breeding for drought tolerance in rice

1. Drought-tolerant and aerobic rice
Making rice less thirsty: progress at IRRI
germplasm options for lowland
rice environments in Southeast Asia
Planning meeting
Improving the livelihoods and overcoming
poverty in the drought-prone lowlands in South Asia
21 April, 2011
M. Swamy
B.P. Mallikarjuna Swamy
April 19, 2011

2. “Drought” may mean physical water scarcity
• constrains growth or development process
• affects the normal crop management practices
Is there any CURE for my problem?

3. Objectives
• Appraisal of the status of research and development
activities
in the drought-prone lowlands of selected countries of South
east Asia
•Identify areas for research and development in drought areas
• Out scaling, up scaling of the technologies
• Identify possible linkages

4. Rice facts of South East
Asia
CURE: A Dream platform for those “Left Behind” by the green Revolution

5. Grain yield of popular rice varieties
under severe drought stress
Donor Yield Yield
Yield of cultivar (kg ha-1)
Stress Non-stress
7000
6000
5000
kg ha-1 4000
3000
MTU1001 312 5825
2000
Madhuri line 9 312 4957 1000
Nidhi 356 4963 0
Severe Control
Moderate
IR64 278 4685
stress level
Mahamaya 318 4344
Mahamaya
Swarna 312 5822 Sambha Mahsuri

6. Genetic management options
Without seeds nothing is possible and without
plant breeding, no new seeds will come forth
- Gelia T, Castillo
Wealth of germplasm and science based
proven technologies provide hope for the
future of farmers in rain fed drought prone
areas of South Asia

7. Drought at which stage?
• Drought can appear at any
stage of the rice crop- seedling,
vegetative, reproductive;
• One at reproductive stage is
highly damaging, highly
prevalent
57 64 69 73 78 85 90 95 Control
Lafitte, unpublished
O’Toole 1982

8. What it takes to develop a drought tolerant
variety?
• High yield under normal situation
• Tolerance to drought at reproductive stage
• Tolerance to drought at seedling and vegetative stage
• Tolerant to blast, brown spot, bacterial leaf blight
• Ability to withstand delayed transplanting conditions
• Ability to yield well under low-moderate fertilizer
management
• Ability to be grown under direct seeded situation in case of
unavailability of water for transplanting
• Good grain quality/quality maintenance under drought
• High framers’ preference
• National system support
• Efficient dissemination support

9. What new now that can make difference?
Earlier At present
Secondary trait based Selection for grain yield itself
selection Combine yield potential with drought
tolerance
Traditional donors Improved donors with good combining
ability
Variable phenotyping Standardized phenotyping
65-85% yield reduction
Secondary traits QTLs Yield QTLs
Advanced tools for MB not in Advanced MB tools available
hand
Advance generations testing Early generations testing under drought
under drought
Less drought occurrence-less Water scarcity realized- efforts enhanced
sincere efforts
Less Funding, commitment Increased funding and commitment

10. Drought Research at IRRI: Strategy
Conventional approaches
• Use improved pre-breeding lines as
donors
• Direct selection for grain yield
• Combine high yield potential with good
yield under drought
• Confirm performance in multi location
testing in target environment-Drought
breeding network
Molecular approaches
• Use traditional/wild donors in mapping populations
• Identify major drought yield QTLs
• Introgress QTLs in improved drought susceptible varieties
• Physiological and molecular mechanism of QTLs drought tolerance
aim is to produce more crop per drop of water

11. Conventional breeding
• Use of improved drought
tolerant pre-breeding
lines, direct selection for
grain yield under
drought in early
generations have
Rewa, India
resulted in development
of breeding lines with
0.8-1.2 t ha -1 yield
advantage under
drought while
successfully maintaining
the high yield under
normal situation
Ranchi, India

12. DROUGHT BREEDING NETWORK
IRRI
BMGF BMZ JAPAN BREEDING
BANGLADESH NEPAL INDIA TANZANIA MOZAMBIQUE LAOS PHILIPPINES AfricaRice
R G R N B N C T U C I D I R P
B R N G A I C H
R F D R i
A A R U A U A A A S A C l
R R R U R M R R
J Z S A U R U S I i
F C C c
T S e
Joint managed-stress screening
(300-400 lines - OYT > AYT)
Replicated MET under
managed stress and full irrigation
National testing
On farm
testing
Targeted Dissemination

