2. INTRODUCTION
Definition of fire prevention & control system:
– “Protection in the aspects of fire prevention,
control and extinguishment for a certain area
based on the availability of risks in that areaquot;
(JPBM:1997)
2
3. FIRE PREVENTION &
FIRE PREVENTION &
CONTROL SYSTEM
CONTROL SYSTEM
PASSIVE ACTIVE
PASSIVE ACTIVE
•• Design of buildings •• Portable extinguishers
Design of buildings Portable extinguishers
•• Structure •• Alarm detection
Structure Alarm detection
•• Fabric •• Hose reels
Fabric Hose reels
•• Components & their •• Automatic extinguishers
Components & their Automatic extinguishers
installation •• Pressurised escape route
installation Pressurised escape route
•• Smoke extraction &
Smoke extraction &
ventilation
ventilation
(Building services area)
3
4. PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUSHERS
Bucket of water and sands –
inadequate
Colour coded cylinders containing
compressed liquids and gasses
appropriate to various sources of
fire
Standard fire fighting equipment in
–
all commercial & public buildings
4
9. ALARM DETECTION
Alarm
Alarm
bell
bell
Break-glass
Break-glass
call button
call button
1.5 m above
floor level 9
Fire alarm circuit
10. Automatic Fire Detectors
Objectives of automatic fire detectors
To indicate location of the outbreak of fire
–
To operate alarm bells, and
–
To communicate with the local authority
–
Various types of operating characteristics:
A bimetallic strip
–
An ionisation chamber
–
Light scattering devices
–
A laser beam
–
10
21. Sprinkler bulb colour & rupturing temperature
Sprinkler bulb colour & rupturing temperature
21
22. (staggered)
Spacing and area allocation of sprinklers according to hazard group
Spacing and area allocation of sprinklers according to hazard group
22
23. Types of sprinkler systems
Wet
–
Dry
–
Alternate wet & dry
–
Tail end
–
Pre-action
–
Recycling
–
23
27. Alternate wet & dry sprinkler system
Alternate systems can have the pipes full of water for
–
the summer and be drained down and filled with air
(under pressure) for the winter
This is important for buildings that are not heated.
–
27
28. Tail end sprinkler system
This is a variation on the wet system and the alternate
–
wet and dry system
It is appropriate where only part of a building is subject
–
to frost of extremely high ambient temperature
28
30. Recycling sprinkler system
This a development of the pre-action system
–
The system is used where it is considered appropriate to
–
limit damage from water after a fire has been
extinguished, or when a sprinkler is accidentally
fractured
30
42. PRESSURISED ESCAPE
ROUTES
Objective
To create greater
–
air pressure in
escape routes
than the
remainder of
rooms in
buildings
42
43. SMOKE EXTRACTION &
VENTILATION
Objective
To aid fire control by eliminating smoke, heat, toxic
–
and inflammable gases from the source of a fire
To retain visibility for escapers, and
–
To provide clear access for fire fighters
–
43
45. Number & size of vents
Roof vent, ventilator factor
Roof vent, ventilator factor
45
46. Example
From table, vent factor is 0.37 m
Vent area = 50 m x 0.37 m = 18.5 m2
or
18.5
= 0.0093
2000
Or approximately 1% of
the floor area
Fire vent area
Fire vent area
calculation
calculation 46
47. SHOP EXTRACT AND SMOKE
CONTROL
Two methods of smoke control in shopping
centres
Direct extraction from individual shop units (shop
1.
extract)
A common extract system (mall extract)
2.
47
53. REFERENCES
Hall, F. & Greeno, R. (2005). Building
Services Handbook. London: Elsvier
Greeno, R. (1997). Building Services,
Technology and Design. Essex: Longman
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