1. By,
Ashiq Muhammed.A
Roll No.:- 11510
K.V.Pattom(Shift1)

2.  Britain
nation.
has been the world’s industrial

3.  Industrial
Revolution stared in England in
the 1700s.

4.  Paved
way for the emergence of new
historical stage in terms of transformation
of science and technology.

+
=

5.  This
revolution happened in the industrial
sectors due to new scientific and
technological intentions by boosting up the
quantity and quality and quantity of
production.

6.  Transformation
of industry and economy in
between the 1780s and the 1850s is the first
industrial revolution.
 Features of the first industrial revolution
revolution .
 Development of new machinery and
technologies.
 Massive scale of production.
 Building of steam, railways and ships.

7. 
Businessman

10. Friedrich Engels
in Germany.
George Michelet
Arnold Toynbee
in France
in England

11. Paul mantoux
Eric
Hobsbawn
T.S.Ashton
Later historians accepted Toynbee's explanation of
industrial revolution.

12. Between 1780s to 1820 the following
development and the changes occurred in
england.
 Remarkable economic growth, growth of
cotton, iron industries and coal mining.
 Building of roads and canals growth of foreign
trade.
 Growth of foreign trade.
 Britain was the first country to witness
modern industrialization.
 Various factors were responsible for this.


13.  Political
stability
 Unification of wales and Scotland with
england.
 Introduction of common laws.

14. ECONOMIC FACTORS RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE REVOLUTION WERE:
Single currency
• Stable market and uniform tax system on the
trade goods
• Increased prices
• Money used as medium of exchange
People received their wages are salaries not as
goods
• Had choice to spend their earnings
•
•

15. REASONS FOR THE AGRICULTURAL
REVOLUTION
 Bigger landlords bought up small farmers .
 Enclosed common village lands .
 Increased food production .
 Result of the enclosure .
 Landless farmers were forced to look for jobs
in nearby towns .

16. London was the largest city in England
 Hub of markets
 Other large cities were close to it .

17.  London
was a city of global trade .
 Global trade shifted from Mediterranean ports
of Italy and France to the Atlantic ports
Holland and Britain .
 Because the principal source of loans for
international trade and replaced Amsterdam.

18.  WATERWAYS
ARE CHEAPER MODE OF
TRANSPORT
 FACILIATED TRANSPORTATION FOR
BULKY GOODS
 IN 1724 , RIVERS IN ENGLAND PROVIDED
1160 MILES OF NAVIGABLE WATER .

19. The key factors of the industrial revolution in
the 1780s and 1850s
 Migration of poor people to towns .
 Banks provided loans for industries .
 Good transport network .

20.  Around
26000 inventions recorded in 18th
century
 More than half were recorded for the period
1782-1800

21.  Transportation
of the iron industry
 Transportation of spinning and weaving
 Development of steam power
 Coming of the railways

22.  LEAD
 COPPER
 TIN

23. the 18th century there was a society of
usable iron
 Traditional smelting process
 Iron is drawn out from ores as pure liquid
metal by the process of smelting
 Till

24.  Too
fragile transport its impurities produced
poor quality of iron
 Could not generate high temperature

25.  The
Darby’s of shropshire solved the in the
method of smelting iron ore.
 Brought about a revolution in the
metallurgical industry.
 Abraham Darby (1677-1717) invented the
blast in 1709.

26.  The
blast furnace replaced the use of
charcoal with coke.
 Coke was derived from coal by removing
the sulphur and impurities.

27. Darby III (1750-91) built the first iron bridge in
the world in coal Brooke late in 1779 using
the blast furnace method.

28.  Place
of iron ore deposits in industrial
england.

29. Places
of coal mines in industrial
england

30.  The
output in the British iron industry
quadrupled between 1800 and 1830.
 In 1820 to make one ton of pig-iron,8 tons
of coal was required.
 But in 1850,just by using 2tons of coal.it
was possible to make one ton iron.

31.  Cotton
being transported from India to
england.
 England used wool and flax to weave
cloth.
 From 17th century onwards, the east India
company imported cotton cloth from India.
 Later started importing raw cotton that was
women in england.