13. Some initial success
• During 2009-11, 6 varieties: Sahbhagi
dhan-IR74371-70-1-1 in India,
Tarharra 1 -IR 80411-B-49-1, Sukha
dhan 1- IR74371-46-1-1, Sukha dhan
2- IR74371-54-1-1, Sukha dhan 3-
IR74371-70-1-1 in Nepal and Sahod
Ulan 1 - IR74371-54-1-1 in Philippines
released.
• Release of IR74371-70-1-1 in
Bangladesh under process.
• These provide 0.8-1.2 t ha -1 yield
advantage under moderate to severe Sahbhagi dhan in India
drought while maintaining high yield
under normal rainfall situation.
Tarharra 1 in Nepal Sahod Ulan 1 in Philippines

14. Lowland drought: promising
lines
DESIGNATION PARENTAGE GYNS GYS % IMP
IR 84859-B-94-2-3 IR 70181-3-PMI 1--/IR 72667-16-1-B-B-3 6308 2233 93
IR 83894-B-B-46-4 IR 70213-10-CPA 4-2-2-2/IRRI 122 6175 2213 92
IR 84878-B-60-4-1 IR 71700-247-1-1/IRRI 123 6137 2419 109
IR 84850-B-27-1-1 IR 70181-32-PMI 1-/IR 71700-247-1-1 6091 2364 105
IR 84850-B-27-1-2 IR 70181-32-PMI 1-/IR 71700-247-1-1 6075 2299 99
IR 83383-B-B-129-4 IR 72022-46-2-/IR 57514-PMI 5 5761 2167 88
IR 83383-B-B-141-1 IR 72022-46-2-/IR 57514-PMI 5 5689 2417 109
SWARNA VASISTHA/MAHSURI 6179 672 -42
SAMBHA MAHSURI SAMBHA MAHSURI 5581 272 -76
PSBRc 80 IR 50401-77-2-1-3/IR 42068-22-3-3-1-3 4669 1155
SED 540 298

15. New promising lines for lowland
DESIGNATION PARENTAGE Project
IR 83388-B-B-108-3 IR 72022-46-2-3-3-2/SWARNA DBN
IR 83381-B-B-137-1 IR 72022-46-2-3-3-2/IR 77080-B-34-1-1 DBN
IR 83377-B-B-48-3 IR 71700-247-1-1-2/SAMBHA MAHSURI DBN
IR 83383-B-B-129-3 IR 72022-46-2-3-3-2/IR 57514-PMI 5-B-1-2 DBN
IR 83383-B-B-141-2 IR 72022-46-2-3-3-2/IR 57514-PMI 5-B-1-2 DBN
IR 83376-B-B-71-1 IR 71700-247-1-1-2/IR 77080-B-34-1-1 DBN
IR 80461-B-79-3 IR 77080-B-34-3/IR 00A103 DBN
IR 82870-48 IR 82851-16/IR 82855-9 DBN
IR 83383-B-B-129-4 IR 72022-46-2-3-3-2/IR 57514-PMI 5-B-1-2 DBN
IR 83388-B-B-8-3 IR 72022-46-2-3-3-2/SWARNA DBN
IR 80411-B-49-1 IR 70181-26-PMI 2-9-1-1/IRRI 105 DBN
IR 78875-207-B-3 IRRI 132/IR 64 DBN
IR 83873-B-B-47-4 IR 00A107/IR 72176-140-1-2-2-3 DBN
IR 83376-B-B-130-2 IR 71700-247-1-1-2/IR 77080-B-34-1-1 PVS
IR 83377-B-B-93-3 IR 71700-247-1-1-2/SAMBHA MAHSURI PVS
IR 82589-B-B-84-3 IRRI 132/IRRI 148 URSBN
IR 82635-B-B-143-1 IR 78875-176-B-2/IR 78875-207-B-3 URSBN
IR 82589-B-B-2-2 IRRI 132/IRRI 148 URSBN
IR 82635-B-B-75-2 IR 78875-176-B-2/IR 78875-207-B-3 URSBN
IR 82635-B-B-145-1 IR 78875-176-B-2/IR 78875-207-B-3 URSBN

16. Molecular breeding approach
Identification of major effect QTLs
Validation of major effect QTLs
Introgression of QTLs in popular
drought susceptible varieties

17. Major drought yield QTLs in background of
improved popular varieties
Genetic Additive
Background QTLs Ecosystem effect % mean
Vandna DTY12.1 Upland 47
IR64 DTY1.1 Lowland 32
IR64 DTY9.1 Lowland 27
IR64 DTY10.1 Lowland 22
IR64 DTY2.1 Lowland 13
IR64 DTY4.1 Lowland 14
Swarna DTY1.1 Lowland 25
Swarna DTY2.1 Lowland 19
Swarna DTY3.1 Lowland 25
Swarna DTY8.1 Lowland 16
MTU1010 DTY1.1 Lowland 17

