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[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Transaction Concept ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of Fund Transfer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of Fund Transfer (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of Fund Transfer (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ACID Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A transaction is a unit of program execution that accesses and possibly updates various data items.To preserve the integrity of data the database system must ensure:
Transaction State ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Transaction State (Cont.)
Implementation of Atomicity and Durability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implementation of Atomicity and Durability (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Concurrent Executions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Schedules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Schedule 1 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Schedule 2 ,[object Object]
Schedule 3 ,[object Object],In Schedules 1, 2 and 3, the sum A + B is preserved.
Schedule 4 ,[object Object]
Serializability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conflicting Instructions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conflict Serializability ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conflict Serializability (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],Schedule 3 Schedule 6
Conflict Serializability (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]
View Serializability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
View Serializability (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Notions of Serializability ,[object Object],[object Object]
Recoverable Schedules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Need to address the effect of transaction failures on concurrently running transactions.
Cascading Rollbacks ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cascadeless Schedules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Concurrency Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Concurrency Control vs. Serializability Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak Levels of Consistency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Levels of Consistency in SQL-92 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Transaction Definition in SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implementation of Isolation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 15.6
Testing for Serializability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],x y
Example Schedule (Schedule A) + Precedence Graph ,[object Object],[object Object],T 5 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2
Test for Conflict Serializability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Test for View Serializability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lock-Based Protocols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lock-Based Protocols (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lock-Based Protocols (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pitfalls of Lock-Based Protocols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pitfalls of Lock-Based Protocols (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Two-Phase Locking Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Two-Phase Locking Protocol (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Two-Phase Locking Protocol (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lock Conversions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Automatic Acquisition of Locks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Automatic Acquisition of Locks (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implementation of Locking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lock Table ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Granted Waiting
Graph-Based Protocols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tree Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Timestamp-Based Protocols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Timestamp-Based Protocols (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Timestamp-Based Protocols (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example Use of the Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 read( Y ) read( X ) read( Y ) write( Y ) write( Z ) read( Z ) read( X ) abort read( X ) write( Z ) abort write( Y ) write( Z )
Correctness of Timestamp-Ordering Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],transaction with smaller timestamp transaction with larger timestamp
Thomas’ Write Rule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Validation-Based Protocol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Validation-Based Protocol (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Validation Test for Transaction T j ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Schedule Produced by Validation ,[object Object],T 14 T 15 read ( B ) read ( B ) B : = B-50 read ( A ) A : = A+50 read ( A ) ( validate ) display ( A + B ) ( validate ) write ( B ) write ( A )
Multiple Granularity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of Granularity Hierarchy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intention Lock Modes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compatibility Matrix with Intention Lock Modes ,[object Object],IS IX S S IX X IS IX S S IX X                         
Multiple Granularity Locking Scheme ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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