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Websocket 1.0
1.
JSR 356: Building
HTML5 WebSocket Apps in Java Arun Gupta Java EE & GlassFish Guy blogs.oracle.com/arungupta, @arungupta 1 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
2.
The preceding is
intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. 2 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3.
Agenda
§ Primer on WebSocket § JSR 356: Java API for WebSocket 3 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
4.
Interactive Web Sites
§ HTTP is half-duplex § HTTP is verbose § Flavors of Server Push – Polling – Long Polling – Comet/Ajax § Complex, Inefficient, Wasteful 4 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
5.
WebSocket to the
Rescue § TCP based, bi-directional, full-duplex messaging § Originally proposed as part of HTML5 § IETF-defined Protocol: RFC 6455 – Handshake – Data Transfer § W3C defined JavaScript API – Candidate Recommendation 5 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
6.
What’s the basic
idea ? § Establish a connection (Single TCP connection) § Send messages in both direction (Bi-directional) § Send message independent of each other (Full Duplex) § End the connection 6 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
7.
What does it
add over TCP ? § Origin-based security model for browsers § Adds an addressing and protocol naming mechanism to support multiple services on one port § Layers a framing mechanism on top of TCP § Includes an additional in-band closing handshake 7 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
8.
Establish a connection
Handshake Request Client Server Handshake Response 8 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
9.
Handshake Request
GET /chat HTTP/1.1 Host: server.example.com Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ== Origin: http://example.com Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat, superchat Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13 " 9 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
10.
Handshake Response
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo= Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat " 10 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
11.
Establishing a Connection
Handshake Request Client Server Handshake Response Connected ! 11 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
12.
WebSocket Lifecycle
Connected ! open open message message message message Client error Server message close Disconnected 12 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
13.
WebSocket API
www.w3.org/TR/websockets/ 13 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
14.
Java WebSocket Implementations
Java-WebSocket Kaazing WebSocket Gateway Grizzly WebSocket SDK Apache Tomcat 7 Webbit GlassFish Atmosphere Autobahn websockets4j WeberKnecht GNU WebSocket4J Jetty Netty JBoss TorqueBox Caucho Resin SwaggerSocket jWebSocket jWamp 14 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
15.
Browser Support 15
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. http://caniuse.com/websockets
16.
JSR 356 Specification
§ Standard API for creating WebSocket Applications § Transparent Expert Group – jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=356 – java.net/projects/websocket-spec § Now: Early Draft Review § December: Public Draft Review § Will be in Java EE 7 – Under discussion: Client API in Java SE 16 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
17.
JSR 356: Reference
Implementation § Tyrus: java.net/projects/tyrus § Originated as WebSocket SDK – java.net/projects/websocket-sdk § Pluggable Protocol Provider – Default is Grizzly/GlassFish – Portable to WebLogic § Integrated in GlassFish 4 Builds 17 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
18.
JSR 356 Expert
Group Jean-Francois Arcand Individual Scott Ferguson Caucho Technology, Inc Joe Walnes DRW Holdings, LLC Minehiko IIDA Fujitsu Limited Wenbo Zhu Google Inc. Bill Wigger IBM Justin Lee Individual Danny Coward Oracle Rémy Maucherat RedHat Moon Namkoong TmaxSoft, Inc. Mark Thomas VMware Wei Chen Voxeo Corporation Greg Wilkins Individual 18 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
19.
Java API for
WebSocket Features § Create WebSocket Endpoints – Annotation-driven (@WebSocketEndpoint) – Interface-driven (Endpoint) § SPI for extensions and data frames § Integration with Java EE Web container 19 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
20.
Touring the APIs 20
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
21.
Note: The APIs
might change before final release ! 21 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
22.
Hello World and
Basics POJO 22 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
23.
Hello World
import javax.net.websocket.annotations.*; @WebSocketEndpoint("/hello") public class HelloBean { @WebSocketMessage public String sayHello(String name) { return “Hello “ + name; } }" 23 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
24.