32. the early 18th century, spinning had
been a slow and laborious process.
 10 spinner required to supply sufficient
yarn to keep a single weaver busy.
 Till

33.  While
spinners were occupied all days
weavers had to wait idly to receive yarn.
 Technological invention speed up the
process.

34.  During
1780s the cotton industry
symbolized British industrialization .
 Most of laborers in the industry were
women and children

35.  Workers
inside a coal mine.
 Steam power first used in mining industries
.
 Floating in mines was a serious problem.

36.  To
transport coal to cities .
 Transporting the bulk and weight of coal by
road much slower and more expensive .
 As the for coal grew constantly many
canals were built to transport it by barges
on canal.

37.  Canals
were usually built by big land
owners.
 This increase the value of the
mines, quarries or forests on their lands.
 Canal created new market.

39.  The
first English canal, the wisely canal was
built in 1761 by James Bindley.
 Period from 1788 to 1796 known as the
“canal mania”
 From 1760 to 1796,twenty five new canal
building. Projects were began.
 The “canal mania”-1788 to 1796.
 46 new projects were begun.
 Over the next 60 years more than 4,000 miles
of canal were built.

40.  Taking
stage .
industrial revolution to a second

41.  George
Stephenson railways.
 Railways emerged as a new means of
transportation.
 The invention of the railways took the
entire process of industrialization to a
second stage.

42.  Connected
the cities of Stockton and
Darlington in 1825.
 Covered a distance of 9 miles at speeds of
up to 24kph.
 About 6,ooomiles of railways was opened
in Britain between 1830 and 1850.
 The next railway line connected Liverpool
and Manchester in 1830.

43.  During
“little railway mania” from 183337, 1400 miles of line was built.
 The bigger “mania "of 1844-47, another
9,500 miles of line was sanctioned.

44.  Life
of the industrialists changed.
 Rich people invested their money during
this period.
 Wealth, incomes and productive efficiency
increased.

45. Common people experienced the following changes
•
Broken families
•
New addresses due to frequent migration
•
Poor working conditions in factories

46. •
•
•
•
Lower life expectancy
Death of young people like
children
Deaths were caused by diseases
In 1832 more than 31,000 people
died.

48.  Many
people died at young age.
 Children lived only up to the age of five.
 Death were caused by diseases like
cholera and typhoid.
 In 1832 more than 31,000 people died due
to cholera.
 Many workers died in the industrial areas.

50.  Children before the
 Rural poor children
industrialization
worked at home and in
the farm
 Were under the control of parents and
relatives
 Women before industrialization
 Were involved in farm work
 Reared livestock
 Gathered firewood
 Spun yarns on spinning wheels in their
homes

51.  Children
and women were forced to work
in the factories
 With unbroken hours of the same kind of
work
 Under strict discipline
 Received sharp forms of punishment.
 Had to earn money to supplement men’s
meager works.

52.  Industrialists
preferred to employ women
and children.
 Women and children did not agitate
against the poor working conditions and
lower wages
 They were employed in large number in
the cotton textile industry Lancashire and
Yorkshire .
 Women were main workers in silk ,lace
making, and knitting industries.

54.  Machinery
like the cotton spinning jenny
was designed for child workers

55.  Faced
following health hazards in the
factories: Had to work long hours of work.
 Had to clean the machines on Sunday.
 Did not get healthy atmosphere in the
factories.
 Caught their hair in machines.
 Crushed their hands.

56.  Maimed
hand of children in the factories.

57.  Danger
place to work in.
 Accidents were common.
 Roofs covered in or these could be
an explosion.
 Had to reach deep coal face
through narrow path.

58.  In
his novel hard times, Charles
dickens[1812-1870],wrote a fictional
account of an industrial town he aptly
called coke town.
 The most sever contemporary critic of
the horrors of industrialization for the
poor.

59.  D.h.lawrence
[1885-1930 ] , British
essayist and novelist.
 Descried the changes in a village in
the coal –belt about which he had
heard form older people.