avg. height of man=1700mm,5’8’’ Height of chair=450mm,1’6’’ ‘’ study table=750mm,2’5’’ ‘’ switchboard=1500mm,4’11’’ ‘’ kitchen counter=800mm,2’8’’ ‘’ shower =2000mm,6’5’’ Size of dining table:-4 sitting=28’’, 44’’ ‘’ 6 sitting=34’’,60’’ ‘’ 8 sitting=34’’,72’’ ‘’ (circular) 4//6//8 sitting=32’’//46’’//56’’ ‘’ (square) 4//6//8 sitting=32’’//44’’//48’’ Height of toilet seat=350mm,1’2’’ ‘’ wash basin=1000mm,3’4’’
- 3. Materials – Present Tiles Cement Brick Paint Wood Sheets Marble Granite Steel Aluminium Plaster of Paris Random rubble Putty M Sand
- 4. Ceramic tiles_ 80 micron thickness Rectified tiles_ mix of marble &granite powder, glossy coating, easily scratched Vitrified tiles_strongest tile ,not porous ,same texture throughout Hardwood tiles_have polyurethane coating, wears out easily. Tiles Types of tiles.
- 5. Ordinary_general Modified_moderate High-early strength_higher strength construction like footpaths sulphate resistance and heat of hydration, used in drainage systems, sea walls soon after pouring, used in cold weather construction Low heat_low heat of hydration, used in massive structures like dams Sulphate resistantfoundation in high sulphate soils Cement 3CaO.SiO2.1/2H20 Types of cement
- 6. Portland cement Constitution % Lime-62 Silica-22 Alumina-5 Iron Oxide-3 Magnesia-2 Sulphur-1
- 7. Burnt_country made & wire cut Cement Hollow cement Constitution(%) 60 40 20 0 Brick Types of Brick Constitution(%) Constitution( %)
- 8. Interior emulsions Distemper Exterior emulsions Texture paint Enamel paint Paints Types of paints Wood finish Primer
- 10. GI sheets PVC sheets Poly carbonate Aluminium sheets Sheets Types of sheets
- 11. Italian marble Jaisalmer marble Marble Types of marble
- 13. Mild steel Medium carbon steel High speed steel Stainless steel Steel Types of steel
- 14. Materials - Traditional Stone Lime Clay Timbre Wood Mosaic Marble Granite Cow dung Bamboo
- 15. Cost of materials (Rs.) i. ii. iii. iv. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Tiles_ Ceramic – 20-40/sqft Rectified – 35-45/sqft Semi Vitrified – 65-100/sqft Vitrified – 90-150/sqft Paint_ Interior emulsion – 2.9-4.2/sqft Exterior emulsion – 5.6/sqft Texture – 4/sqft Distemper – 2.6/sqft Wood finish – 4.5/sqft Enamel – 1.4/sqft i. ii. iii. iv. i. ii. i. ii. Wood_ Teak – 2600-3500/cft Hardwood – 1500-2000/cft Moulded – 2500/cft Syntex – 1500/cft Sheets_ Poly carbonate - 45-50/sqft GI Marble_ Italian – 250-1500/sqft Indian – 45-120/sqft
- 16. Cost of materials (Rs.) i. i. i. i. i. i. i. Random rubble_ 3500/unit M Sand_ 4600/unit Sand_ 15000/unit Soil_ 1500/unit Metal_ 2300/unit Vinyl_ 200/sqft Wallpaper_ 8-260/sqft i. i. ii. i. i. Brick_ 6/pc Granite_ Black – 200/sqft Colored – 130/sqft Cement_ 350/bag(50Kg) Steel_ 45/Kg
- 17. Climatic conditions Temperature – 20C-34C Annual Rainfall – 3107 mm Angle of Rain – 40* Monsoon – June-Aug->SW//Sept-Dec->NE Warm humid climate, thermal discomfort, high precipitation
- 18. Traditional Architecture i. ii. iii. iv. v. Traditionally Kerala has its architectural roots from Buddhism which once prevailed in the area. Temple architecture was incorporated into domestic and public buildings. The main features are_ Base model is normally square ,rectangular ,circular plain shapes with ribbed roof evolved from functional consideration. Long ,steep sloping roof which make the building look low rise. Gable windows were used which provided for air circulation and thermal control. Detached buildings Passive method of climate control
- 19. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. Plinth height is usually 450mm. Extension of roof after base is 750 to 900 acting as a rain shade Sothern wall in thekkinipura and western wall of vadakkinipura are 24cms thicker than other walls. Rooms_ North-Treasury NE-Prayer room East-Bathroom SE-Kitchen South-Bedroom SW-Armory NW-Cowshed West-Drawing room Plinth - stone Wall - Laterite Mortar – Lime ,Surkhy Structural material-Bamboo ,teak Walling - Clay, Lime Roof - Timbre, clay tiles
- 20. Nalukettu…. 4 Blocks – vadakkini, padinjattini, kizhakkini, thekkini Padippura - Entry into compound Poomukham - Portico Chuttu Verandah – Verandah to either side of house from Poomukham Charupady-benches on the Chuttu verandah Aambal Kulam-Pond Nadumuttam-Central open courtyard Puja-NE corner Mural Paintings Chithra Thoonu
- 21. Architecture today In the present times Kerala has opened itself for experiments in architecture sometimes mixing traditional architecture with contemporary architecture or using only contemporary architecture. But still a lot of its citizens prefer traditional architecture to the modern one.Nalukettus are a growing tradition among the keralites even in the cities.