Slides from Prof Dan Pratt presented at the Teaching to Teach Conference, May 1-2, 2009.

1. Orthopaedic Surgeon as Educator Guiding principles & A few words about learning Dan Pratt Ph.D. University of British Columbia

7. What’s the problem? Memory is part of the problem

8. Mr. Anderson, May I be excused? My brain is full. Every added demand hurts learning (cognitive overload) Working Memory Guiding Principle No. 4: Capacity is very limited. Remember/process max.4-7 unrelated items

9. Long Term Memory Symbolic memory is when you try to remember something without an organizing framework. Episodic memory is when you remember something by translating it into narrative. Episodic memory uses existing frames of reference to store new experiences.

10. But there’s another problem Prior beliefs or assumptions that are resistant to change

13. What % of students got it right? 0% 10% 30% 50% 80%

14. Results: A. Mostly by strings B. Mostly by wood in back of violin A B C D

15. What’s going on here? Students (at all levels) often have prior knowledge, beliefs or assumptions that influence their learning. [positively or negatively]

19. For teaching clinical judgment … Bowen, J. Educational Strategies to Promote Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning ( NEJM , Nov. 2006)

20. 1. Focus on Learning ‘ What is learned is more important than what is taught.’