WebSocket Annotations
Annotation Level Purpose @WebSocketEndpoint" class Turns a POJO into a WebSocket Endpoint @WebSocketOpen" method Intercepts WebSocket Open events @WebSocketClose" method Intercepts WebSocket Close events @WebSocketMessage" method Intercepts WebSocket Message events method @WebSocketPathParam" Flags a matched path segment of a URI-template parameter @WebSocketError" method Intercepts errors during a conversation 24 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
25.
@WebSocketEndpoint attributes
Relative URI or URI template value" e.g. /hello or /chat/{subscriber-level} decoders" list of message decoder classnames encoders" list of message encoder classnames subprotocols" list of the names of the supported subprotocols 25 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
26.
Custom Payloads
@WebSocketEndpoint( path="/hello", encoders={MyMessage.class}, decoders={MyMessage.class} ) public class MyEndpoint { . . . }" " " 26 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
27.
Custom Payloads –
Text public class MyMessage implements Decoder.Text<MyMessage>, Encoder.Text<MyMessage> { private JsonObject jsonObject; public MyMessage decode(String s) { jsonObject = new JsonReader(new StringReader(s)).readObject(); return this;" }" public boolean willDecode(String string) { return true; // Only if can process the payload }" " public String encode(MyMessage myMessage) { return myMessage.jsonObject.toString(); } }" 27 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
28.
Custom Payloads –
Binary public class MyMessage implements Decoder.Binary<MyMessage>, Encoder.Binary<MyMessage> { public MyMessage decode(byte[] bytes) { . . . return this;" }" public boolean willDecode(byte[] bytes) { . . . return true; // Only if can process the payload }" " public byte[] encode(MyMessage myMessage) { . . . } }" 28 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
29.
Chat Sample
@WebSocketEndpoint(path="/chat")" public class ChatBean {" Set<Session> peers = Collections.synchronizedSet(…); @WebSocketOpen public void onOpen(Session peer) { peers.add(peer); } @WebSocketClose public void onClose(Session peer) { peers.remove(peer); } . . ." 29 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
30.
Chat Sample
. . . @WebSocketMessage" public void message(String message, Session client) {" for (Session peer : peers) { peer.getRemote().sendObject(message); } } }" 30 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
31.
URI Template Matching
§ Level 1 only @WebSocketEndpoint(“/orders/{order-id}”) public class MyEndpoint { @WebSocketMessage public void processOrder( @WebSocketPathParam(“order-id”)String orderId) { . . . } } 31 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
32.
Which methods can
be @WebSocketMessage ? § A parameter type that can be decoded in incoming message – String, byte[] or any type for which there is a decoder § An optional Session parameter § 0..n String parameters annotated with @WebSocketPathParameter" § A return type that can be encoded in outgoing message – String, byte[] or any type for which there is a decoder 32 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
33.
WebSocket Subprotocols
§ Facilitates application layer protocols § Registered in a Subprotocol Name Registry – Identifier, Common name, Definition – www.iana.org/assignments/websocket/websocket.xml#subprotocol-name § 4 officially registered – Message Broker (2 versions) – SOAP – WebSocket Application Messaging Protocol (WAMP) § RPC, PubSub 33 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
34.
WebSocket Subprotocols
TBD 34 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
35.
WebSocket Extensions
§ Add capabilities to the base protocol – Endpoints negotiate during opening handshake – “Formal” or Private (prefixed with “x-”) § Multiplexing – http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tamplin-hybi-google-mux § Compression: Only non-control frames/messages – Per-frame: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tyoshino-hybi-websocket-perframe-deflate – Per-message: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-hybi-permessage-compression 35 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
36.
WebSocket Extensions
Early Work . . . § Extension.createIncomingFrameHandler, createOutgoingFrameHandler" § Added to EndpointConfiguration" 36 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
37.
Packaging – Java
EE Style § Client side § Classes + resources packaged as a JAR § Web Container § Classes + resources packaged in a WAR file 37 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
38.
Hello World and
Basics Non-POJO 38 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
39.
Hello World Server
import javax.net.websocket.*;" " public class HelloServer extends Endpoint { @Override public void onOpen(Session session) { session.addMessageHandler(new MessageHandler.Text() { public void onMessage(String name) { try { session.getRemote().sendString(“Hello “ + name); } catch (IOException ex) { } } }); } }" 39 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
40.