18. Improved IR64 introgression lines
Line GS
QTLs GY Drought GY Control (%)
DS09 DS10 DS09 WS10
IR 87729-69-B-B-B DTY9.1, DTY2.1, DTY10.1,
DTY4.1 2006 2011 6936 4627 94.4
IR 87728-102-B-B DTY9.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 2440 1160 6059 5462 92.9
IR 87707-186-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 3200 2068 6289 6737 96.9
IR 87707-446-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 3624 2556 6005 6076 97.0
IR 87707-445-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 3639 2555 8006 5565 96.9
IR 87707-118-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 3264 2273 6096 4617 95.8
IR 87705-21-13-B DTY2.1 2223 4785 6231 95.8
IR 87705-6-8-B DTY4.1 2152 5399 5576 95.5
IR 87728-395-B-B DTY9.1 1122 5500 5457 93.4
IR 87705-36-3-B DTY10.1 2062 5052 7211 95.3
IR64 567 636 4151 5811
M. Swamy, IRRI

19. Quality traits of IR64 introgression
lines
LINES QTLs DTF PH AC GT MP CS
IR 87729-69-B-B-B DTY9.1, DTY2.1, DTY10.1,
DTY4.1 86 98 20.7 I 1 1
IR 87728-102-B-B DTY9.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 86 101 20.1 I 1 1
IR 87707-186-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY10.1,DTY4.1 82 107 21.6 I 2 1
IR 87707-446-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 81 106 22.2 I 1 1
IR 87707-445-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 83 111 22.3 I 1 1
IR 87707-118-B-B-B DTY2.1, DTY4.1 83 108 20.7 I 1 1
IR 87705-21-13-B DTY2.1 82 86 21 I 2 1
IR 87705-6-8-B DTY4.1 80 85 21 I/L 2 1
IR 87728-395-B-B DTY9.1 86 100 20.2 I 1 2
IR 87705-36-3-B DTY10.1 87 84 20.3 I 1 1
IR64 82 105 21.8 I/L 1 1
M. Swamy, IRRI

20. IR 64 introgression lines with DTY QTLs
+ QTL - QTL
IR64 IR64+DTY QTLs
Parents- 2007 Introgressions under drought- 2010
DTY IR 64
introgressed line
Similar to IR64 grain quality traits of Product - 2011
introgressed lines

21. Line 1 Line 2

22. + QTL IR64

23. DTY3.1, DTY2.1 in Swarna, Swarna sub1
Swarna lLs
(DTY +Sub1)
Swarna
M. Swamy, IRRI

24. DTY 3.1 from Apo/Swarna population
DTY3.1+ line DTY QTLs introgression in
improved background: back cross
population

25. DTY1.1, DTY3.1, DTY2.1 in Swarna, Swarna sub1
BC4F1 Swarna lines (three QTLs +Sub1)
* 2 in 1 rice for drought and submergence prone areas

26. Development of improved Vandana with DTY12.1
Grain yield (Kgha-1)
%
Lines Generation DTF PHT
USS UMS UNS BG
A
IR 84984-83-15-110-B BC2F2:4 299 1514 4855 54 124 92.4
IR 84984-83-15-481-B BC2F2:4 175 1300 4196 55 120 94.1
IR 84984-83-15-862-B BC2F2:4 238 1114 4018 58 121 94.1
Vandana 72 825 3556 54 120
Way Rarem 11 212 1610 81 122
B IR 90019:17-156-B BC3F2:3 522 1487 4712 61 106 98.3
IR 90019:17-159-B BC3F2:3 461 1930 5236 62 103 97.5
IR 90019:17-15-B BC3F2:3 565 2341 4534 65 107 98.3
IR 90020:22-265-B BC3F2:3 446 2090 4233 60 115 96.6
IR 90020:22-283-B BC3F2:3 415 1224 5950 58 100 94.9
Vandana 179 1049 4061 56 104
Way Rarem 0.1 500 2878 81 103
Dixit, Shalabh, IRRI

27. Differences in grain type of donor parent (Way Rarem), Recipient parent (Vandana), NIL (IR90019:17-
156-B) and pre NIL (IR90019:17-15-B)

28. Effect of DTY12.1 at pre flowering and reproductive stage under severe upland stress
and grain types of improved Vandana NILs
Vegetative stage Reproductive stage
-DTY12.1 +DTY12.1 -DTY12.1 +DTY12.1