Server Configuration -
Bootstrap URI serverURI = new URI("/hello"); ServerContainer serverContainer = ContainerProvider.getServerContainer(); Endpoint helloServer = new HelloServer(); ServerEndpointConfiguration serverConfig = new DefaultServerConfiguration(serverURI); serverContainer.publishServer(helloServer, serverConfig);" Recommended in ServletContextListener *" 40 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
41.
Hello World Client
import javax.net.websocket.*;" " public class HelloClient extends Endpoint { @Override public void onOpen(Session session) { try { session.getRemote().sendString("Hello you !"); } catch (IOException ioe) { // . . . } } }" 41 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
42.
Server and Client
Configuration § Server – URI matching algorithm – Subprotocol and extension negotiation – Message encoders and decoders – Origin check – Handshake response § Client – Requested subprotocols and extensions – Message encoders and decoders 42 – Request URI Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
43.
Main API Classes:
javax.net.websocket.* § Endpoint: Intercepts WebSocket lifecycle events § MessageHandler: Handles all incoming messages for an Endpoint § RemoteEndpoint: Represents the ‘other end’ of this conversation § Session: Represents the active conversation 43 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
44.
Object Model
Message Remote Handler Endpoint Client Session WebSocket Endpoint Message Remote Handler Endpoint Client Internet Session Message Handler Remote Client Endpoint Session 44 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
45.
Sending the Message Whole
string * RemoteEndpoint" sendString(String message)" Binary data * RemoteEndpoint" sendString(ByteBuffer message)" String fragments RemoteEndpoint" sendPartialString(String part, boolean last)" sendPartialData(ByteBuffer part, boolean Binary data fragments RemoteEndpoint" last)" Blocking stream of text RemoteEndpoint" Writer getSendWriter())" Blocking stream of binary RemoteEndpoint" OutputStream getSendStream()" data Custom object of type T * RemoteEndpoint<T>" sendObject(T customObject)" * additional flavors: by completion, by future 45 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
46.
Receiving the Message Whole
string MessageHandler.Text" onMessage(String message)" Binary data MessageHandler.Binary" onMessage(ByteBuffer message)" onMessage(String part, boolean String fragments MessageHandler.AsyncText" last)" onMessage(ByteBuffer part, Binary data fragments MessageHandler.AsyncBinary" boolean last)" Blocking stream of text MessageHandler.CharacterStream" onMessage(Reader r)" Blocking stream of MessageHandler.BinaryStream" onMessage(InputStream r)" binary data Custom object of type T MessageHandler.DecodedObject<T>" onMessage(T customObject)" 46 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
47.
Relationship with Servlet
3.1 § Allows a portable way to upgrade HTTP request § New API – HttpServletRequest.upgrade(ProtocolHandler handler)" 47 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
48.
Security
§ Authenticates using Servlet security mechanism during opening handshake – Endpoint mapped by ws:// is protected using security model defined using the corresponding http:// URI § Authorization defined using <security-constraint>" – TBD: Add/reuse security annotations § Transport Confidentiality using wss://" – Access allowed over encrypted connection only 48 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
49.
Advanced Features
§ DataFrame SPI § Integration with Java EE and Web Applications – Injectable components 49 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
50.
API TODO
Lots … § Refactoring/renaming – Class naming, fluency – Collapse MessageHandlers – Re-org/rename annotations Use of @WebSocketEndpoint on Endpoint instead of ServerConfiguration API § More knobs and dials on POJO § Exception handling § Integration with Java EE 50 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
51.
How to view
WebSocket messages ? Capture traffic on loopback 51 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
52.
How to view
WebSocket messages ? chrome://net-internals -> Sockets -> View live sockets 52 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
53.
WebSocket Future ???
§ Protocol Updates § HTTP 2.0 § SPDY 53 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
54.
Resources
§ Specification – JSR: jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=356 – Mailing Lists, JIRA, Archive: java.net/projects/websocket-spec – Now: Early Draft Review – Will be in Java EE 7 § Reference Implementation – Tyrus: java.net/projects/tyrus – Now: Integrated in GlassFish 4 builds 54 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
55.
Q&A 55
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56.
Graphic Section Divider 56
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57.
57
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