29. Development of improved Way Rarem lines: Indonesia
 RM1367- RM3212 on Chr 2, RM327- RM475 on Chr 2 and and RM421-
RM334 on Chr 5
 3 QTLs introgressed in way Rarem
Grain yield (Kgha-1)
DESIGNATION USS UMS UMiS UNS DTF PHT
IR 84996-50-4-B 172 1091 1859 4987 78 142
IR 84996-50-5-B 196 1310 1645 4813 79 136
IR 84996-50-6-B 148 1187 2254 5381 80 133
IR 84996-50-8-B 142 1308 2381 5115 79 138
IR 84996-50-1-B 251 1428 2319 4957 81 137
Vandana 284 1535 4105 57 123
Way Rarem 58 601 1224 3271 81 130
Dixit, Shalabh, IRRI

30. New promising lines for upland
DESIGNATION DTF HT GY-NS BLAST
IR 82589-B-B-14-2 73 107 4,035 0
IR 82589-B-B-149-4 74 115 3,054 0
IR 82589-B-B-2-3 74 107 3,420 0
IR 82589-B-B-7-3 76 117 3,056 0
IR 82635-B-B-145-1 72 112 3,520 0
IR 82635-B-B-47-1 72 124 4,754 2
IR 82635-B-B-47-2 77 112 4,943 0
IR 82635-B-B-59-2 78 100 4,759 0
IR 82635-B-B-88-2 78 106 5,151 0
IR 82639-B-B-118-3 79 115 4,965 0
IR 82639-B-B-3-3 73 125 3,521
IR 83747-B-B-115-4 82 105 4,778 0
IR 83928-B-B-81-2 81 105 5,046 0
IR 82589-B-B-114-4 69 115 4,231 0
IR 82589-B-B-51-4 70 114 3,970 0
IR 82635-B-B-23-1 69 117 3,842
IR 82635-B-B-82-2 68 112 3,818
IR 83926-B-B-80-4 70 115 3,490 0
IR 83928-B-B-28-3 70 115 3,123 0
IR 83928-B-B-56-3 70 115 3,273 0
IR 83929-B-B-100-2 70 110 3,241 5

31. Promising lines for Laos: Glutinous/non-
glutinous
Designation Parentage Blast
IR 82051-99-4-3-1-1 THADOKKHAM 24/NIAW UBON 2 1
IR 82051-99-4-3-2-1 THADOKKHAM 24/NIAW UBON 2 1
IR 82051-99-4-3-2-2 THADOKKHAM 24/NIAW UBON 2 1
IR 82051-99-4-3-2-3 THADOKKHAM 24/NIAW UBON 2 1
IR 82051-99-4-3-2-4 THADOKKHAM 24/NIAW UBON 2 1
IR 82051-99-4-3-2-5 THADOKKHAM 24/NIAW UBON 2 1
IR 82055-39-1-2-1-1 THADOKKHAM 130/NIAW UBON 2 1
IR 82055-39-1-2-4-1 THADOKKHAM 130/NIAW UBON 2 1
IR 82045-15-1-3-1-1 NIAW UBON 2/THADOKKHAM 8 1
IR 82045-15-1-3-1-2 NIAW UBON 2/THADOKKHAM 8 1
IR 82045-15-1-3-1-3 NIAW UBON 2/THADOKKHAM 8 1
IR 82045-15-1-3-1-4 NIAW UBON 2/THADOKKHAM 8 1

32. Summary
• Eight drought tolerant released varieties
• Drought tolerant improved lines in the background of
IR64, Vandana, WayRarem and TDK24
• Many improved and drought tolerant breeding lines
• Well characterized donors for drought, blast,blb and GQ
• Improved drought tolerant donors
• Development of drought tolerant Swarna and SM
•Combining drought and submergence in Swarna (2 in1)

33. Final path of the promising
lines
• Number of lines are tested, many found
promising, but very few are released for
cultivation by farmers
• Enough support is available for seed production
and dissemination
• We should put in place a clear path how do we
make sure that promising lines are released by
respective partners for farmers cultivation

34. Partners
Bangladesh Philippines – PhilRice
BRRI, Gazipur Laos – NAFRI
RRS, Rajshahi Mozambique-IIAM, Chokwe
Tanzania –DASRC, Morogoro
India
Malaysia – UKM and MARDI
AAU, Anand RDA, Korea
BAU, Ranchi
BF, Hyderabad
CRRI, Cuttack
CRURRS, Hazaribag
DRR, Hyderabad
ICAR-NEH, Tripura Donors
IGAU, Raipur Rockefeller Foundation
JNKVV, Jabalpur Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
NDUAT, Faizabad
OUAT, Bhubaneshwar Generation Challenge program
TNAU, Coimbatore Asian Development Bank
UAS, Bangalore
Devgen
Nepal RDA, Korea
BMZ, Germany
NRRP, Hardinath
RARS, Nepalganj Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi
RARS, Tarharra MARDI, Malaysia